Radhades Distant, 1912

Viraktamath, C. A. & Webb, M. D., 2019, Revision of the Ulopinae leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) of the Indian subcontinent, I. Ulopini genera: Daimachus, Radhades and Ulopsina, Zootaxa 4613 (3), pp. 557-577 : 563

Radhades Distant

Radhades Distant 1912: 605 ; 1916: 227–228. Type species: Radhades crassus Distant , by monotypy.

Pale brown with darker basal angles of mesonotum.

Head, thorax, anterior parts of forewings including clavus densely pitted. Head wider than pronotum, body more or less cylindrical. Crown short and broad between eyes, anterior margin rounded to face; ocelli on crown closer to eyes than to each other. Eyes rounded, prominent and projecting. Face wider than long, convex in profile; genal groove prominent; antennal ledges prominent; clypellus long and narrow exceeding genal curve; labium long reaching mesothoracic coxae. Pronotum evenly convex, strongly anteriorly declivous, anterior margin convex, posterior margin sinuate, lateral margins not carinate; about 2x as wide as long medially, with perceptible lateroanterior depressions. Mesonotum shorter than pronotum. Forewing venation with prominent raised veins, without additional cross veins, claval veins separate, with three closed subapical and five apical cells, appendix absent. Hind wings well developed, with well-developed submarginal vein and four apical cells. Forefemur with scattered narrow setae, anterodorsal (AD), anteroventral (AV), anteromedian (AM) and intercalary row (IC) not differentiated. Foretibia with dorsal surface scored, slightly and evenly broadening from apex to base. Hind femur distal macrosetae 2+0. Hind tibiae flattened dorsally, rounded ventrally with narrow setae basally in rows AD and AV both with a few stouter setae on elevated bases (four and six, respectively) in distal two thirds; apical transverse row of cucullate setae spine-like. Hind basitarsus shorter than combined length of second and third tarsomeres, with irregular narrow acute setae and apically with four somewhat irregularly placed longer narrow setae.

Male pygofer shorter than height in lateral view, tergum deeply excavated posteriorly to receive segments X and XI, ventrobasal apodeme present on each side; without macrosetae, with group of moderately long fine setae ventrally, processes absent. Segment X membranous ventrally. Subgenital plate depressed in basal region than compressed and held vertically with or without basal transverse suture, distally either broadly or conically rounded, exceeding pygofer in lateral view; with short spine-like setae, without macrosetae, fused to valve. Style with anterior part shorter than posterior part, apophysis gradually curved dorsally, slightly narrowed till near apex and then abruptly anteriorly curved with truncate apex, posterior angle of apex of apophysis slightly produced. Connective articulated with aedeagus, somewhat Y-shaped, anterior arms short, anterior margin with median lobe, stem plate-like and posterior margin bilobed. Aedeagus symmetrical, with well-developed dorsal apodeme and with one process on dorsal margin, shaft tubular, curved posteriorly and then abruptly dorsally almost at right angle, with subapical processes, gonopore apical.

Remarks. The genus resembles some members of Macropsinae (Szwedo & Gȩbicki 2001) as it has a short crown with margin rounded to front and similar forewing venation. However, the facial features especially the presence of subgenal groove and short metabasitarsus place the genus in Ulopinae . Absence of an anterior marginal rim on the crown, present in all other genera of Ulopinae , distinguishes the genus in addition to the strongly anteriorly declivous pronotum. This genus resembles Ulopsina in having a well-developed submarginal vein in the hind wing and also in the forewing venation, but is more cylindrical whereas Ulopsina is more depressed and the anterior margin of crown is slightly concave and rimmed.