Pardosa paramushirensis ( Nakatsudi, 1937 )

Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2014, Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group, Zootaxa 3894 (1), pp. 33-60 : 52-54

Pardosa paramushirensis ( Nakatsudi, 1937)

Figs 7 , 15 , 26 , 34 , 42 , 55–56 , 65, 73, 83, 88–89, 96,110–111, 119, 126, 129

Lycosa paramushirensis Nakatsudi, 1937: 3 , pl. 1, fig. 6 (♀).

Pardosa ferruginea: Yaginuma 1971: 85 , fig. 76: 4, 5 (♂ ♀) and pl. 40: 223 (misidentification).

Pardosa paramushirensis: Yaginuma & Nishikawa 1971: 80 (note); Chikuni 1989: 116, fig. 33 (♂ ♀); Tanaka 1993: 166–169, figs 9–12 (♂ ♀); Tanaka 2009: 248, figs 143–144 (♂ ♀, identical to previous reference).

Type material. Holotype ♀ of Pardosa paramushirensis was destroyed during World War II (Yaginuma in litt. to TK 1976). Neotype ♀ from Russia: Sakhalin Oblast: Kuril Islands, Paramushir Island, near Severo-Kurilsk , Ebeko Volcano , 28 August 1996 (Y.M. Marusik), in ZMMU, here designated .

Other material examined. JAPAN. Hokkaido: Mt. Daisetsu , July 1970 (T. Yaginuma, NHRS), 2♂ 3♀ ; same locality, 18 July 1973 (T. Yaginuma, NHRS), 3♂ 3♀ . Honshu: "Fusijama"(= Mt. Fuji-san ), in the "bush region" (" Vega " Expedition, NHRS), 2♀ [evidently collected by the members E. Almqvist and O. Nordqvist during an excursion to the mountain on 25 September–3 October 1879 ( Nordenskiöld 1882: 123)] . RUSSIA. Sakhalin Oblast (Kuril Islands): Paramushir Island, near Severo-Kurilsk , Ebeko Volcano , 50°41.33’N 156°03.35’E, 500–700 m, 28 August 1996 (Y.M. Marusik, ISEA, ZISP, NHRS), 15♀ . Paramushir Island , Taina R., 50º22’N 155º36.67’E, 21 August 1996 (Y.M. Marusik, ZMMU), 1♀ . Chirpoi Island, Peshchanaya Bay , 46º32.52’N 150º53.90’E, 23 August 1995 (Y.M. Marusik, ZMMU), 2♀ .

Remarks. Tanaka (1993) described this species from Japanese material. As the holotype of L. paramushirensis Nakatsudi is no longer available, and the illustration of the epigyne in Nakatsudi’s (1937) paper a bit schematic, the new material from Paramushir removed doubts about the identity of this species as no other species in the group is known from the area (cf. Fig. 129 ).

Diagnosis. Males can be distinguished from all other members of this group by the curvature of the embolus ( Figs 55-56 ); females by the lateral elevations in the posterior part of the epigyne being at some distance from the septum, their margins converging at the rear ends ( Figs 89 , 96 ).

Description. Male (from Mt. Daisetsu): Total length 6.0; carapace 3.05 long, 2.35 wide.

Prosoma. Carapace brownish. Median band light brownish to yellowish, narrowed at cephalic-thoracic junction, wide behind PLEs. Lateral bands only present as indistinct lighter spots. Clypeus and chelicerae light brownish to yellowish, latter with longitudinal darker streaks, yellow inside and retromargin with three teeth. Sternum dark greyish brown with narrow yellowish stripe in front.

Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 48, row II 72, row III 94, row II-III 69. Diameter of AME 10, ALE 10, PME 26, PLE 22. Distance between AME 8, between AME and ALE 2.

Opisthosoma. Dorsum greyish brown more or less patterned in black. Lanceolate stripe light greyish brown, proximally flanked by spots of same colour. Black pattern posterior of lanceolate stripe more or less arranged as transverse bars. Venter light greyish brown with short adpressed light and short thin dark hairs.

Legs ( Table 1 ). Yellowish with dark annulations. Fe I dark in proximal half. Ti, Mt and Ta I yellow without annulation. Mt and Ta IV brownish without annulation. Ti I with two retrolateral spines.

Palp ( Figs 7 , 15 , 26 , 34 , 88 ). Pt 0.65, Ti 0.60, Cy 1.30. Light brown to yellowish with dark markings. Cy dark greyish brown, distally yellowish. Tegular apophysis with anteriorly directed branch comparatively long, slightly widening in its distal half, basal process comparatively short ( Figs 26 , 42 ). Conductor as in Figs 73 & 83 , terminal apophysis as in Figs 65 , 73 & 83 . Embolus long, evenly curved, sickle-shaped ( Figs 56 , 65, 73).

Female (neotype). Total length 7.4, carapace 3.40 long, 2.60 wide.

Prosoma and opisthosoma. Similar to male in coloration and pattern.

Eyes. Width of row I (slightly procurved) 52, row II 74, row III 102, row II-III 72. Diameter of AME 11, ALE 10, PME 29, PLE 23. Distance between AME 7, between AME and ALE 3.

Legs ( Table 1 ). All legs distinctly annulated.

Epigyne ( Figs 89 , 96 , 119 ). Lateral elevations strongly diverging backwards from about half the length of the epigyne. Septum in the posterior half sclerotized laterally and not fully filling the cavities. Spermathecae long, sausage-like ( Figs 110-111 , 126).

Size variation. Carapace length: males 2.95–3.25 (n=5), females 3.00–3.60 (n=10).

Habitat. On Ebeko Volcano species was collected among stones on elevation about 500 m in place with sparse vegetation. On Chirpoi Island, it was collected at lava fields on elevations about 100– 200 m.

Distribution ( Fig. 129 ). Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu), Russia: Kuril Islands.

Figures

FIGURES 1–8. Left male palp, retrolateral. 1, Pardosa eiseni. 2, P. fomichevi sp. n. 3, P. giebeli. 4, P. lasciva. 5, P. lyrata. 6, P. nigra. 7, P. paramushirensis. 8, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 9–16. Left male palp, prolateral. 9, Pardosa eiseni. 10, P. fomichevi sp. n. 11, P. giebeli. 12, P. lasciva. 13, P. lyrata. 14, P. nigra. 15, P. paramushirensis. 16, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 20–27. Bulbus of left male palp in ventral view. 20, Pardosa eiseni. 21, P. fomichevi sp. n. 22, P. giebeli. 23, P. lasciva. 24, P. lyrata. 25, P. nigra. 26, P. paramushirensis. 27, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 28–35. Bulbus of left male palp in oblique ventral-frontal view. 28, Pardosa eiseni. 29, P. fomichevi sp. n. 30, P. giebeli. 31, P. lasciva. 32, P. lyrata. 33, P. nigra. 34, P. paramushirensis. 35, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 36–43. Left male palp: tegulum with tegular apophysis. 36, Pardosa eiseni. 37, P. fomichevi sp. n. 38, P.giebeli. 39, P. lasciva. 40, P. lyrata. 41, P. nigra. 42, P. paramushirensis. 43, P. trailli. tg, tegulum; tg.ap, tegular apophysis. Scale line (applies to all) 300 µm.

FIGURES 44–58. Left male palp: embolus in frontal (44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57) and ventral (45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58) view. 44–45, Pardosa eiseni. 46–47, P. fomichevi sp. n. 48, P. giebeli. 49–50, P. lasciva. 51–52, P. lyrata. 53–54, P. nigra. 55–56, P. paramushirensis. 57–58, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 129–130. Distribution of Pardosa eiseni (black circles), P. fomichevi sp. n. (black square), P. lasciva (blue crosses), P. lyrata (green diamonds), P. paramushirensis (red stars) and P. trailli (red triangles) in Eurasia (129) and in Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krays (130). “?” in symbol indicates doubtful record.

FIGURES 85–89. 85-87, Pardosa lyrata, left male palp (85), epigyne (86–87). 88–89, P. paramushirensis, left male palp (88), epigyne (89). Original drawings of 85 and 88 here reversed. Scale line (applies to all) 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 90–97. Epigynes in ventral view. 90, Pardosa eiseni. 91, P. fomichevi sp. n. 92, P. giebeli. 93, P. lasciva. 94, P. lyrata. 95, P. nigra. 96, P. paramushirensis. 97, P. trailli. Arrows: see text. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 67–74. Left male palp: terminal part ventral view. 67, Pardosa eiseni. 68, P. fomichevi sp. n. 69, P. giebeli. 70, P. lasciva. 71, P. lyrata. 72, P. nigra. 73, P. paramushirensis. 74, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 81–84. Left male palp: terminal part ventral view. 81, P. lyrata. 82, P. nigra. 83, P. paramushirensis. 84, P. trailli. cond, conductor; emb, embolus; pal, palea; tl.ap, terminal apophysis. Scale line (applies to all) 300 µm.

FIGURES 59–66. Left male palp: terminal part oblique ventral-frontal view. 59, Pardosa eiseni. 60, P. fomichevi sp. n. 61, P. giebeli. 62, P. lasciva. 63, P. lyrata. 64, P. nigra. 65, P. paramushirensis. 66, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 114–120. Epigynes in ventral view. 114, Pardosa eiseni. 115, P. giebeli. 116, P. lasciva. 117, P. lyrata. 118, P. nigra. 119, P. paramushirensis. 120, P. trailli. cav, cavity (=atrium) (left part lettered here); la.el, lateral elevation; sep, septum, arrow: see text. Scale line (applies to all) 300 µm.

FIGURES 98–113. Epigynes, cleared, in ventral (98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112) and dorsal (99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113) view. 98-99, Pardosa eiseni. 100–101, P. fomichevi sp. n. 102–103, P. giebeli. 104–105, P. lasciva. 106–107, P. lyrata. 108–109, P. nigra. 110–111, P. paramushirensis. 112–113, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.