Callianopsidae Manning and Felder, 1991

Poore, Gary C. B., Dworschak, Peter C., Robles, Rafael, Mantelatto, Fernando L. & Felder, Darryl L., 2019, A new classification of Callianassidae and related families (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea) derived from a molecular phylogeny with morphological support, Memoirs of Museum Victoria (Mem. Mus. Vic.) 78, pp. 73-146 : 101

Callianopsidae Manning and Felder, 1991

Figure 12

Callianopsinae Manning and Felder, 1991: 787–789.— Schweitzer Hopkins and Feldmann, 1997: 237.— Sakai, 2005b: 226–227.— Sakai, 2011: 477–478.— Sakai et al., 2015: 122–124.

Callianopsidae .— Sakai, 2011: 477.— Sakai et al., 2015: 121– 122.— Dworschak and Poore, 2018: 66–67.

Neocallianopsinae Sakai, 2011: 482.

Bathycalliacinae Sakai and Türkay, 1999a: 204.— Sakai, 2005b: 213–214.— Sakai, 2011: 347–348 syn. nov.

Bathycalliacidae Sakai, 2011: 347 syn. nov.

Vulcanocalliacinae Dworschak and Cunha, 2007: 37.— Sakai, 2011: 350 syn. nov.

Diagnosis. Rostrum flat, short, triangular, shorter than eyestalks, or spike-like; median carina absent, or on rostrum only; gastric carinae absent; cervical groove well defined; suture between ocular lobe and end of linea thalassinica horizontal in lateral view; anterior branchiostegal margin sinusoidal or semicircular; anterior branchiostegal lobe simple, scarcely calcified, merging smoothly with anterodorsal branchiostegal angle and anterolateral margin of carapace; posterior margin of carapace without lateral lobes; pleomere 1 without anterolateral lobes, weakly chitinised. Eyestalks flattened, contiguous, with subdistal dorsal cornea. Antennal scaphocerite usually elongate, rarely rudimentary. Maxilla scaphognathite without long seta on posterior lobe extending into branchial chamber. Maxilliped 1 epipod with acute anterior lobe lying alongside exopod. Maxilliped 3 dactylus dilating, truncate, with dense field of setae on distal margin. Cheliped merus lower margin spinose, or with small proximal tooth; palm oval in cross-section, barely crested above or below. Pereopod 3 propodus rectangular or oval, up to twice as long as wide, with proximal lobe on lower margin, without distal spiniform setae on lateral face (often with 1 distal spiniform seta on lower margin). Pereopod 5 minutely chelate. Female pleopod 2 rami narrower and with more reduced setation than pleopods 3–5; endopod flattened and 3–5 times as long as wide. Pleopods 3–5 with oblique peduncles meeting mesially, endopods triangular, with straight mesial margin, exopods attached laterally, proximally lobed, longer than and enclosing endopods; appendices internae elongate, much longer than wide. Uropodal exopod without elevated dorsal plate.

Remarks. Callianopsids differ from other callianassoids except eucalliacids in having the dactylus of maxilliped 3 dilating, truncate and with a dense field of setae on its distal margin. The uropodal exopod lacks a dorsal plate, which is present in eucalliacids. Members of the family have lateral ridges on the eyestalks and maxilliped 3 ischium with a strong proximal lobe on the lower margin. These features place the family far removed from Callianassidae , with which it was compared by Sakai (2011).

Callianopsinae was treated as a subfamily of Ctenochelidae by Manning and Felder (1991) and by Schweitzer Hopkins and Feldmann (1997), as a subfamily of Gourretiidae by Sakai (2005b) and as a full family by Sakai (2011).

Dworschak and Poore (2018) showed that Neocallianopsis is a synonym of Callianopsis , and therefore, Neocallianopsinae Sakai, 2011, is a synonym of Callianopsidae . Bathycalliacinae and Vulcanocalliacinae , both monotypic and originally subfamilies of Callianassidae , were included in Bathycalliacidae , newly elevated to family rank by Sakai (2011). Dworschak and Cunha (2007) noted that the two taxa shared epipods on maxilliped 3 to pereopod 4 (found also in the only species of Paracalliacidae ), similar maxillipeds 3, propodi on pereopod 3, telsons and uropods, and blindness. The morphological analysis found the absence of an appendix masculina on male pleopod 2 to be a synapomorphy.

In his discussion of Bathycalliacinae , Sakai (2011) contradicted Dworschak and Cunha’s (2007) assertion that the holotype of Bathycalliax geomar is a male (as originally stated). Subsequent examination by PCD has shown the original observation was correct. Sakai (2011) erroneously stated that the male pleopod 1 is absent and that Vulcanocalliax arutyunovi possesses a dorsal plate on the uropodal exopod, again not true.

The molecular analysis of Robles et al. (in press) found one bathycalliacid representative, Vulcanocalliax arutyunovi , to be a sister taxon to one example of Callianopsidae , Callianopsis goniophthalma , a result consistent with the morphological analysis that found Bathycalliax to be closely allied. On the basis of this evidence, we synonymise Bathycalliacidae with Callianopsidae and move Vulcanocalliacinae to Callianopsidae without recognising subfamilies.

Figures

Figure 12. Diagnostic characters for genera of Callianopsidae. Carapace:a,Bathycalliax. Pleomere 6: c,Callianopsis. Maxilliped 3: c,Bathycalliax.