Cybaeus simplex Roth, 1952

Bennett, Robb, Copley, Claudia & Copley, Darren, 2021, Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the consocius species group of the Californian clade, Zootaxa 4965 (3), pp. 401-436 : 420-423

Cybaeus simplex Roth

Figs 1 , 59–67 , 85

Cybaeus simplex Roth, 1952: 216 , figs 9–12. Roewer 1954: 92. Roth and Brown 1986: 4. World Spider Catalog 2021

Type material examined. U.S.A.: Oregon: Holotype male, Linn County, Cascadia , 11.ix.1948, V. D. Roth ( AMNH), subsequently lost . Neotype male here designated from original paratype series, Linn County, Cascadia , 5.ix.1948, V. D. Roth ( AMNH) . Neotype lacks its left palpus. Allotype female, Linn County, Cascadia , 11.ix.1948, V. D. Roth ( AMNH), subsequently lost .

Other material examined. U.S.A.: Oregon: Coos. 2♀, 3 mi. N of Bandon , 30.ix.1959, V. D. Roth ( CAS); Jackson. 1♂, Ashland Watershed , 11.x.1998, R. W. Peck ( RBCM); Josephine. 1♂, Oregon Cave, Oregon Cave National Monument, 24.x.2011, N. Mason ( NHM); Lane. 1♀, Blue Pool Camp , Willamette National Forest , 7.ix.1949, V.D. Roth ( AMNH); 2♂, H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 18.x–9.xi.1983, J.D. McIver ( CNC); Linn. 1♂ 1♀, Cascadia , 5.ix.1948, V.D. Roth ( AMNH); 1♂ 1♀, Cascadia , 5.ix.1948, V.D. Roth ( MCZ); 1♂ 1♀, Cascadia , 11.ix.1948, V.D. Roth ( NMNH); 1♀, 1 mi. E of Quartzville (27 mi. NE Sweet Home ), 7.iii.1948, V.D. Roth ( CAS) .

Diagnosis. The male of C. simplex is unlikely to be confused with the males of the other species in the consocius group except for C. opulentus . Distinguishing the males of these two species is discussed under the diagnosis of C. opulentus . Among the females of the consocius group, the female of C. simplex is most likely to be confused with the other species which lack U-shaped copulatory ducts: C. ubicki spec. nov., C. penedentatus , C. vulpinus , C. pan spec. nov., and C. opulentus spec. nov. From those species the female of C. simplex is distinguished by a combination of its wide and arched transverse atrium, about 2/3 the width of the vulva ( Figs 64–65 ) (versus atrium much smaller, about 1/3 the width of the vulva in C. penedentatus [ Figs 46–47 , 52–53 ]); the relatively narrow lumina of its copulatory ducts ( Figs 65–67 ) (versus broad copulatory duct lumina, especially at the junction of the copulatory ducts with the atrium, in C. ubicki spec. nov. [ Figs 75–76 ], C. opulentus spec. nov. [ Fig. 31 ], C. pan spec. nov. [ Fig. 38 ], and C. vulpinus [ Fig. 40 ]); copulatory ducts contiguous at the atrium as well as partway between the atrium and the spermathecal heads ( Figs 65–67 ) (versus contiguous only at the atrium in C. pan spec. nov. [ Fig. 38 ] and C. vulpinus [ Fig. 40 ]); and the relatively long copulatory ducts and spermathecal stalks ( Figs 65–67 ) (versus short copulatory ducts and spermathecal heads in C. opulentus spec. nov. [ Fig. 32 ]).

Description. Roth (1952) described both sexes in detail. Ventral tibia I macrosetae: 2-1p-2-1p-2.

Male: (n=9). Patellar apophysis ( Figs 1 , 60 ) about as long as width of patella with peg setae clustered around tip and linearly along dorsal surface. Distal extension of retrolateral tibial apophysis ( Fig. 59 ) short, digitiform. Measurements (n=6). CL 2.28–2.6 (2.5±0.1), CW 1.48–1.93 (1.77±0.20), SL 1.17–1.31 (1.26±0.05), SW 1.00–1.21 (1.15±0.08). Holotype, neotype: CL 2.6, 2.6, CW 1.90, 1.93, SL 1.30, 1.30, SW 1.21, 1.20.

Female: (n=8). Atrium ( Fig. 64 ) anteriorly located on epigynum. Copulatory ducts ( Figs 65–67 ) narrowly contiguous at atrium, projecting anteriorly for short distance from atrium then turning posteriorly and becoming contiguous again along midline before joining spermathecal heads at lateral margins of vulva. Stalks ( Figs 65–67 ) often contiguous or nearly so in region of Bennett’s glands. Measurements (n=6). CL 2.15–2.7 (2.4±0.2), CW 1.48–1.78 (1.60±0.13), SL 1.04–1.30 (1.17±0.09), SW 0.92–1.21 (1.07±0.10).

Distribution and natural history. Coos, Jackson, Josephine, Lane, and Linn Counties of western Oregon from the Cascade Range east of the Willamette Valley, west to the coast and south nearly to California ( Fig. 85 ). Mature males have been collected from September to November. The holotype and allotype pair was found “under bark about 1 inch apart.”

Figures

FIGURE 85. Distribution of Cybaeus simplex. AZ—Arizona, CA—California, ID—Idaho, OR—Oregon, NV—Nevada, UT— Utah, WA—Washington. Oregon county names capitalized.

FIGURES 1–4. Cybaeus spp., males, left palpus (1 C. simplex from Ashland watershed, Oregon; 2–4 C. consocius from Muir Woods, California). 1 Patella, tibia, and genital bulb, ventral. 2 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 3–4 Genital bulb (3 ventral, 4 retrolateral). DA—distal arm of tegular apophysis, E—embolus, PA—proximal arm of tegular apophysis, PS—peg setae, PTA—patellar apophysis, RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis.

FIGURES 59–63. Cybaeus simplex, males from Oregon, left palpus (59 from Ashland watershed, 60–63 from H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest). 59 Tibia, retrolateral. 60 Patella and tibia, dorsal. 61–62 Genital bulb (61 ventral, 62 retrolateral). 63 Tip of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, ventral. Arrows indicate diagnostic characters (59 distal extension of retrolateral tibial apophysis, 61 strongly twisted tip and prominent basal projection of proximal arm of tegular apophysis, 62 compound curve of dorsal margin of tegular apophysis).

FIGURES 64–67. Cybaeus simplex, females from Cascadia, Oregon, copulatory organ. 64 Epigynum, ventral. 65–67 Vulva (65 ventral, 66–67 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct.

FIGURES 46–51. Cybaeus penedentatus, females from California, copulatory organ (46–48 from Ben Lomond, 49 from Pescadero Creek, 50–51 from Mount Madonna). 46 Epigynum, ventral. 47–51 Vulva (47, 49–50 ventral; 48, 51 dorsal). AT—atrium.

FIGURES 52–54. Cybaeus penedentatus, female from Brookdale, California, copulatory organ. 52 Epigynum, ventral. 53–54 Vulva (53 ventral, 54 dorsal). AT—atrium.

FIGURES 74–79. Cybaeus ubicki spec. nov., females from California, copulatory organ (74–76 from Point Reyes Station, 77– 79 from Anchor Bay). 74, 77 Epigynum, ventral. 75–76, 78–79 Vulva (75, 78, ventral, 76, 79 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct.

FIGURES 30–32. Cybaeus opulentus spec. nov., female from Riverton, California, copulatory organ. 30 Epigynum, ventral. 31–32 Vulva (31 ventral, 32 dorsal). BG—Bennett’s gland, CD—copulatory duct, HS—head of spermatheca.

FIGURES 37–41. Cybaeus spp., females from California, copulatory organ (37–38 C. pan spec. nov. from near Calpine, 39 C. pan spec. nov. from Sierra City, 40–41 C. vulpinus from Big Trees State Park). 37 Epigynum, ventral. 38–41 Vulva (38, 40 ventral; 39, 41 dorsal). CD—copulatory duct, SS—spermathecal stalk. Unlabelled arrow indicates epigynal notch.