Bolua bursaensis Uluar & Çıplak, 2022

Uluar, Onur, Yahyaoğlu, Özgül & Çiplak, Battal, 2022, Anatolian endemic genus Bolua (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae): genetic and phenotypic data indicate inconsistent diversity and evolutionary patterns, Zootaxa 5195 (3), pp. 224-240 : 233-234

Bolua bursaensis Uluar & Çıplak sp. n.

( Figures 1 , 2 , 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 , 20, 23, 26 , 27 , 29, 30 , 31 ; Tables 1–5 )

LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:13680AA4-1996-44BD-B4E8-3A5A73F13094

Material examined: Holotype male, TURKEY, Bursa, Keleş-Inegöl Road , 39.93813°N, 29.34448°E, 1359m, 19.07.2009 (leg. B. Çıplak, S.Kaya & E.M. Korkmaz) ( MEVBIL); Paratypes 1 males, 2 females, same data as holotype; 1 male, 5 females, TURKEY, Kütahya, Domaniç-Inegöl Road , 39.86321°N, 29.64143°E, 1321m, 12.08.2010 (leg. B. Çıplak, S.Kaya & Z. Boztepe)( MEVBIL); 1 female (nymph), TURKEY, Kocaeli, İzmit, Ambarcı , 40.90281°N, 30.18606°E, 138m, 29.06.2018 (leg. B. Çıplak & S.Kaya) ( MEVBIL); 1 female (nymph), TURKEY, Kocaeli, Karayakuplu , 40.87708°N, 29.80807°E, 300m, 20.06.2016 (leg. B. Çıplak & S.Kaya) ( MEVBIL); 1 male, TURKEY, Bursa, Uludağ, Kirazlı Yayla , 1465m, 22.07.1998 ((leg. B. Çıplak) ( AUZM). Apart of the material listed here, the records of B. turkiyae from Bursa and Bilecik provinces of Turkey (see Figure 1 ) by Çıplak & Heller (2001) refer to this species.

Description and diagnosis: As documented in the ‘morphology’ part of the Results section, members of Bolua are similar in overall general appearance. Thus, the generic description can be applied to all species for certain features of the head, thorax, and abdomen ( Figures 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 , 20, 23, 26 , 27 , 29, 30 , 31 ; Tables 1–5 ). For this reason, all species are similar in general appearance except for the diagnostic character male cercus, and describing each structure in details is considered unnecessary.

The new species B. bursaensis sp. n. differs from the other new species B. balikesirensis sp. n. in the structure of the male cercus (tooth is near to middle in the first while in the beginning of apical 1/ 3 in the second; compare Figures 10 and 11 ). Apart from morphology, B. bursaensis sp. n. well differs from B. balikesirensis sp. n. in the male calling song. In the first species, the male calling song consists of irregular long sequences of regularly repeated syllables, while in the second the song is arranged in regularly repeated echemes consisting of 10–26 (mean 18) syllables. B. bursaensis sp. n. cannot be easily distinguished from the type species B. turkiyae by morphology. The only structure somewhat exhibits difference is the more robust male cercus (compare Figures 9 and 11 ) and relatively slender ovipositor (compare Figures 24 and 26 ) in the first species. Additionally, the PCA applied to female measurements distinguishes the new species from the type species. Apart from phenotypic characters, the new species corresponds to PG 3 in a phylogenetic tree, can be well distinguished by 76 unique mutations ( Figure 31 ). The high values of net pairwise distance and F ST with the other two also support its uniqueness as a species ( Table 3 ).

Sequence based species delimitation tests placed Bursa, Kütahya and Kocaeli (possibly also Bilecik) populations in the same species. Here we present the song of the Bursa and Kütahya populations.Although paternal characteristics are similar in these two populations, they are different in durations of opening and closing hemisyllables, and the number of pulses per closing hemisyllable ( Figures 29, 30 ). Although bPTP suggests one haplotype (but not the second) from Kütahya population as a separate species, we prefer to follow other species delimitation tests and to consider both as single species until more song data are available.

Etymology: The new species Bolua bursaensis sp. n. occurs along the Uludağ Mts, mainly located in Bursa Province and some associated altitudes extending into Kütahya, Bilecik, and Kocaeli provinces of Turkey ( Figure 1 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Bolua [for detail of the localities see material examined per species; Bolu(1), Kastamonu (2,3,4, 6), Karabük (5), Çankırı (7), Balıkesir (8), Bursa (9, 10), Kütahya (11) and Kocaeli (12, 13)]

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree, chronogram and taxonomic pattern obtained from the matrix constituted by concatenation of COI+NAD2+VAL+ITS sequences. The bootstrap (ML)/ posterior probability (BI) supports to the node are given above the node and the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) and the 95% HPD as million years below the node. The results from the species delimitation test are indicated by a bar line.

FIGURE 27. The PCA plots and trait contribution prepared from the metric data sets of male and female individuals belonging to Bolua

FIGURE 31. The ML tree showing unique base changes per phylogroups of Bolua, obtained by maximum parsimony analysis (the base position indicates by the position number in the concatenated matrix)

FIGURES 3–17. 3–5. Male head+pronotum+tegmina in Bolua (3—B. turkiyae, 4—B. balıkesirensis, 5—B. bursaensis; D— dorsal view, L—lateral view). 6–8. Male anal tergite in Bolua (6—B. turkiyae, 7—B. balıkesirensis, 8—B. bursaensis). 9–11. Male cercus in Bolua (9—B. turkiyae, 10—B. balıkesirensis, 11—B. bursaensis). 12–14. Male subgenital plate in Bolua (12—B. turkiyae, 13—B. balıkesirensis, 14—B. bursaensis). 15–17. Titillators in Bolua (15—B. turkiyae, 16—B. balıkesirensis, 17—B. bursaensis)

FIGURES 18–26. 18–20. Female head+pronotum+tegmina in Bolua (18—B. turkiyae, 19—B. balıkesirensis, 20—B. bursaensis; D—dorsal view, L—lateral view). 21–23. Female subgenital plate in Bolua (21—B. turkiyae, 22—B. balıkesirensis, 23—B. bursaensis; V—ventral view, L-lateral view). 24–26. Ovipositor in Bolua (24—B. turkiyae, 25—B. balıkesirensis, 26— B. bursaensis)

FIGURES 28–30. Song in Bolua (28—B. balikesirensis from Balıkesir; 29—and 30—B. bursaensis from Bursa and Kütahya, respectively; A, B and C show song at three different time scale)