Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) muelleri, Vilarino & Bispo, 2020

Vilarino, Albane & Bispo, Pitágoras C., 2020, New records and two new species of Xiphocentron Brauer 1870 (Trichoptera Xiphocentronidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil, Zootaxa 4851 (2), pp. 386-400 : 391-393

Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) muelleri sp. nov.

Figs 10–17 , 21 , 39

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Diagnosis. Xiphocentron muelleri sp. nov. is similar to X. copacabana and X. maitea by the basal region of the inferior appendage with its ventral margin distinctly produced ( Figs 14, 17–19 ). The new species can be differentiated from its congeners by the truncate basoventral margin of the inferior appendage, forming a right angle ( Figs 14, 17 ) (overall rounded in X. maitea and X. copacabana , Figs 18–19 ), and the presence of stout spines (very short spines in X. copacabana ) and a mesal sclerite with about three apical points (mesal sclerite absent in X. maitea and just a simple spine without apical points in X. copacabana ).

Description. Adult male. Forewing length 3.5–3.6 mm (n = 7); head and thorax pale brown in alcohol ( Fig. 21 ). Legs pale yellow, tibia of hind leg darker. Maxillary palp in increasing order of length (I=II=III)-IV-V, segment IV as long as II+III. Spur formula 2, 4, 3; hind leg with unmodified apical spur. Forewing fork II and fork IV present; fork II sessile at discoidal cell; thyridial cell as long as discoidal cell; three anal veins present ( Figs 10, 11 ). Hind wing fork II and fork V present ( Fig. 10 ). Sternum V with pair of anteroventral cuticular reticulated regions.

Male genitalia. Tergum IX, in lateral view ( Fig. 14 ), wider basally, narrower apically; in dorsal view ( Fig. 12 ), anterior margin with a broad V-shaped incision; posterior margin produced as pair of small rounded lobes divided by incision nearly reaching transverse line of tergum IX. Sternum IX, in lateral view ( Fig. 14 ), about 2x longer than tall, truncate at apex, anterior apodeme filiform, straight, tapering to slender flange; in ventral view ( Fig. 13 ), almost round, posterior margin with shallow incision. Paraproct, in lateral view ( Fig. 14 ), oblong, produced in narrow apicoventral lobe; in dorsal view ( Fig. 12 ), wider basally, tapering apically, apex cleft about 1/2 its length, membranous, bearing sensilla. Preanal appendage about 2.5x as long as tergum IX, setose; in lateral view ( Fig. 14 ), slightly curved caudad at basal third, width almost subequal throughout length, apex slightly crenulate; in dorsal view ( Fig. 12 ), clavate, slightly produced basomesally, narrow just beyond base, enlarged apically. Inferior appendage less than 2x as long as tergum IX, setose, coxopodite and harpago completely fused; basal region broad, apical region slender, digitate; in lateral view ( Figs 14, 17 ), apical region about as long as basal region, basal region apicoventrally produced, truncate apically, forming right angle; in dorsal and ventral views ( Figs 12, 13 ), inner face with numerous spines. Mesal sclerite spine-like with 3 points. Phallus tubular, long, slender, weakly sclerotized, phallobase wide; in lateral view ( Fig. 15 ), apex straight; in dorsal view ( Fig. 16 ), apex enlarged.

Etymology. Named in honor of Fritz Müller, German biologist who emigrated to Brazil, living and doing most of his studies in the state of Santa Catarina where the holotype was collected.

Material examined. Holotype. BRAZIL— Santa Catarina: ♂ ( UFBA) Florianópolis: Córrego Pantanal; 13.vii.2012; sweeping net; LC Pinho leg.

Paratypes. BRAZIL— Santa Catarina: 1♂ ( UFBA), same data as holotype. 4♂♂, 1♀ ( MZSP) Grão Pará: Parque Estadual da Serra Furada ; 30.ix.2016; T Duarte, V Gomes leg. São Paulo: 1♂ ( MZSP) Iporanga: P.E. Intervales; i.2015; light trap; PC Bispo et al. leg .

Distribution. Brazil (Santa Catarina and São Paulo states) ( Fig. 39 ).

Remarks. Xiphocentron muelleri sp. nov. together with X. copacabana ( Fig. 18 ), and X. maitea ( Fig. 19 ) have the ventral margin of the basal region of the inferior appendage distinctly produced, a character typical of genus Cnodocentron . However, the setal brush on the ventral margin of the coxopodite that also is typical for the Neotropical Cnodocentron (Caenocentron) is not present on those three species of Xiphocentron . Xiphocentron muelleri sp. nov., X. copacabana , and X. maitea are distributed along the Atlantic coast of Brazil. The presented records of Xiphocentron mulleri sp. nov. in Santa Catarina state ( Brazil) together with X. caenina Schmid 1982 and X. cuyensis Flint 1983 in Tucumán province ( Argentina) are the southernmost records of the genus in the Americas. They are also the most austral occurrence of the family together with Abaria electa Marlier 1960 in South Africa ( de Moor 1993).

Figures

FIGURE 39. Geographical distribution of the new species and analyzed species, including new records.

FIGURES 10–19. Xiphocentron spp. 10–17, Xiphocentron muelleri sp. nov. holotype, male: 10, right wing venation, dorsal; 11, right forewing photograph, dorsal. 12–19, Xiphocentron spp. male genitalia: 12–17, X. muelleri: 12, dorsal; 13, ventral; 14, left lateral; 15, phallus, left lateral; 16, phallus, dorsal; 17, left inferior appendage photograph, left lateroventral. 18–19, left inferior appendage, left lateral: 18, X. copacabana Vilarino et al. 2018; 19, X. maiteae Vilarino & Calor 2015.

FIGURES 20–26. Xiphocentron spp. 20–22, heads and thoraces, dorsal: 20, Xiphocentron gwarakeraba sp. nov.; 21, X. muelleri sp. nov.; 22, X. jaguare Rocha et al. 2017. 23–24, X. jaguare head, arrow showing reduced segment V of maxillary palp: 23, frontal; 24, right lateroventral. 25–26, X. maracanan Vilarino et al. 2018 abdominal sternum V glands: 25, ventral, 80x magnification; 26, detail of cuticular reticulated area around a gland opening, ventral, 200x magnification. 20–24, scale bar = 0.5 mm.