Aphidiinae, Haliday, 1833

Rakhshani, Ehsan, Barahoei, Hossein, Ahmad, Zubair, Starý, Petr, Ghafouri-Moghaddam, Mostafa, Mehrparvar, Mohsen, Kavallieratos, Nickolas G., Čkrkić, Jelisaveta & Tomanović, Željko, 2019, Review of Aphidiinae parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of the Middle East and North Africa: key to species and host associations, European Journal of Taxonomy 552, pp. 1-132 : 64-73

Key to female Aphidiinae of the Middle East and North Africa

1. Forewing with seven closed cells. Forewing 2 RS present and well developed ( Figs 118–125 , 164 ) ................................................................................................................................................. 2

– Forewing with four closed cells or fewer. Forewing 2 RS absent ( Figs 73–117, 126–163, 165– 175 ) ............................................................................................................................................... 10

2. Antennae 18-segmented ( Fig. 62 ). Ovipositor sheath deltoid shaped ( Fig. 601 ) ............................. .................................................................................................................. Toxares deltiger (Haliday)

– Antennae 13-segmented ( Figs 31–35 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated ( Figs 555–562 ) .................... 3

3. Forewing 3RSa vein distinctly shorter than 2RS vein ( Figs 119, 124 ). Petiole less than 1.5× as long as wide ( Figs 419, 424 ) ................................................................................................................... 4

– Forewing 3RSa vein subequal or distinctly longer than 2RS vein ( Figs 118, 120–123, 125 ). Petiole more than 1.8× as long as wide ( Figs 418, 420–423 , 425 ) ............................................................. 5

4. Antenna slightly thickened at apex ( Fig. 34 ). F1 4.00–4.50× as long as wide. Ovipositor sheath stout ( Fig. 561 ) ..................................................................................... Ephedrus persicae Froggatt

– Antenna distinctly thickened at the apex. F1 4.50–4.80× as long as wide. Ovipositor sheath elongated ( Fig. 556 ) ................................................................... Ephedrus chaitophori Gärdenfors

5. Antennae thickened at apex, apical and praeapical segments broadly joined forming a club ( Fig. 32 ). Ovipositor sheath stout and wide at base ( Fig. 557 ) ............................ Ephedrus helleni Mackauer

– Antennae filiform or only slightly thickened towards apex.Apical and praeapical segments normally joined, never forming a club ( Figs 31, 33, 35 ) Ovipositor sheath medium sized ( Figs 555, 559, 562 ) to elongated ( Figs 558, 560 ), never widened at base ...................................................................... 6

6. Flagellomere 1 very long, 1.4–1.5× flagellomere 2. Forewing r vein as long as or slightly longer than width of stigma ( Fig. 121 ) ....................................................... Ephedrus lacertosus (Haliday)

– Flagellomer 1 stout, 1.3× flagellomere 2 or shorter ( Figs 31, 33, 35 ). Forewing vein r distinctly shorter than width of stigma ( Figs 118, 122, 123, 125 ) .................................................................. 7

7. Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated with praeapical depression ( Fig. 560 ) ............................ ............................................................................. Ephedrus niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont

– Ovipositor sheath less elongated, without praeapical depression ( Figs 555, 559, 562 ) ................. 8

8. Petiole with strongly prominent central and less-developed lateral longitudinal carinae ( Fig. 422 ). Flagellomere 1 3.00–3.50× as long as wide............................................... Ephedrus nacheri Quilis

– Petiole with less developed central and prominent lateral longitudineal carinae ( Figs 418 , 425 ). Flagellomere 1 3.80–4.20 x as long as wide ( Figs 31, 35 ) ............................................................. 9

9. Flagellomere 1 yellow, 1.3–1.5× as long as flagellomere 2 bearing 1–2 longitudinal placodes ( Fig. 31 ) .................................................................................................. Ephedrus cerasicola Starý

– Flagellomere 1 brown with narrow yellowish ring, 1.1–1.3× as long as flagellomere 2 bearing 3–5 longitudinal placodes ( Fig. 35 ) .............................................................. Ephedrus plagiator (Nees)

10. Notauli complete ( Figs 212 , 245–263 ). Forewing RS +M vein present, sometimes colourless throughout or partially ( Figs 109 , 146–163 ) ..................................................................................11

– Notauli incomplete or absent ( Figs 176–211, 213–220 , 229–245 , 265–271 ). Forewing RS +M vein absent ( Figs 73–108, 110–117, 126–145 , 165–175 ) ..................................................................... 29

11. Antennae 13–14-segmented ( Fig. 25 ). Propodeum areolated ( Fig. 308 ). Ovipositor sheath densely setose at apical half ( Fig. 546 ) ....................................................... Areopraon lepelleyi (Waterson)

– Antennae 15–22(23)–segmented ( Figs 47–61 ). Propodeum smooth ( Figs 345–362 ). Ovipositor sheath sparsely setose ( Figs 583–600 ) .......................................................................................... 12

12. Lateral lobes of mesonotum densely pubescent ( Figs 250, 254 , 257–259, 262 ) .......................... 13

– Lateral lobes of mesonotum with small ( Figs 246, 248 , 261 ) to large hairless areas ( Figs 247, 249, 251–253, 255 , 256, 260, 263 ) ...................................................................................................... 18

13. Forewing RS vein effaced, point-like ( Fig. 157 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum sparsely pubescent ( Fig. 356 ) .............................................. Praon orpheusi Kavallieratos, Athanassiou & Tomanović

– Forewing RS never point-like and normally developed ( Figs 150, 154 , 158, 159, 162 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum densely pubescent ( Figs 349, 353, 357, 358, 361 ) ..................................... 14

14. Flagellomere 1 yellow. Petiole elongated, 1.5–1.6× as long as wide at spiracle ( Figs 450, 454 ). Antennae 19–22 (23)-segmented .................................................................................................. 15

– Flagellomere 1 brown, with small yellowish part at base. Petiole short, 1.20–1.35× as long as wide at spiracle ( Figs 458, 459, 462 ). Antennae 16–18(19)–segmented ............................................... 16

15. Antennae 19-segmented ( Fig. 50 ). Flagellomere 1 yellow. Dorsal aspect of petiole with few sparse hairs along sides ( Fig. 450 ). Dorsal outline of ovipositor sheath almost straight ( Fig. 587 ) ............ ..................................................................................................................... Praon bicolor Mackauer

– Antenna 21–23-segmented ( Fig. 54 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with dense hairs along sides ( Fig. 454 ). Dorsal outline of ovipositor sheath concave ( Fig. 591 ) ........................ Praon longicorne Marshall

16. Dorsal aspect of petiole with sparse hairs along sides ( Fig. 459 ). Stigma 1.9–2.3× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 159 ) ............................................................................................... Praon rosaecola Starý

– Dorsal aspect of petiole with dense hairs along sides ( Figs 458, 462 ). Stigma 1.25–1.65× as long as R1 vein ( Figs 158, 162 ) ................................................................................................................ 17

17. Antenna 16–17-segmented ( Fig. 57 ). Ovipositor sheath rounded at apex ( Fig. 595 ) ....................... ....................................................................................................................... Praon pubescens Starý

– Antenna (17)18–19-segmented ( Fig. 60 ). Ovipositor sheath sharply pointed at apex ( Fig. 599 ) .... ..................................................................................................................... Praon volucre (Haliday)

18. Lateral lobes of mesonotum with small hairless areas ( Figs 246, 248 , 261 ) ................................ 19

– Lateral lobes of mesonotum with large hairless areas ( Figs 247, 249, 251–253, 255 , 256, 260, 263 ) ............................................................................................................................................... 21

19. Forewing m-cu complete and coloured throughout ( Fig. 146 ). Antenna 15–16-segmented ( Fig. 47 ). Flagellomere 1 brown, yellowish at base, 4.0–4.5× as long as wide ...... Praon abjectum (Haliday)

– Forewing m-cu complete but colourless or effaced distally ( Figs 148 , 161 ). Antenna 20–21-segmented. Flagellomere 1 yellow with a dark ring at the apex and 0.5–0.6× as long as wide ............................................................................................................................................... 20

20. Forewing vein m-cu colourless proximally and effaced distally ( Fig. 161 ). Stigma 3.5× as long as wide and 1.5× as long as R1 vein. Antenna 21-segmented. Flagellomere 1 5.0× as long as wide. Petiole stout, subquadrate ( Fig. 561 ) ....................... Praon uroleucon Tomanović & Kavallieratos

– Forewing vein m-cu coloured on first third and colourless for remaning part ( Fig. 148 ). Stigma 4.0× as long as wide and 1.8× as long as R1 vein. Antenna 20-segmented. Flagellomere 1 0.6 as long as wide. Petiole more elongated, 1.22× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 448 ) ................................... ................................................................................ Praon athenaeum Kavallieratos & Lykouressis

21. Forewing m-cu complete and coloured throughout ( Fig. 147 ). Flagellomere 1 brown, only yellowish at base .......................................................................................................... Praon absinthii Bignell

– Forewing m-cu coloureless throughout or partially or completely effaced ( Figs 149, 151–153, 155, 156 , 160, 163 ). Flagellomere 1 yellowish, sometimes darkened to brown at tip ......................... 22

22. Forewing m-cu vein developed, but partially colourless or thoroughly colourless ( Figs 149, 151, 152, 156 , 160, 163 ). Stigma thickened, 3.3–3.5× as long as wide ................................................ 23

– Forewing m-cu vein effaced ( Figs 153, 155 ). Stigma narrow, 3.6–4.2× as long as wide ............. 28

23. Antenna 20–21-segmented ( Fig. 49 ). Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated ( Fig. 586 ). Face and propodeum very densely pubescent ( Fig. 348 ) .............................. Praon barbatum Mackauer

– Antenna 15–19-segmented. Ovipositor sheath less elongated ( Figs 588, 589, 593, 597 , 600 ). Face and propodeum normally or sparsely pubescent ( Figs 350, 351, 355, 359 , 362 ) ......................... 24

24. Petiole less than 1.2× as long as wide. Dorsal aspect of petiole with a pair of triple hairs at posterior margin ( Fig. 452 ). Ovipositor sheath stout with length/width ratio less than 2.4 ( Fig. 589 ) ............ .................................................................................................................. Praon flavinode (Haliday)

– Petiole more than 1.3× as long as wide. Dorsal aspect of petiole with sparse to dense hairs located between spircales ( Figs 451, 456, 460, 463 ). Ovipositor sheath more elongated with length/width ratio more than 2.5 ( Figs 588, 593, 597 , 600 ) ............................................................................... 25

25. Dorsal aspect of petiole almost hairless or with 4–5 short setae along sides ( Fig. 451 ). Propodeum covered with few and scattered hairs ( Fig. 350 ) ........................................ Praon exsoletum (Nees)

– Dorsal aspect of petiole with more than 10 short setae along each side ( Figs 456, 460, 463 ). Propodeum covered with several long hairs ( Figs 355, 359 , 362 ) ................................................ 26

26. Antenna 18–19(20)–segmented ( Fig. 61 ). Forewing cu vein coloured throughout ( Fig. 163 ) ......... ...................................................................................................................... Praon yomenae Takada

– Antenna 16–17-segmented ( Fig. 59 ). Forewing cu vein colourless throughout or coloured only prior to m-cu vein ( Figs 156 , 160 ) ................................................................................................ 27

27. Dorsal aspect of propodeum sparsely pubescent ( Fig. 359 ). Flagellomere 1 6.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 59 ). Mesosoma yellowish to yellow .................................. Praon unitum Mesheloff & Rosen

– Dorsal aspect of propodeum densely pubescent ( Fig. 355 ). Flagellomere 1 5.5× as long as wide. Mesosoma dark brown ............................................ Praon nonveilleri Tomanović & Kavallieratos

28. Flagellomeres 1 and 2 yellow. Stigma 2.0× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 153 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum covered with normal hairs ( Fig. 352 ) ............................................................. Praon gallicum Starý

– Flagellomere 1 yellow with brown apice, flagellomere 1 brown. Stigma as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 155 ). Dorsal aspect of propodeum covered with very long hairs ( Fig. 354 ) ....... Praon necans Mackauer

29. Forewing 1 RS vein long, reaching R1 vein at tip of wing margin ( Fig. 73 ). Petiole very short, 0.8× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 374 ). Ovipositor sheath dagger shaped ( Fig. 510 ). Eyes considerably reduced in size ............................................................. Aclitus obscuripennis Förster

– Forewing 1 RS short, never reaching R1 vein and wing margin ( Figs 74–108, 110–117, 126–145 , 165–175 ). Petiole always longer than width at spiracles ( Figs 375–408, 410–417 , 426–445 , 465– 475 ). Ovipositor sheath of different shapes ( Figs 511–545 , 547–554 , 563–582 , 602–612 ). Eyes normally developed ....................................................................................................................... 30

30. Terminal metasomal sternum with a pair of prongs ( Figs 547–552 , 602–612 ) ............................ 31 – Terminal metasomal sternum without prongs ( Figs 511–545 , 553, 554 , 563–582 ) ..................... 47

31. Petiole with primary and secondary tubercles ( Figs 411–415 ) ..................................................... 32 – Petiole with only primary tubercles ( Figs 410 , 465–475 ) ............................................................. 40

32. Prongs almost straight, slightly curved at apex ( Figs 548, 549 ) ................................................... 33 – Prongs strongly curved upward ( Figs 550–552 ) ........................................................................... 34

33. Distance between primary and secondary tubercles less than width at spiracles ( Fig. 411 ). Stigma 2.1–2.3× as long as wide and 1.9–2.1× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 111 ). Ovipositor sheath subquadrate at base ( Fig. 548 ). Metasoma dark brown ...................... Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall)

– Distance between primary and secondary tubercles more than width at spiracles ( Fig. 412 ). Stigma 2.6–2.8× as long as wide and 1.4–1.6× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 112 ). Ovipositor sheath rounded at base ( Fig. 549 ). Petiole and last metasomal segments yellowish brown .......................................... .......................................................................................................... Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday)

34. Dorsal aspect of prongs with 7–8 long hairs ( Fig. 551 ) ............... Binodoxys centaureae (Haliday) – Dorsal aspect of prongs with 2–3 long hairs ( Figs 550, 552 ) ....................................................... 35

35. Antenna 10-segmented. ( Fig. 28 ). Propodeum smooth with only posterolateral carinae developed at base ( Fig. 312 ). Primary and secondary tubercles almost fused, distance between them less than width of petiole at spiracles ( Fig. 413 ) ........................................ Binodoxys brevicornis (Haliday)

– Antenna 11-segmented. ( Fig. 29 ). Propodeum carinated with well developed and complete central areola ( Fig. 314 ). Primary and secondary tubercles distinctly separated, distance between them more than width at spiracles ( Fig. 415 ) ............................................ Binodoxys heraclei (Haliday)

36. Apical portion of prongs differentiated, bearing several stout basally dilated bristles ( Fig. 547 ) .... ............................................................................................................... Betuloxys horturom (Starý)

– Apical portion of prongs tubular with 1–2 bristles of various shapes (simple, ovoid or uniformly dilated) ( Figs 602–612 ) ................................................................................................................. 37

37. R1 vein reduced, equal to or shorter than half of stigma ( Figs 156 , 169 , 172, 175 ) .................... 38

– R1 vein well developed, distinctly longer than half of stigma ( Figs 166, 167, 168, 170 , 171, 173, 174 ) ............................................................................................................................................... 42

38. Prongs very short and straight with a pair of ovoid-shaped bristles at apex ( Fig. 612 ). R1 vein 0.45–0.5× as long stigma ( Fig. 175 ) ....................................................... Trioxys tanaceticola Starý

– Prongs long and distinctly curved upward with a pair of simple or uniformly dilated bristles at apex ( Figs 602, 606, 609 ). R1 vein less than 0.35× as long stigma ( Fig. 165, 169 , 172 ) ..................... 39

39. Prongs with 3–4 long setae at dorsal surface and a pair of simple bristles at apex ( Fig. 606 ). Maxillary and labial palps with 3 and 1 palpomeres, respectively .. Trioxys metacarpalis Rakhshani & Starý

– Prongs with more than 6–7 long setae at dorsal surface and a pair of uniformly dilated bristles ( Figs 602, 609 ). Maxillary and labial palps with 4 and 2 palpomeres, respectively .................... 40

40. Antenna 11-segmented ( Fig. 70 ). Petiole short, less than 1.8× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 472 ) ................................................................................................. Trioxys pannonicus Starý

– Antenna 12-segmented ( Fig. 63 ). Petiole elongated, more than 2.2× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 465 ) .................................................................................................. Trioxys asiaticus Telenga 41. Apex of prongs with single claw-shaped bristle ( Figs 604, 605, 607, 608, 611 ) .......................... 42 – Apex of prongs with a pair of simple or uniformly dilated bristles ( Figs 603, 610 ) .................... 46

42. Prongs distinctly curved upward ( Fig. 605 ) .................................... Trioxys curvicaudus Mackauer – Prongs straight or very slightly curved ( Figs 604, 607, 608, 611 ) ................................................ 43

43. Prongs without any long setae at dorsal surface ( Fig. 611 ) ..................... Trioxys quercicola Starý – Prongs with 1–4 long setae at dorsal surface ( Figs 604, 607, 608 ) .............................................. 44

44. Prongs with 1–2 long setae at dorsal surface ( Fig. 607 ) ........ Trioxys moshei Mescheloff & Rosen – Prongs with 3–4 long setae at dorsal surface ( Figs 604, 608 ) ...................................................... 45

45. Ovipositor sheath short, 2.10–2.20× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 604 ). R1 vein 0.60–0.80× as long stigma ( Fig. 167 ) .................................................................................. Trioxys complanatus Quilis

– Ovipositor sheath elongated, 2.90–3.10× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 608 ). R1 vein 0.5× as long stigma ( Fig. 171 ) ..................................................................................... Trioxys pallidus (Haliday)

46. Propodeum areolated with well developed anterolateral and central carinae ( Fig. 365 ). Prongs almost straight with 6–8 long setae at dorsal surface and a pair of uniformly dilated bristles at apex ( Fig. 603 ) ......................................................................................................... Trioxys cirsii (Curtis)

– Propodeum smooth having short posterolateral carinae at base. Prongs upcurved apically with 4–5 long setae at dorsal surface and a pair of simple bristles at apex ( Fig. 610 ) .. Trioxys pappi Takada

47. Propodeum reticulated and irregularly areolated ( Figs 332, 333 ). Petiole short and subquadrate, 1.0–1.2× as long as wide at spiracles ( Figs 433, 434 ). Antenna monilliform ( Figs 43, 44 ) ......... 48

– Propodeum smooth ( Figs 273–276 , 326–331 ) or regularly areoleted ( Figs 277–307, 315, 316 , 325 , 334–344 ). Petiole elongated, more than 1.5× as long as wide at spiracles ( Figs 375–408, 416, 417 , 426–432, 435–445 ). Antenna filiform ( Figs 2–24, 30 , 36–42 , 45, 46 ) ......................................... 49

48. Antenna 12–13-segmented. F1 2.6–2.7× as long as wide. F1 and F2 with 1–2 and 5–6 longitudinal placodes, respectively ( Fig. 43 ). Ovipositor sheath triangular, curved downwards, narrowed to the apex ( Fig. 570 ) ............................................................................... Monoctonia pistaciaecola Starý

– Antenna 16 (17)–segmented. F1 1.75–2.00× as long as wide. F1 and F2 with 0 and 1 longitudinal placodes, respectively ( Fig. 44 ). Ovipositor sheath quadrangular at base, sharply narrowed ventrally, truncated at tip ( Fig. 571 ) ............................................................... Monoctonia vesicarii Tremblay

49. Ovipositor sheath ploughshare shaped ( Figs 572, 573 ) ................................................................ 50

– Ovipositor sheath of different shapes, cup shaped ( Fig. 563 ), subovoid ( Figs 515–545 , 553 , 574. 576. 580 , 581 ), triangular ( Figs 511–514 , 564–569 ), quadrangular ( Fig. 554 ), spatulated ( Fig. 578 ), slender ( Fig. 579 ), acincaciform ( Figs 575, 577 , 582 ) .................................................................. 51

50. Forewing r & RS, M+m-cu and r–m veins well developed and visible ( Fig. 135 ). Petiole elongated, 2.0–2.2× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 435 ) ............................. Monoctonus crepidis (Haliday)

– Forewing r & RS, M+m-cu and r–m veins effaced ( Fig. 136 ). Petiole short, 1.6–1.8× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 436 ) ........................................................ Monoctonus mali van Achterberg

51. Forewing r & RS vein extending over tip of R1 vein, reaching the outer border of forewing ( Fig. 126 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with a pair of strong carinae, diverging backward ( Fig. 426 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated-cup shaped, strongly downcurved ( Fig. 563 ) ................ Lipolexis gracilis Förster

– Forewing r & RS vein reaching the end of R1 vein in maximum length ( Figs 74–108 , 116, 117, 127–132, 137–145 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole smooth, slightly swollen or with straight central keel ( Figs 375–408, 416, 417 , 427–432, 437–445 ). Ovipositor sheath of different shapes ( Figs 511–545 , 553–554 , 564–569, 574–582 ) ....................................................................................................... 52

52. Propodeum with very narrow, small, central areola ( Figs 277–307, 315 ) or smooth ( Figs 273–276 , 326–331 ) ....................................................................................................................................... 53

– Propodeum with wide central pentagonal areola (336–342, 344) or only with anterolateral and central carinae ( Figs 316 , 343 ) ...................................................................................................... 85

53. Dorsal aspect of propodeum carinated with complete or incomplete central areola ( Figs 277–307, 315 ). Ovipositor sheath truncated at tip ( Figs 515–545 , 553 ) ...................................................... 54

– Dorsal aspect of propodeum smooth or with two divergent carinae at lower part ( Figs 273–276 , 326–331 ). Ovipositor sheath pointed at tip ( Figs 511–514 , 564–569 ) ......................................... 94

54. Forewing r–m and M+m-cu veins absent ( Fig. 116 ) ........................ Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) – Forewing r–m vein present, M+m-cu complete( Figs 78,80–109 ) or reduced anteriorly ( Fig. 79 ) …55

55. Anterolateral area of petiole rugose ( Figs 483, 486 ) .................................................................... 56

– Anterolateral area of petiole costate ( Figs 478, 481 , 388 , 496 ), or costulate ( Figs 476–477, 479– 480, 482, 484–485, 487–495, 497–499 ) ....................................................................................... 57

56. Stigma 3.8–4.3× as long as wide ( Fig. 92 ). Anterodorsal area of ovipositor sheath strongly elevated leading to a clearly concave dorsal outline ( Fig. 529 ) ...................................................................... ................................................................................... Aphidius microlophii Pennachio & Tremblay

– Stigma 3.4–3.9× as long as wide ( Fig. 87 ). Antero-dorsal area of ovipositor sheath moderately elevated leading to a slightly concave dorsal outline ( Fig. 524 ) .................... Aphidius ervi Haliday

57. Anterolateral area of petiole costate ( Figs 478, 481 , 388 , 496 ) .................................................... 58

– Anterolateral area of petiole costulate ( Figs 476–477, 479–480, 482, 484–485, 487–495, 497– 499 ) ............................................................................................................................................... 61

58. Labial palps with three palpomeres. Length of stigma 1.6–2.0× R1 vein ( Figs 81 , 105 ). Antenna (16)17–18-segmented ................................................................................................................... 59

– Labial palps with two palpomeres. Length of stigma 1.1–1.2× R1 vein ( Figs 84 , 96 ). Antenna (14)15–16-segmented ................................................................................................................... 60

59. Petiole with swollen anterodorsal area ( Fig. 405 ). General body color yellowish brown ................ ......................................................................................................... Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga

– Petiole with deep anterodorsal area ( Fig. 382 ). General body color dark brown to black ............... ................................................................................................................... Aphidius avenae Haliday

60. Anterolateral area of petiole smooth with 3–4 blunt costae ( Fig. 385 ) ............................................ ................................................................................................................ Aphidius colemani Viereck

– Anterolateral area of petiole strongly curved with 5–6 sharp costae ( Fig. 395 ) ............................... ................................................................................................................. Aphidius platensis Brèthes

61. Tentorial index 0.6–0.8 ................................................................................................................. 62 – Tentorial index less than 0.6 ......................................................................................................... 63

62. Antenna (18)19–20-segmented. Flagellomeres 1 and 2 with 2–5 and 3–7 longitudinal placodes, respectively ( Fig. 8 ). Petiole 3.00–3.50× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 384 ) ............................ ................................................................................................................ Aphidius cingulatus Ruthe

– Antenna13–14-segmented.Flagellomeres1and2with1–3and3–5longitudinalplacodes,respectively. Petiole 2.50–3.00× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 401 ) ................. Aphidius setiger (Mackauer)

63. Maxillary palps with 3 palpomeres, if one palp is with 4 palpomeres then the last palpomere bears trace of two segments .................................................................................................................... 64

– Maxillary palps clearly 4-segmented ............................................................................................ 67

64. Labial palps with 2 palpomeres. Propodeum with complete central areola ( Figs 290, 292 ) ........ 65 – Labial palps with 1 palpomere. Propodeum with incomplete central areola ( Figs 278 , 289 ) ...... 66

65. Stigma 4.5× as long as wide ( Fig. 93 ). Clypeus with 6 scattered long setae. Flagellomere 1 basally yellow becoming brown midway to apex ................... Aphidius myzocallidis Mescheloff & Rosen

– Stigma 3.3–3.8× as long as wide ( Fig. 91 ). Clypeus with 10–12 long setae. Flagellomere 1 yellowish brown with narrow apical dark ring .................................................. Aphidius matricariae Haliday

66. Dorsal aspect of petiole with a pair of convergent grooves ( Fig. 380 ). Forewing M+m-cu vein incomplete, stigma 2.0× as long R1 vein ( Fig. 79 ) .................................. Aphidius arvensis (Starý)

– Dorsal aspect of petiole smooth with fine rugosities ( Fig. 391 ). Forewing M+m-cu vein complete, stigma equal or slightly longer than R1 vein ( Fig. 90 ) ......... Aphidius iranicus Rakhshani & Starý

67. Labial palps with two palpomeres ................................................................................................ 68 – Labial palps with three palpomeres .............................................................................................. 75

68. Stigma narrowly triangular, 4.0–4.5× as long as wide, subequal to R1 vein (1.0–1.2× as long R1 vein) ( Figs 86 , 98 ). Antenna 14–15-segmented ............................................................................ 69

– Stigma widely triangular, 2.8–3.8× as long as wide, distinctly longer than R1 vein (1.3–7.52× as long as R1 vein) ( Figs 78, 80 , 94, 96 , 104, 106 ). Antenna (15)16–17-segmented ....................... 70

69. Apical flagellomere of antenna distinctly thickened. Flagellomere 1 2.6–3.0× as long as wide. Upper areola of propodeum with 2–4 long setae ( Fig. 284 ). Dorsal outline of ovipositor sheath concave ( Fig. 523 ) ........................................................................... Aphidius eglanteriae Haliday

– Apical flagellomere of antenna not thickened. Flagellomere 1 3.1–3.4× as long as wide. Upper areola of propodeum with 5–7 long setae ( Fig. 297 ). Dorsal outline of ovipositor sheath smooth ( Fig. 535 ) ...................................................................................................... Aphidius ribis Haliday

70. R1 vein very short, 0.15–0.20× as long as stigma ( Fig. 96 ) ......................... Aphidius popovi Starý – R1 vein short, 0.45–0.75× as long as stigma ( Figs 78, 80 , 94 , 104, 106 ) ..................................... 71

71. Dorsal aspect of petiole smooth with fine rugosities ( Figs 379, 381 , 404 ) ................................... 72 – Dorsal aspect of petiole with moderately prominent central carina ( Figs 394 , 406 ) .................... 74

72. Flagellomere 1 elongated, 4.06–4.33× as long as wide ( Fig. 21 ) ..................................................... ................................................................................. Aphidius stigmaticus Rakhshani & Tomanović

– Flagellomere 1 short, 3.00–3.50× as long as wide ( Figs 6, 13 ) .................................................... 73

73. Antenna 15-segmented. Petiole 2.00–2.50× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 381 ) ........................ .................................................................................................................... Aphidius asteris Haliday

– Antenna 16–17-segmented ( Fig. 6 ). Petiole 3.00–3.50× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 379 ) ..... ............................................................................................................... Aphidius absinthii Marshall

74. Propodeum with closed central areola. Upper areola of propodeum with 5–8 long setae ( Fig. 293 ). Antenna 16–17-segmented .................................................... Aphidius persicus Rakhshani & Starý

– Propodeum with incomplete closed central areola by weak and broken carinae. Upper areola of propodeum with 3 long setae ( Fig. 305 ). Antenna 15–16-segmented ( Fig. 13 ) ............................... ............................................................................................. Aphidius uroleuci Mescheloff & Rosen

75. Antenna 13–14-segmented ( Fig. 18 ) .......................................................... Aphidius salicis Haliday – Antenna with more than 14 segments ........................................................................................... 76

76. Ovipositor sheath elongate and strongly prominent ( Fig. 525 ) .......... Aphidius funebris Mackauer – Ovipositor sheath broad ( Figs 519, 522, 526 , 534, 536, 539–540, 544–545 ) ............................... 77

77. Antenna 15–18-segmented ............................................................................................................ 78 – Antenna 19–20-segmented ............................................................................................................ 82

78. R1 vein 0.50–0.55× as long as stigma ( Fig. 99 ) ......................................... Aphidius rosae Haliday – R1 vein more than 0.75× as long as stigma ( Figs 87, 97 , 103, 108 ) ............................................. 79

79. Antenna 15–16-segmeneted .......................................................................................................... 80 – Antenna 16–17-segmeneted .......................................................................................................... 81

80. Stigma 3.5–4.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 89 ). Flagellomere 1 2.5–3.0× as long as wide. Petiole, 3.0–3.5× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 390 ) .................................. Aphidius hieraciorum Starý

– Stigma 3.0–3.5× as long as wide ( Fig. 103 ). Flagellomere 1 3.0–3.5× as long as wide. Petiole 2.5–3.0× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 403 ) ..................................... Aphidius sonchi Marshall

81. Stigma elongately triangular, 3.30–3.90× as long as wide ( Fig. 97 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with strong rugosities and unclear central carina, anterolateral aspect with 10–12 straight costulae extended over posterior half ( Fig. 490 ) ............................. Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez

– Stigma widely triangular, 2.80–3.10× as long as wide ( Fig. 108 ). Dorsal aspect of petiole with fine rugosities and prominent central carina, anterolateral area with aspect with 10–14 curved costulae, limited to the anterior half ( Fig. 499 ) ....................................... Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetzki

82. Stigma 1.5–2.2× as long as R1 vein ( Fig. 85 ). Antenna 20–21-segmented ( Fig. 9 ) ......................... .............................................................................................. Aphidius eadyi Starý, Gonzáles & Hall

– Stigma 1.1–1.3× as long as R1 vein ( Figs 82 , 102, 107 ). Antenna 19–20-segmented ................. 83

83. Forewing R1 vein 1.9–2.2× as long as r vein ( Fig. 107 ) ......................... Aphidius urticae Haliday – Forewing R1 vein 1.4–1.6× as long as r vein ( Figs 82 , 102 ) ........................................................ 84

84. Propodeum with wide central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 281 ). Petiole 3.0–3.2× as long as wide at spiracles, its posterior part strongly rugose ( Fig. 383 ). Anterolateral area of petiole with 9–10 irregular curved costulae ( Fig. 479 ) ........................................................... Aphidius banksae Kittel

– Propodeum with narrow and small central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 301 ). Petiole 2.4–2.8× as long as wide at spiracles, its posterior part mainly smooth ( Fig. 402 ). Anterolateral area of petiole with 4–6 almost straight costulae ( Fig. 494 ) ....................................... Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao

85. Forewing M+m-cu and r–m veins absent ( Fig. 117 ). Ovipositor sheath stout, subquadrate ( Fig. 554 ). Notauli absent ( Fig. 220 ). Antenna 15–16-segmented .................. Diaeretus leucopterus (Haliday)

– Forewing M+m-cu and r–m veins present ( Figs 137–145 ). Ovipositor sheath elongated in different shape ( Figs 574–582 ). Notauli developed in anterior part of mesonotum ( Figs 240–245 ). Antenna with more than 17 segments ......................................................................................................... 86

86. Stigma narrow, its width distinctly less than r vein ( Fig. 141 ). Ovipositor sheath with lateral spatula ( Fig. 578 ) ......................................................................................... Pauesia hazratbalensis Bhagat

– Stigma wide, its width equal or distinctly more than r vein ( Figs 137–140, 142–145 ). Ovipositor sheath without lateral spatula ( Figs 574–577, 579–582 ) .............................................................. 87

87. Ovipositor sheath elongated, 4.0–5.0× as long as wide at base ( Figs 579 , 582 ) .......................... 88 Ovipositor sheath short, 2.0–3.5× as long as wide at base ( Figs 574–577, 579–581 ) .................. 89

88. Antenna 21-segmented. Ovipositor sheath slender, upcurved, apically rounded ( Fig. 579 ). Propodeum densly setose, with small central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 341 ). Petiole elongated, 3.4– 3.6× as long as wide at spircales ( Fig. 442 ) ................................................ Pauesia picta (Haliday)

– Antenna 16–17-segmented. Ovipositor sheath narrow and long, almost straight, apically pointed ( Fig. 582 ). Propodeum sparsely setose, with large central pentagonal areola ( Fig. 344 ). Petiole short, 2.8–3.2× as long as wide at spircales ( Fig. 445 ) ......................... Pauesia unilachni (Gahan)

89. Posterolateral carinae of propodeum absent, only the strong anterolateral carinae and a weak central carina present ( Fig. 343 ) ........................................................................... Pauesia silana Tremblay

– Posterolateral carinae of propodeum present, defining the central areola ( Figs 336–339, 342 ).... 90

90. Antenna 17–19-segmented. Propodeum with small central areola ( Figs 337, 339 ). Ovipositor sheath strongly curved upwards, pointed apically ( Figs 575, 577 ) ............................................... 91

– Antenna 20–22-segmented. Propodeum with large central areola ( Figs 336, 338, 342 ). Ovipositor sheath very slightly curved upward, apically rounded or truncated ( Figs 574, 576, 580 ) ............ 92

91. Antenna 18–19-segmented. Propodeum with complete and straight posterolateral carinae ( Fig. 337 ). Stigma 3.2–3.5× as long as wide ( Fig. 138 ). Petiole with spiracales located at half of the segment, slightly widened posteriorly, 3.2–3.3× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 438 ) .............................................................. Pauesia anatolica Michelena, Assael & Mendel

– Antenna 17-segmented. Propodeum with incomplete and irregular posterolateral carinae ( Fig. 339 ). Stigma 2.5–2.8× as long as wide ( Fig. 140 ). Petiole with spiracles located at anterior one third of the segment, parallel sided, 3.5× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 440 ) ......................................... ...................................................................................................... Pauesia cedrobii Starý & Leclant

92. Propodeum densly setose, with irregular carinae ( Fig. 338 ). Petiole parallel sided ( Fig. 439 ). Ovipositor sheath truncated apically ( Fig. 562 ) ................................. Pauesia antennata (Mukerji)

– Propodeum sparsely setose, with regular carinae ( Figs 336, 342 ). Petiole with prominent spiracular tubercles, distinctly widened to the base ( Fig. 437, 443 ). Ovipositor sheath truncated apically ( Figs 574, 580 ) .............................................................................................................................. 93

93. Stigma uniformly brown. Propodeum with less concave central areola ( Fig. 336 ) .......................... .................................................................................................................. Pauesia abietis (Marshall)

– Stigma brown, yellowish at base. Propodeum with very concave central areola ( Fig. 342 ) ............ ........................................................................................................................ Pauesia pini (Haliday)

94. Forewing M+m-cu and r veins absent ( Figs 74–77 ) ..................................................................... 95 – Forewing with incomplete M+m-cu vein, r vein distinct ( Figs 127–131 ) .................................... 98

95. Ovipositor sheath considerably elongated, lengh/width ratio 2.80–3.20 ( Fig. 511 ) ......................... ........................................................................................................... Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday)

– Ovipositor sheath stout, lengh/width ratio 2.20–2.70 ( Figs 512–514 ) ......................................... 96

96. Flagellar segments ( Fig. 4 ) subquadrate, slightly longer than their maximum width, length/width ratio 1.50–1.60. Flagellar segments and hind femur covered with long and prevalently erected setae ( Fig. 502 ). Ovipositor sheath sharply angular ( Fig. 513 ) ........................ Adialytus thelaxis (Starý)

– Flagellar segments ( Figs 3, 5 ) cylindrical, considerably longer than their maximum width, length/ width ratio 2.00–2.90. Flagellar segments and hind femur covered with semi-erected ( Fig. 501 ) or adpressed ( Fig. 503 ) setae. Ovipositor sheath roundly angular ( Figs 512, 514 ) .......................... 97

97. Petiole elongated, 2.20–2.40× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 376 ). Flagellar segments ( Fig. 3 ) covered with prevalently semi-erected setae equal to segment diameter. Flagellomere 1 with 3–4 longitudinal placodes. Hind femur covered with prevalently semi-erected setae ( Fig. 501 ) ........... ................................................................................................................ Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch)

– Petiole short, 1.90–2.10× as long as wide at spiracles ( Fig. 378 ). Flagellar segments ( Fig. 5 ) covered with adpressed setae distinctly shorter than segment diameter. Flagellomere 1 with 0–1 longitudinal placode. Hind femur covered with short adpressed setae ( Fig. 503 ) ............................ ......................................................................................................... Adialytus veronicaecola (Starý)

98. Stigma equal or distinctly longer than R1 vein. ( Figs 129, 131, 132 ). Petiole narrowly triangular ( Figs 429, 431, 432 ). Labial palps with 2 palpomeres .................................................................. 99

– Stigma distinctly shorter than R1 vein, reaching outer margin of wing ( Figs 127, 128 , 130 ). Petiole widely triangular ( Fig. 427, 428, 430 ). Labial palps with 1 palpomere ..................................... 101

99. Petiole wide at base, 1.0–1.3× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 429 ). Hind femur with semi-erected setae ( Fig. 506 ) .................................................................................. Lysiphlebus desertorum Starý

– Petiole more elongate, 1.5–2.0× as long as wide at base ( Figs 431, 432 ). Hind femur with appressed setae ( Figs 508, 509 ) ................................................................................................................... 100

100. Petiole 1.5–1.7× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 431 ) ................ Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri Mackauer – Petiole 1.7–2.0× as long as wide at base ( Fig. 432 ) .................... Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson)

101. Forewing marginal setae longer than those on the surface ( Fig. 128 ) .............................................. ........................................................................................... Lysiphlebus confusus Tremblay & Eady

– Forewing marginal setae as long as those on the surface ( Figs 127 , 129 ) .................................. 102

102. Hind femur with appressed setae ( Fig. 507 ). Stigma 2.8–3.4× as long as wide ( Fig. 130 ) .............. ........................................................................................................ Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall)

– Hind femur with semi-erected setae ( Fig. 504 ). Stigma 3.2–4.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 127 ) ... 103

103. Stigma 3.2–3.6× as long as wide ( Fig. 127 ). Flagellomere 1 usually without or exceptionally with 1 longitudinal placode ( Fig. 37 ) ....................................................... Lysiphlebus cardui (Marshall)

– Stigma 3.8–4.0× as long as wide. Flagellomere 1 with 1–2 longitudinal placodes .......................... ................................................................................. Lysiphlebus volkli Tomanović & Kavallieratos

Figures

Figs115–128. Forewing(♀):115. Binodoxysheraclei.116.Diaeretiellarapae. 117. Diaeretusleucopterus. 118. Ephedrus cerasicola. 119. Ephedrus chaitophori. 120. Ephedrus helleni. 121. Ephedrus lacertosus. 122. Ephedrus nacheri. 123. Ephedrus niger. 124. Ephedrus persicae. 125. Ephedrus plagiator. 126. Lipolexis gracilis. 127. Lysiphlebus cardui. 128. Lysiphlebus confusus.

Figs 157–170. Forewing (♀): 157. Praon orpheusi. 158. Praon pubescens. 159. Praon rosaecola. 160. Praon unitum. 161. Praon uroleucon. 162. Praon volucre. 163. Praon yomenae. 164. Toxares deltiger. 165. Trioxys asiaticus. 166. Trioxys cirsii. 167. Trioxys complanatus. 168. Trioxys curvicaudus. 169. Trioxys metacarpalis. 170. Trioxys moshei.

Figs 73–86. Forewing (♀): 73. Aclitus obscuripennis. 74. Adialytus ambiguus. 75. Adialytus salicaphis. 76. Adialytus thelaxis. 77. Adialytus veronicaecola. 78. Aphidius absinthii. 79. Aphidius arvensis. 80. Aphidius asteris. 81. Aphidius avenae. 82. Aphidius banksae. 83. Aphidius cingulatus. 84. Aphidius colemani. 85. Aphidius eadyi. 86. Aphidius eglanteriae.

Figs 87–100. Forewing (♀): 87. Aphidius ervi. 88. Aphidius funebris. 89. Aphidius hieraciorum. 90. Aphidius iranicus. 91. Aphidius matricariae. 92. Aphidius microlophii. 93. Aphidius myzocallidis. 94. Aphidius persicus. 95. Aphidius platensis. 96. Aphidius popovi. 97. Aphidius rhopalosiphi. 98. Aphidius ribis. 99. Aphidius rosae. 100. Aphidius salicis.

Figs 101–114. Forewing (♀): 101. Aphidius setiger. 102. Aphidius smithi. 103. Aphidius sonchi. 104. Aphidius stigmaticus. 105. Aphidius transcaspicus. 106. Aphidius uroleuci. 107. Aphidius urticae. 108. Aphidius uzbekistanicus. 109. Areopraon lepelleyi. 110. Betuloxys hortorum. 111. Binodoxys acalephae. 112. Binodoxys angelicae. 113. Binodoxys brevicornis. 114. Binodoxys centaureae.

Figs 129–142. Forewing (♀): 129. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 130. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 131. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 132. Lysiphlebus testaceipes. 133. Monoctonia pistaciaecola. 134. Monoctonia vesicarii. 135. Monoctonus crepidis. 136. Monoctonus mali. 137. Pauesia abietis. 138. Pauesia anatolica. 139. Pauesia antennata. 140. Pauesia cedrobii. 141. Pauesia hazratbalensis. 142. Pauesia picta.

Figs 143–156. Forewing (♀): 143. Pauesia pini. 144. Pauesia silana. 145. Pauesia unilachni. 146. Praon abjectum. 147. Praon absinthii. 148. Praon athenaeum. 149. Praon barbatum. 150. Praon bicolor. 151. Praon exsoletum. 152. Praon flavinode. 153. Praon gallicum. 154. Praon longicorne. 155. Praon necans. 156. Praon nonveilleri.

Figs 171–175. Forewing (♀): 171. Trioxys pallidus. 172. Trioxys pannonicus. 173. Trioxys pappi. 174. Trioxys quercicola. 175. Trioxys tanaceticola.

Figs 62–72. Antenna (♀): 62. Toxares deltiger. 63. Trioxys asiaticus. 64. Trioxys cirsii. 65. Trioxys complanatus. 66. Trioxys curvicaudus. 67. Trioxys metacarpalis. 68. Trioxys moshei. 69. Trioxys pallidus. 70. Trioxys pannonicus. 71. Trioxys pappi. 72. Trioxys tanaceticola.

Figs 599–612. Lateral aspect of ♀ genitalia: 599. Praon volucre. 600. Praon yomenae. 601. Toxares deltiger. 602. Trioxys asiaticus. 603. Trioxys cirsii. 604. Trioxys complanatus. 605. Trioxys curvicaudus. 606. Trioxys metacarpalis. 607. Trioxys moshei. 608. Trioxys pallidus. 609. Trioxys pannonicus. 610. Trioxys pappi. 611. Trioxys quercicola. 612. Trioxys tanaceticola.

Figs 31–44. Antenna (♀): 31. Ephedrus cerasicola. 32. Ephedrus helleni. 33. Ephedrus niger. 34. Ephedrus persicae. 35. Ephedrus plagiator. 36. Lipolexis gracilis. 37. Lysiphlebus cardui. 38. Lysiphlebus confusus. 39. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 40. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 41. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 42. Lysiphlebus testaceipes. 43. Monoctonia pistaciaecola. 44. Monoctonia vesicarii.

Figs 546–562. Lateral aspect of ♀ genitalia: 546. Areopraon lepelleyi. 547. Betuloxys hortorum. 548. Binodoxys acalephae. 549. Binodoxys angelicae. 550. Binodoxys brevicornis. 551. Binodoxys centaureae. 552. Binodoxys heraclei. 553. Diaeretiella rapae. 554. Diaeretus leucopterus. 555. Ephedrus cerasicola. 556. Ephedrus chaitophori. 557. Ephedrus helleni. 558. Ephedrus lacertosus. 559. Ephedrus nacheri. 560. Ephedrus niger. 561. Ephedrus persicae. 562. Ephedrus plagiator.

Figs 400–424. Dorsal aspect of petiole (♀): 400. Aphidius salicis. 401. Aphidius setiger. 402. Aphidius smithi. 403. Aphidius sonchi. 404. Aphidius stigmaticus. 405. Aphidius transcaspicus. 406. Aphidius uroleuci. 407. Aphidius urticae. 408. Aphidius uzbekistanicus. 409. Areopraon lepelleyi. 410. Betuloxys hortorum. 411. Binodoxys acalephae. 412. Binodoxys angelicae. 413. Binodoxys brevicornis. 414. Binodoxys centaureae. 415. Binodoxys heraclei. 416. Diaeretiellarapae. 417. Diaeretusleucopterus. 418. Ephedrus cerasicola. 419. Ephedrus chaitophori. 420. Ephedrus helleni. 421. Ephedrus lacertosus. 422. Ephedrus nacheri. 423. Ephedrus niger. 424. Ephedrus persicae.

Figs 425–449. Dorsal aspect of petiole (♀): 425. Ephedrus plagiator. 426. Lipolexis gracilis. 427. Lysiphlebus cardui. 428. Lysiphlebus confusus. 429. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 430. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 431. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 432. Lysiphlebus testaceipes. 433. Monoctonia pistaciaecola. 434. Monoctonia vesicarii. 435. Monoctonus crepidis. 436. Monoctonus mali. 437. Pauesia abietis. 438. Pauesia anatolica. 439. Pauesia antennata. 440. Pauesia cedrobii. 441. Pauesia hazratbalensis. 442. Pauesia picta. 443. Pauesia pini. 444. Pauesia silana. 445. Pauesia unilachni. 446. Praon abjectum. 447. Praon absinthii. 448. Praon athenaeum. 449. Praon barbatum.

Figs 208–223. Dorsal aspect of mesonotum (♀): 208. Aphidius transcaspicus. 209. Aphidius uroleuci. 210. Aphidius urticae. 211. Aphidius uzbekistanicus. 212. Areopraon lepelleyi. 213. Betuloxys hortorum. 214. Binodoxys acalephae. 215. Binodoxys angelicae. 216. Binodoxys brevicornis. 217. Binodoxys centaureae. 218. Binodoxys heraclei. 219. Diaeretiella rapae. 220. Diaeretus leucopterus. 221. Ephedrus cerasicola. 222. Ephedrus chaitophori. 223. Ephedrus helleni.

Figs 240–255. Dorsal aspect of mesonotum (♀): 240. Pauesia abietis. 241. Pauesia anatolica. 242. Pauesia antennata. 243. Pauesia hazratbalensis. 244. Pauesia picta. 245. Pauesia silana. 246. Praon abjectum. 247. Praon absinthii. 248. Praon athenaeum. 249. Praon barbatum. 250. Praon bicolor. 251. Praon exsoletum. 252. Praon flavinode. 253. Praon gallicum. 254. Praon longicorne. 255. Praon necans.

Figs 256–271. Dorsal aspect of mesonotum (♀): 256. Praon nonveilleri. 257. Praon orpheusi. 258. Praon pubescens. 259. Praon rosaecola. 260. Praon unitum. 261. Praon uroleucon. 262. Praon volucre. 263. Praon yomenae. 264. Toxares deltiger. 265. Trioxys asiaticus. 266. Trioxys cirsii. 267. Trioxys complanatus. 268. Trioxys metacarpalis. 269. Trioxys pallidus. 270. Trioxys pannonicus. 271. Trioxys tanaceticola.

Figs 176–191. Dorsal aspect of mesonotum (♀): 176. Aclitus obscuripennis. 177. Adialytus ambiguus. 178. Adialytus salicaphis. 179. Adialytus thelaxis. 180. Adialytus veronicaecola. 181. Aphidius absinthii. 182. Aphidius arvensis. 183. Aphidius asteris. 184. Aphidius avenae. 185. Aphidius banksae. 186. Aphidius cingulatus. 187. Aphidius colemani. 188. Aphidius eadyi. 189. Aphidius eglanteriae. 190. Aphidius ervi. 191. Aphidius funebris.

Figs 192–207. Dorsal aspect of mesonotum (♀): 192. Aphidius hieraciorum. 193. Aphidius iranicus. 194. Aphidius matricariae. 195. Aphidius microlophii. 196. Aphidius myzocallidis. 197. Aphidius persicus. 198. Aphidius platensis. 199. Aphidius popovi. 200. Aphidius rhopalosiphi. 201. Aphidius ribis. 202. Aphidius rosae. 203. Aphidius salicis. 204. Aphidius setiger. 205. Aphidius smithi. 206. Aphidius sonchi. 207. Aphidius stigmaticus.

Figs 224–239. Dorsal aspect of mesonotum (♀): 224. Ephedrus lacertosus. 225. Ephedrus nacheri. 226. Ephedrus niger. 227. Ephedrus persicae. 228. Ephedrus plagiator. 229. Lipolexis gracilis. 230. Lysiphlebus cardui. 231. Lysiphlebus confusus. 232. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 233. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 234. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 235. Lysiphlebus testaceipes. 236. Monoctonia pistaciaecola. 237. Monoctonia vesicarii. 238. Monoctonus crepidis. 239. Monoctonus mali.

Figs 16–30. Antenna (♀): 16. Aphidius rhopalosiphi. 17. Aphidius rosae. 18. Aphidius salicis. 19. Aphidius setiger. 20. Aphidius smithi. 21. Aphidius stigmaticus. 22. Aphidius transcaspicus. 23. Aphidius urticae. 24. Aphidius uzbekistanicus. 25. Areopraon lepelleyi. 26. Binodoxys acalephae. 27. Binodoxys angelicae. 28. Binodoxys brevicornis. 29. Binodoxys heraclei. 30. Diaeretiella rapae.

Figs 302–316. Dorsal aspect of propodeum (♀): 302. Aphidius sonchi. 303. Aphidius stigmaticus. 304. Aphidius transcaspicus. 305. Aphidius uroleuci. 306. Aphidius urticae. 307. Aphidius uzbekistanicus. 308. Areopraon lepelleyi. 309. Betuloxys hortorum. 310. Binodoxys acalephae. 311. Binodoxys angelicae. 312. Binodoxys brevicornis. 313. Binodoxys centaureae. 314. Binodoxys heraclei. 315. Diaeretiella rapae. 316. Diaeretus leucopterus.

Figs 45–61. Antenna (♀): 45. Pauesia antennata. 46. Pauesia hazratbalensis. 47. Praon abjectum. 48. Praon absinthii. 49. Praon barbatum. 50. Praon bicolor. 51. Praon exsoletum. 52. Praon flavinode. 53. Praon gallicum. 54. Praon longicorne. 55. Praon necans. 56. Praon orpheusi. 57. Praon pubescens. 58. Praon rosaecola. 59. Praon unitum. 60. Praon volucre. 61. Praon yomenae.

Figs 332–346. Dorsal aspect of propodeum (♀): 332. Monoctonia pistaciaecola. 333. Monoctonia vesicarii. 334. Monoctonus crepidis. 335. Monoctonus mali. 336. Pauesia abietis. 337. Pauesia anatolica. 338. Pauesia antennata. 339. Pauesia cedrobii. 340. Pauesia hazratbalensis. 341. Pauesia picta. 342. Pauesia pini. 343. Pauesia silana. 344. Pauesia unilachni. 345. Praon abjectum. 346. Praon absinthii.

Figs 347–361. Dorsal aspect of propodeum (♀): 347. Praon athenaeum. 348. Praon barbatum. 349. Praon bicolor. 350. Praon exsoletum. 351. Praon flavinode. 352. Praon gallicum. 353. Praon longicorne. 354. Praon necans. 355. Praon nonveilleri. 356. Praon orpheusi. 357. Praon pubescens. 358. Praon rosaecola. 359. Praon unitum. 360. Praon uroleucon. 361. Praon volucre.

Figs 362–373. Dorsal aspect of propodeum (♀): 362. Praon yomenae. 363. Toxares deltiger. 364. Trioxys asiaticus. 365. Trioxys cirsii. 366. Trioxys complanatus. 367. Trioxys curvicaudus. 368. Trioxys metacarpalis. 369. Trioxys moshei. 370. Trioxys pallidus. 371. Trioxys pannonicus. 372. Trioxys quercicola. 373. Trioxys tanaceticola.

Figs 581–598. Lateral aspect of ♀ genitalia: 581. Pauesia silana. 582. Pauesia unilachni. 583. Praon abjectum. 584. Praon absinthii. 585. Praon athenaeum. 586. Praon barbatum. 587. Praon bicolor. 588. Praon exsoletum. 589. Praon flavinode. 590. Praon gallicum. 591. Praon longicorne. 592. Praon necans. 593. Praon nonveilleri. 594. Praon orpheusi. 595. Praon pubescens. 596. Praon rosaecola. 597. Praon unitum. 598. Praon uroleucon.

Figs 450–475. Dorsal aspect of petiole (♀): 450. Praon bicolor. 451. Praon exsoletum. 452. Praon flavinode. 453. Praon gallicum. 454. Praon longicorne. 455. Praon necans. 456. Praon nonveilleri. 457. Praon orpheusi. 458. Praon pubescens. 459. Praon rosaecola. 460. Praon unitum. 461. Praon uroleucon. 462. Praon volucre. 463. Praon yomenae. 464. Toxares deltiger. 465. Trioxys asiaticus. 466. Trioxys cirsii. 467. Trioxys complanatus. 468. Trioxys curvicaudus. 469. Trioxys metacarpalis. 470. Trioxys moshei. 471. Trioxys pallidus. 472. Trioxys pannonicus. 473. Trioxys pappi. 474. Trioxys quercicola. 475. Trioxys tanaceticola.

Figs 374–399. Dorsal aspect of petiole (♀): 374. Aclitus obscuripennis. 375. Adialytus ambiguus. 376. Adialytus salicaphis. 377. Adialytus thelaxis. 378. Adialytus veronicaecola. 379. Aphidius absinthii. 380. Aphidius arvensis. 381. Aphidius asteris. 382. Aphidius avenae. 383. Aphidius banksae. 384. Aphidius cingulatus. 385. Aphidius colemani. 386. Aphidius eadyi. 387. Aphidius eglanteriae. 388 Aphidius ervi. 389. Aphidius funebris. 390. Aphidius hieraciorum. 391. Aphidius iranicus. 392. Aphidius matricariae. 393. Aphidius microlophii. 394. Aphidius persicus. 395. Aphidius platensis. 396. Aphidius popovi. 397. Aphidius rhopalosiphi. 398. Aphidius ribis. 399. Aphidius rosae.

Figs 510–527. Lateral aspect of ♀ genitalia: 510. Aclitus obscuripennis. 511. Adialytus ambiguus. 512. Adialytus salicaphis. 513. Adialytus thelaxis. 514. Adialytus veronicaecola. 515. Aphidius absinthii. 516. Aphidius arvensis. 517. Aphidius asteris. 518. Aphidius avenae. 519. Aphidius banksae. 520. Aphidius cingulatus. 521. Aphidius colemani. 522. Aphidius eadyi. 523. Aphidius eglanteriae. 524. Aphidius ervi. 525. Aphidius funebris. 526. Aphidius hieraciorum. 527. Aphidius iranicus.

Figs 563–580. Lateral aspect of ♀ genitalia: 563. Lipolexis gracilis. 564. Lysiphlebus cardui. 565. Lysiphlebus confusus. 566. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 567. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 568. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 569. Lysiphlebus testaceipes. 570. Monoctonia pistaciaecola. 571. Monoctonia vesicarii. 572. Monoctonus crepidis. 573. Monoctonus mali. 574. Pauesia abietis. 575. Pauesia anatolica. 576. Pauesia antennata. 577. Pauesia cedrobii. 578. Pauesia hazratbalensis. 579. Pauesia picta. 580. Pauesia pini.

Figs 272–286. Dorsal aspect of propodeum (♀): 272. Aclitus obscuripennis. 273. Adialytus ambiguus. 274. Adialytus salicaphis. 275. Adialytus thelaxis. 276. Adialytus veronicaecola. 277. Aphidius absinthii. 278. Aphidius arvensis. 279. Aphidius asteris. 280. Aphidius avenae. 281. Aphidius banksae. 282. Aphidius cingulatus. 283. Aphidius colemani. 284. Aphidius eglanteriae. 285. Aphidius eadyi. 286. Aphidius ervi.

Figs 317–331. Dorsal aspect of propodeum (♀): 317. Ephedrus cerasicola. 318. Ephedrus chaitophori. 319. Ephedrus helleni. 320. Ephedrus lacertosus. 321. Ephedrus nacheri. 322. Ephedrus niger. 323. Ephedrus persicae. 324. Ephedrus plagiator. 325. Lipolexis gracilis. 326. Lysiphlebus cardui. 327. Lysiphlebus confusus. 328. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 329. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 330. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 331. Lysiphlebus testaceipes.

Figs 1–15. Antenna (♀): 1. Aclitus obscuripennis. 2. Adialytus ambiguus. 3. Adialytus salicaphis. 4. Adialytus thelaxis. 5. Adialytus veronicaecola. 6. Aphidius absinthii. 7. Aphidius arvensis. 8. Aphidius cingulatus. 9. Aphidius eadyi. 10. Aphidius ervi. 11. Aphidius funebris. 12. Aphidius matricariae. 13. Aphidius persicus. 14. Aphidius platensis. 15. Aphidius popovi.

Figs 476–487. Anterolateral aspect of petiole in Aphidius species (♀): 476. Aphidius absinthii. 477. Aphidius asteris. 478. Aphidius avenae. 479. Aphidius banksae. 480. Aphidius cingulatus. 481. Aphidius colemani. 482. Aphidius eadyi. 483. Aphidius ervi. 484. Aphidius funebris. 485. Aphidius matricariae. 486. Aphidius microlophii. 487. Aphidius persicus.

Figs 488–499. Anterolateral aspect of petiole in Aphidius species (♀): 488. Aphidius platensis. 489. Aphidius popovi. 490. Aphidius rhopalosiphi. 491. Aphidius rosae. 492. Aphidius salicis. 493. Aphidius setiger. 494. Aphidius smithi. 495. Aphidius stigmaticus. 496. Aphidius transcaspicus. 497. Aphidius uroleuci. 498. Aphidius urticae. 499. Aphidius uzbekistanicus.

Figs 528–545. Lateral aspect of ♀ genitalia: 528. Aphidius matricariae. 529. Aphidius microlophii. 530. Aphidius myzocallidis. 531. Aphidius persicus. 532. Aphidius platensis. 533. Aphidius popovi. 534. Aphidius rhopalosiphi. 535. Aphidius ribis. 536. Aphidius rosae. 537. Aphidius salicis. 538. Aphidius setiger. 539. Aphidius smithi. 540. Aphidius sonchi. 541. Aphidius stigmaticus. 542. Aphidius transcaspicus. 543. Aphidius uroleuci. 544. Aphidius urticae. 545. Aphidius uzbekistanicus.

Figs 287–301. Dorsal aspect of propodeum (♀): 287. Aphidius funebris. 288. Aphidius hieraciorum. 289. Aphidius iranicus. 290. Aphidius matricariae. 291. Aphidius microlophii. 292. Aphidius myzocallidis. 293. Aphidius persicus. 294. Aphidius platensis. 295. Aphidius popovi. 296. Aphidius rhopalosiphi. 297. Aphidius ribis. 298. Aphidius rosae. 299. Aphidius salicis. 300. Aphidius setiger. 301. Aphidius smithi.

Figs 500–509. Lateral aspect of hind femur in Adialytus and Lysiphlebus species (♀): 500. Adialytus ambiguus. 501. Adialytus salicaphis. 502. Adialytus thelaxis. 503. Adialytus veronicaecola. 504. Lysiphlebus cardui. 505. Lysiphlebus confusus. 506. Lysiphlebus desertorum. 507. Lysiphlebus fabarum. 508. Lysiphlebus fritzmuelleri. 509. Lysiphlebus testaceipes.