Pardosa eiseni ( Thorell, 1875 )

Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2014, Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group, Zootaxa 3894 (1), pp. 33-60 : 35-36

Pardosa eiseni ( Thorell, 1875)

Figs 1 , 9 , 20 , 28 , 36 , 44–45 , 59, 67, 75, 90, 98–99 , 114, 121, 128–129

Lycosa eiseni Thorell, 1875: 106 ; Holm 1947: 34, pl. 7 figs 78–79, pl. 10 fig. 42 (♂ ♀).

Lycosa arctica Kulczyński, 1916: 40–41 , pl 2 figs 67, 70 [sic], 71 (♂ ♀). Syn. n.

Pardosa eiseni: Palmgren 1939: 41 , figs 42, 59, 73, 88 (♂ ♀); Tongiorgi 1966: fig. 21 (♂); Kronestedt 2004: figs 3, 9–10, 15, 19, 23–24 (♂ ♀); Marusik & Logunov 2009: 150, figs 17–21 (♂ ♀); Almquist 2005: 228 (in part) figs 225a–c (♂).

Type material. Holotype ♀ from Sweden: Lapland (F. Björnström) in NHRS, examined.

Other material examined. SWEDEN and NORWAY (see Kronestedt 2004). RUSSIA. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Tazovsk District, Messoyakhinski wood reservation, Messo Faktoria 68°01’50”N 78°41’33”E, pitfall traps, 30 June–5 July 2008 (M.A. Khrysanova) 45♂ ♀. Krasnoyarsk Kray: Dudinka, 1–3 September 1875 (A. Stuxberg, NHRS), 2♀; ‘Verschininsk’ [=Izba Vershininskaya], 5 September 1875 (A. Nordenskiöld & A. Stuxberg, NHRS), 6♀; ‘Selivaninskoj’ [=Selivanikha now, part of Turukhansk Municipality], 12 September 1875 (A. Stuxberg, NHRS), 1♀; ‘Turukhansk Kray’, at Yenisey River (K.M. Rychkov, ZISP), 2♀. Yakutia: Yana River lower flow, Kular Village environs (70.35ºN 134.34ºE), July 1996 (N.N. Vinokurov, IBPN), 12♂ 2♀. Primorsky Kray: Chuguevskiy District, Oblachnaya Mt., mountain tundra, 1700 m (43º41’21”N 134º11’18”E), August 2003 (M.M. Omelko, GTS), 12♀, June 2008 (M.M. Omelko, GTS), 15♂ 8♀; Krasnoarmeisk District, Ozernoe Plateau, mountain tundra, 1509 m (45º50’58”N 136º38’41”E), June 2011 (M.M. Omelko, GTS), 8♂ 6♀. Magadan Oblast: Kolyma River upper flow, Field Station ”Kontakt” (61°40’N 147°30’E), July–August 1987 (S.P. Bukhkalo, IBPN), 3♂; Kulu River upper flow, Kontakt Field Station (61º51’N 147º40’E), summer 1999 (S.P. Bukhalo, IBPN) 36♂ 3♀; 29 km N of Magadan, Dukcha River valley (59°43’N 151°E), summers 1999–2000 (S.P. Bukhkalo, IBPN), 29♂ 5♀; more material in Kronestedt (2004). Extensive material of this species was examined for, inter alia, Logunov & Marusik (1995: Chita Oblast), Koponen et al. (1998: Polar Ural), Marusik et al. (1992: Magadan Oblast; 1993: Yakutia; 2000: Tuva), Marusik & Logunov (2009: Altai), Marusik (2005: Northern Cisokhotia).

Comments. Kulczyński’s (1916) description of Lycosa arctica clearly shows that this species is conspecific with Pardosa eiseni . His illustrations depict the species specific shape of the embolus (pl. 2 fig. 67) as well as the close position of the proximal parts of the horn-like structures (with fertilization ducts) in the epigyne (pl. 2 fig. 71). However, he seems to have mixed up pl. 2 figs 69 and 70: the former should show P. giebeli and the latter P. eiseni . Holm (1950: 126) mentioned P. arctica under P. eiseni , evidently indicating synonymy (not accepted in Platnick 2014).

The species was most recently described in Almquist (2005). Regrettably, he seems to have confused P. eiseni and P. trailli . His figs 225a–e are said to illustrate male and female of P. eiseni . While figs 225a–c clearly show a male of P. eiseni (specific shape of embolus), fig. 225e evidently shows a dorsal (internal) view of an epigyne of P. trailli : the horn-like structures (with fertilization ducts) are far apart in this species compared to the configuration in P. eiseni . It is hard to judge which of these two species is represented in his fig. 225d. The map of distribution in Sweden ( Almquist 2005: 228) erroneously shows occurrence in the province of Dalarna (instead of P. trailli ).

Habitat. The species occurs in a variety of habitats, preferably on dry ground, at elevations from 600 to 1400 m ( Marusik 1988). In Sokhondo Reserve (Chita Oblast), P. eiseni occurs in mountain deciduous and mixed taiga forest and in moss-lichen tundra (including boggy sites) ( Logunov & Marusik 1995). (See also under Habitat for P. lyrata below.) In Fennoscandia this species is restricted to the north, and inhabits dry sites in subalpine birch forests, inter alia in heaps of rocks, as well as in alpine dwarf shrub heaths in the Torneträsk area of northern Lapland ( Holm 1950). In northernmost Finland (Utsjoki: Kevo), this species has been found in high numbers from pine forest up to low alpine heath (about 90 to 320 m) ( Koponen 1976). In Primorsky Kray it occurs only in alpine tundras (about 1600–1800 m asl).

Distribution ( Figs 128–129 ). Wide distribution in the Palearctic, from Norway in the west to Chukotka in the east, southward to Mongolia and Primorsky Kray ( Marusik et al. 2000: map 148).

Figures

FIGURE 128. Distribution of Pardosa eiseni (black circles), P. giebeli (black blobs), P. lasciva (blue crosses), P. nigra (green triangles) and P. trailli (red triangles) in Europe. For open red triangle in the Faroe Islands see text under P. trailli.

FIGURES 129–130. Distribution of Pardosa eiseni (black circles), P. fomichevi sp. n. (black square), P. lasciva (blue crosses), P. lyrata (green diamonds), P. paramushirensis (red stars) and P. trailli (red triangles) in Eurasia (129) and in Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krays (130). “?” in symbol indicates doubtful record.

FIGURES 1–8. Left male palp, retrolateral. 1, Pardosa eiseni. 2, P. fomichevi sp. n. 3, P. giebeli. 4, P. lasciva. 5, P. lyrata. 6, P. nigra. 7, P. paramushirensis. 8, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 9–16. Left male palp, prolateral. 9, Pardosa eiseni. 10, P. fomichevi sp. n. 11, P. giebeli. 12, P. lasciva. 13, P. lyrata. 14, P. nigra. 15, P. paramushirensis. 16, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 20–27. Bulbus of left male palp in ventral view. 20, Pardosa eiseni. 21, P. fomichevi sp. n. 22, P. giebeli. 23, P. lasciva. 24, P. lyrata. 25, P. nigra. 26, P. paramushirensis. 27, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 28–35. Bulbus of left male palp in oblique ventral-frontal view. 28, Pardosa eiseni. 29, P. fomichevi sp. n. 30, P. giebeli. 31, P. lasciva. 32, P. lyrata. 33, P. nigra. 34, P. paramushirensis. 35, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 36–43. Left male palp: tegulum with tegular apophysis. 36, Pardosa eiseni. 37, P. fomichevi sp. n. 38, P.giebeli. 39, P. lasciva. 40, P. lyrata. 41, P. nigra. 42, P. paramushirensis. 43, P. trailli. tg, tegulum; tg.ap, tegular apophysis. Scale line (applies to all) 300 µm.

FIGURES 44–58. Left male palp: embolus in frontal (44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57) and ventral (45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58) view. 44–45, Pardosa eiseni. 46–47, P. fomichevi sp. n. 48, P. giebeli. 49–50, P. lasciva. 51–52, P. lyrata. 53–54, P. nigra. 55–56, P. paramushirensis. 57–58, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 98–113. Epigynes, cleared, in ventral (98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112) and dorsal (99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113) view. 98-99, Pardosa eiseni. 100–101, P. fomichevi sp. n. 102–103, P. giebeli. 104–105, P. lasciva. 106–107, P. lyrata. 108–109, P. nigra. 110–111, P. paramushirensis. 112–113, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.