Fistulococcus intsiae, Hodgson, Chris J. & Martin, And Jon H., 2005

Hodgson, Chris J. & Martin, And Jon H., 2005, Fistulococcus, a new genus of soft scale insect (Sternorrhyncha, Coccidae) proposed for two new species from Hong Kong and Papua New Guinea, Zootaxa 1075, pp. 1-40 : 27-39

Fistulococcus intsiae sp. nov.

Note: no residual unmounted material remains, with the result that no detailed observations on the appearance of unmounted specimens have been possible; but specimens were noted, in the field, as being surrounded by a patch of mealy wax on the leaf surface.

ADULT FEMALE ( Fig. 8 )

(Described from 2 specimens in good condition, paratype split into dorsum and venter).

As for generic diagnosis of adult female, with following additional details:

Mounted material: length 2.9–3.7 mm, width 1.3–1.8 mm. Anal cleft about 1/11th totalbody length, set at a distinct angle to body.

Dorsum: dermal areolations absent although areas of thinner derm present around each pore. Dorsal setae each about 2 µm long: slightly stouter setae along submargin probably restricted to between submarginal chambered ducts; absent on side away from chambered ducts; thinner setae sparsely distributed on more median areas of derm but perhaps most frequent submedially. Dorsal pores of three types: (i) small microductules, each about 2 µm wide: frequent wherever type (iii) absent, except in a longitudinal medial line and in some mediolateral areas; (ii) concave pores, significantly larger than microductule, each 4–5 m wide, with a well developed inner ductule: present more or less throughout but most abundant submedially and submarginally, and (iii) preopercular pores small and sclerotised, each about 3–4 µm wide: fairly abundant in two broad bands extending anteriorly from anal plates onto head but not reaching submargin laterally. Submarginal chambered ducts: each large duct about 65–72 µm long and 10–12 µm wide, with 8–13 satellite, funnel­shaped pores in an inverted U around outer end of duct, plus 1–5 short, stout setae, similar to submarginal dorsal setae; on curved margin with 6 between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 3 or 4 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 11 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; straighter margin with 1 or 2 at anterior end and 4 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 154–158 µm long, combined widths 120 µm; each with four strong setae: anterior inner margin setae 34–43 m, posterior inner margin setae 49–55 µm long, apical setae 58–60 µm long, and outer margin seta 34–43 µm long. Anogenital fold with 4 setae along lateral margins, longest 63–66 m; anal ring with 6 setae, longest perhaps 245–250 µm long.

Margin: marginal setae each 25–35 µm long; with, on curved margin, 90–95 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 53–55 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 155–160 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on straighter side: 98–104 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 58–60 between clefts laterally, and 177–196 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts each with 2 short setae, each 8–16 (mainly 8–12) m long; clefts otherwise as per diagnosis.

Ven te r: preanal disc­pores scarce, with totals of about 13–17 on segment VII, 5 or 6 on VI, 6 or 7 on V and 5 on IV. Spiracular disc­pores: with about 22–38 in each band on curved side and 8–10 on short side; rarely with 1 mesad to peritreme. Ventral microducts sparse, most frequent submarginally. Ventral setae: with a single pair of long setae on segment VII, each 100–125 m long, otherwise with bands of 2–10 setae across abdominal segments II–VII, those on anterior segments longest, each 16–35 µm (posterior setae each 10–16 m); also with a band of 5–7 anal cleft setae along each submargin at anterior end of anal cleft; with 3 or 4 pairs short setae + 1 pair of long interantennal setae near each scape + 1 or 2 medially. Antennae 6 segmented but segment III with 2 pseudosegments; each antenna 285–295 µm long; setae as in diagnosis; terminal stiff seta 28–33 µm; longest hair–like seta 75–80 µm. Mouthparts: clypeolabral shield 130–140 µm. Spiracles: width of peritremes: anterior 33–35 µm wide, posterior 40–45 µm. Legs; length of metathoracic leg (µm): coxa 168–185; trochanter + femur 240; tibia + tarsus 188–230; claw 26–30; segmentation between tibia and tarsus distinct, with a small tibio­tarsal articulatory sclerosis; setal distribution: coxa 5–7; trochanter 3; femur 3 or 4; tibia 4–7; tarsus 4 or 5.

Comment. Adult female F. intsiae are easily separable from those of F. pokfulamensis in the following characters (characters states for F. pokfulamensis in brackets): possessing small stigmatic spines (absent); legs well­developed, each with a small articulatory sclerosis between tibia and tarsus (legs much reduced, with little or no indication of segmentation between tibia and tarsus).

3RD­INSTAR FEMALE ( Fig. 9 )

(Described from 4 specimens in fair to good condition).

As for generic diagnosis for adult female, with the following additional details:

Mounted material: as for adult female; length 1.6–2.1 mm, width 0.7–0.94 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1/15th total­body length.

Dorsum: dorsal setae each about 2–3 m long, basal socket width subequal to length of setae: rather stouter setae in a sparse submarginal band, generally with 1 or 2 between each pair of submarginal chambered ducts; perhaps entirely absent from submargin without chambered ducts; thinner setae fairly frequent in two submedial lines, plus a few others scattered elsewhere. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules, each slightly oval, heavily sclerotised and about 2–3 m wide: most abundant submarginally but frequent throughout, and (ii) larger concave pores, each about 3–5 m wide, with short, broad inner ductules: most abundant submarginally and in 2 submedial lines but frequent throughout, possibly in a reticulate pattern; preopercular pores absent. Submarginal chambered ducts: each large duct about 55–60 m long and 7–8 m wide; chambered duct opening on dorsum similar to that on adult female, each with 1–3 setae and a total of 7–10 satellite pores; mainly restricted to one margin, where 4 present between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 2 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 5 or 6 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 2 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 100 m long, combined widths 80–85 m; length of setae (m): anterior inner margin setae 25–30, posterior inner margin setae 25–34, apical seta 33–35 and outer margin seta about 25–30. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female, anal ring with 6 setae, 2 longer pairs each about 145–155 m long, other 2 setae much shorter. Eyespots not detected.

Margin: marginal setae each 15–20 m long; with, on margin with chambered ducts: 60–64 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 29–33 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 88–94 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on margin without ducts: 51–57 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 29–32 between clefts laterally, and 114 or 115 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts each with 2 short stigmatic spines, as on adult female.

Ven te r: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores each with mainly 5 outer loculi (range 2–5) plus a distinct small inner loculus: few, in quite broad bands between spiracle and margin, with 6 or 7 (0 on 1 specimen) in each anterior band and 3–6 in each posterior band; with none mesad to each peritreme. Ventral microducts sparse more or less throughout, most abundant in a submarginal ring. Ventral setae: abdominal segments II–VI with 1–6 setae medially and 1 seta submedially on each side; segment VII with 1 pair of long setae (each about 63–66 m long) medially + 1 short seta on either side of anal cleft. Antennae 6 segmented; each antenna 175–185 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 23–26 m; longest hair­like seta 40– 57 m. Mouthparts clearly slightly displaced to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 105–120 m long; labium twisted through 90° and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 20–25 m wide. Legs normal in size: length of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 110–122; trochanter + femur 145–150; tibia 67–72, tarsus 75–78 (tibio­tarsal segmentation distinct); claw 17–20; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 2; femur 1 or 2; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 4. Claw normal, with a distinct denticle; claw digitules subequal in size.

Comment. Third­instar female F. intsiae can quickly be separated from those of F. pokfulamensis in having: (i) stigmatic spines; (ii) well­developed legs, and (iii) many fewer submarginal chambered ducts (total 12 or 13 as against about 21 on F. pokfulamensis ). In addition, each submarginal chambered duct has many fewer setae (1–3 as against 1–7 (mostly 4+) on F. pokfulamensis ).

2ND­INSTAR FEMALE ( Fig. 10 )

(Described from 5 specimens in fair to good condition).

As for generic diagnosis of adult female, with the following additional details:

Mounted material: length 1.0– 1.55 mm, width 0.47–0.78 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1/ 15th total­body length.

Dorsum: derm without areolations. Dorsal setae extremely short, each about 2–2.5 m long: rather scarce, mainly in two submedial lines of about 9+ setae between anal plates and head but also with 2 or 3 more laterally; absent submarginally between submarginal chambered ducts. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 1.5–2 m wide: most abundant submarginally but generally scarce, and (ii) larger concave pore, each about 3–4 m wide: frequent in a submarginal and a two submedial bands; preopercular pores absent. Submarginal chambered ducts: each large duct about 45–55 m long and 7–8 m wide; duct opening similar to that on adult female but with only 1 or 2 setae and 5–7 satellite pores; distribution: almost restricted to one margin, where 1 or 2 between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 1 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 4 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 1 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 58–63 m long, combined widths about 60 m; length of setae (m) anterior inner margin seta 16–20, posterior inner margin seta about 20–22, apical seta 23–27 and outer margin seta about 21–23. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female; anal ring with 3 pairs of setae, 2 pairs long (each 90 –100 m long) and 1 pair rather shorter. Eyespot not detected.

Margin: marginal setae each 10–17 m long; distribution: margin with chambered ducts with 34–36 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 17–19 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 56 or 57 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; margin without ducts with 36–40 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 14–19 between clefts laterally, and 58–64 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as on adult female.

Ven te r: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with mainly 5 outer loculi (range 3–5); inner loculus small or absent: few, in narrow bands between spiracle and margin, with 2–5 in each anterior band and 3 or 4 in each posterior band; with none extending medially around each spiracle. Ventral microducts very sparse, mainly submarginal. Ventral setae: with 2–4 small seta submedially on abdominal segments III–VI, plus a pair of longer setae on segment VII, each 35–40 m long, and 0 or 1 small setae on each side of anal opening. Antennae 6 segmented; each antenna 130–140 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 19–23 m; longest hair­like seta 43– 45 m. Mouthparts slightly displaced to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 94–97 m long; labium twisted through 90× and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 13–17 m wide. Legs normal in size; length of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 70–80; trochanter + femur 85–95; tibia 44–52; tarsus 50–53 (some tarsi possibly malformed); claw 15–17; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 2; femur 2; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 3 or 4. Claw as on adult female.

Comment. Second­instar female F. intsiae can quickly be separated from those of F. pokfulamensis in having: (i) stigmatic spines; (ii) well­developed legs, and (iii) many fewer submarginal chambered ducts (total 6 or 7 as against 12 on F. pokfulamensis ).

1ST­INSTAR (sex not determined) ( Fig. 11 )

(Described from 2 specimens in fair to good condition).

Mounted material: body rounded at both ends, showing only slight signs of asymmetry; length 0.85–1.15 mm, width 0.42–0.58 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1/14th length of body.

Dorsum: derm membranous. Dorsal setae extremely short, each about 2 m long, subequal or marginally longer than width of basal socket: scarce, possibly restricted to a pair submedially on each thoracic segment. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 2 m wide: probably restricted to 3 pairs submedially on abdomen, approximately on segments 2, 4 and 5, and (ii) a pair of slightly larger pores, structure unclear but possibly trilocular, each about 4 m wide, near anterior margin of head. Submarginal "chambered" ducts unlike those on older instars, each membranous with a lightly sclerotised dermal pore and a more heavily sclerotised inner end; each "duct" about 6–7 m long, with a shorter thin inner ductule about 3 m long; duct opening on dorsum simple, without either setae or satellite pores, and without oval thickening on inner margins (as on F. pokfulamensis ); ducts similarly distributed on both sides as follows (on each side): 4 between stigmatic clefts anteriorly; 1 between stigmatic clefts laterally; 1 opposite posterior stigmatic cleft, and 4 between posterior stigmatic clefts and anal cleft; each duct surrounded by an oval area of less sclerotised derm. Anal plates each 42–44 m long, combined widths about 43 m; each with four setae, length of setae (m): anterior and posterior inner margin setae and outer margin setae all about 11–14, apical seta 170–175. Anogenital fold with 1 long and perhaps 1 short seta on each side, longest seta about 20 m long; anal ring with 6 setae, each perhaps about 50 m long.

Margin: marginal setae each 13–18 m long, with 8 anteriorly between eyespots, 6 or 7 on each side between eyespots and anterior stigmatic cleft; 3–5 on each side between stigmatic clefts laterally and 13–15 on each side between posterior stigmatic clefts and anal cleft (with a slight tendency for fewer setae on straighter margin). Stigmatic clefts distinct, each U­shaped with a sclerotised margin, with 2 setae on dorsal margin, each 10–13 m long. Anal cleft with some light sclerotisation along margins on one specimen. Eyespots on margin.

Ven te r: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with 2–5 loculi, possibly without an inner loculus: few, in a line between spiracle and margin, with 2 or 3 in each anterior band and 3 or 4 in each posterior band; with none mesad to each peritreme. Ventral microducts not detected. Ventral setae: sparse; with 2 bands of small setae (possibly segmentally arranged) submarginally on abdominal segments; longer preanal setae on segment VII each 30–37 m long; with a single submarginal seta laterally between stigmatic clefts; with a single pair of interantennal setae, each about 35 m long. Antennae 6 segmented; each antenna 157–165 m long; setal distribution as on adult female, but flagellate seta on segment V long ­ up to about 60 m; terminal stiff seta about 30 m; longest hair­like seta about 85 m long. Clypeolabral shield not displaced to one side, 70 m long; labium twisted through 90° on both specimens; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 7–12 m wide. Legs relatively well developed; length of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 43–48; trochanter + femur 64–66; tibia 42; tarsus 33; claw 13–15; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 2; femur 2; tibia 2 or 3; tarsus 5; length of long coxal setae 33 m; length of long trochanter setae 30– 32 m. Tarsal digitules on meso­ and meta­thoracic legs staggered, dissimilar, one much longer and stouter than other, shorter digitule with a smaller apical knob; digitules on prothoracic leg also dissimilar, with one large digitule plus a short setose digitule (not discernable on some legs). Claw digitules dissimilar, one stouter than other, both longer than claw. Claw long and narrow, with a distinct denticle.

Comment. This instar differs from the 1st­instar of F. pokfulamensis in several important respects. F. intsiae has two stigmatic spines (absent on F. pokfulamensis ); a different arrangement of dorsal tubular (chambered) ducts, with each duct of slightly different in structure from those on F. pokfulamensis ; and fewer marginal setae (a total of 26–31 on F. intsiae , 44–50 on F. pokfulamensis ).

Although only 2 specimens were available for study, it was clear that the arrangement of the setae on the metatibia were different on the two specimens. Perhaps this is a sexually dimorphic character? As far as the authors are aware, dorsal ducts of any sort have not been recorded on 1st­instar nymphs previously. The crawlers of Fistulococcus species are otherwise fairly typical 1st­instar Coccidae .

2ND­INSTAR MALE ( Fig. 12 )

(Described from 4 specimens in good condition and with reference to another 7.

As for generic diagnosis for adult female, with the following additional details:

Mounted material: length 1.0– 1.95 mm, width 0.48–0.8 mm. Anal cleft short, about 1/ 15th total­body length.

Dorsum: derm without areolations. Dorsal setae each about 2 m long, subequal to width of socket; absent submarginally on both margins; possibly restricted to 2 submedial lines, each with about 12 setae. Dorsal pores of two types: (i) microductules each about 2 m wide: frequent throughout, and (ii) larger concave pore, each about 4–5 m wide: frequent throughout. Dorsal tubular ducts present in a distinct pattern, each duct quite long (marginal ducts: outer ductule about 20 m, inner ductule 11–13 m; more medial ducts: outer ductule about 14 m, inner ductule 7–9 m), with a large terminal gland: present in a submarginal ring except for about posterior 1/8–1/10 of abdomen (total around margin about 46–60), also in two elongate rows submedially extending from just anterior to anal plates to about dorsad to antennae (total about 25–36); also in 4 pairs of radial lines, one pair on head, two between stigmatic clefts on thorax and another about 2/3 down abdomen, each transverse band with 3–5 ducts; with a small group of about 4 ducts in submedian group where posterior radial band meets medial bands. Submarginal chambered ducts: each duct about 53–58 m long, 7–8 m wide; duct opening similar to that on adult female, each with 1 or 2 setae and 8–12 satellite pores; distribution: margin away from leaf vein with 3 ducts between apex of body and anterior stigmatic cleft; 1 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 6 between posterior stigmatic cleft and anal cleft; other margin with 1 posteriorly near anal cleft, otherwise completely absent. Anal plates each 65–68 m long, combined widths 55–58 m; length of setae (m): anterior inner margin setae 18–22, posterior inner margin setae 25–30, apical seta 30–36 and outer margin seta each 25–30. Anogenital fold and anal ring as on adult female; longest 4 setae on anal ring each about 100–105 m long, other 2 setae much shorter. Eyespot not detected.

Margin: marginal setae each 15–20 m long; with, on margin away from leaf vein, 58–61 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 25–28 between stigmatic clefts laterally, and 75–92 between posterior cleft and anal cleft; on margin against leaf vein: 44–55 between apex and anterior stigmatic cleft; 23–26 between clefts laterally, and 87–97 between posterior cleft and anal cleft. Stigmatic clefts as on adult female, each with two short stigmatic spines, 6–12 m long.

Ven te r: preanal disc­pores absent. Spiracular disc­pores with mainly 5 outer loculi (range 2–6) and a distinct small inner loculus: few, with 3–6 in each anterior band and 4 or 5 in each posterior band; with none extending medially around each spiracle. Ventral microducts very sparsely distributed, mainly submarginal and on head. Ventral setae: with 2–6 small setae submedially on abdominal segments II–VI, plus 1 pair of longer setae on segment VII, each 50–60 m long. Antennae 6 segmented but segment III with an obscure pseudosegment; each antenna 149–155 m long; setal distribution as on adult female; terminal stiff seta 20–24 m; longest hair­like seta 45–60 m long. Mouthparts displaced to one side but normally developed; clypeolabral shield 100–105 m long; labium twisted through 90° and pointing laterally; probably with 4 pairs of setae. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 15–19 m wide. Legs normal in size; length of metathoracic leg (m): coxa 78–87; trochanter + femur 104–110; tibia 50–55, tarsus 50–60; claw 14–17; setal distribution: coxa 5; trochanter 2; femur 2; tibia 3; tarsus 3 or 4. Claw similar to that on adult female; claw digitules subequal in size.

Comment. Second­instar male F. intsiae are easily separated from those of F. pokfulamensis in having: (i) stigmatic spines, and (ii) well­developed legs. In addition, each submarginal chambered duct has many fewer setae (1–2 as against 3–9 on F. pokfulamensis ).

The distribution of the tubular ducts on the dorsum is similar to that on Marsipococcus marsupialis (Green) ( Miller & Williams, 1997) , also included by Hodgson (1994) in the Paralecaniini.

The two small groups of tubular ducts at the median end of each posterior radial band of ducts probably secrete the "hinges" which allow the posterior part of the glassy test to open, so that the male can emerge, as suggested for other similar tests on New Zealand Coccidae by Henderson & Rhode (2001).

Material examined: HOLOTYPE adult female: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Province coast, Lasanga Island, nr. Buso (7° 25´S, 147° 15´E), on Intsia bijuga ( Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae ), 7.xi.1979, J.H. Martin #2818 ( BMNH) (on slide with 1 third­instar female and 3 second­instar males). PARATYPES: data as for holotype, 6 slides (including slide with holotype) with the following: 1 adult female, 4 third­instar females, 5 secondinstar females, 11 second­instar males, 2 first­instar nymphs ( BMNH).

Figures

FIGURE 8. Fistulococcus intsiae. Adult female. Unless otherwise stated, in this figure and in Figs. 2 to 11 inclusive, A = dorsal chambered duct; B = satellite pore to dorsal chambered duct; C = dorsal seta; D = dorsal concave pore; E = dorsal microductule; F = preopercular pore; G = dorsal tubular duct; H = dorsal view of anal plates; J = ventral view of anal area; K = marginal seta; L = spiracular disc­pore; M = preanal disc­pores; N = ventral microduct; P = stigmatic cleft; Q = antenna; R = metathoracic leg; S = preantennal pore, and T = portion of dorsal derm.

FIGURE 9. Fistulococcus intsiae. Third­instar female nymph. For lettering, see Fig. 8, except M = ventral setae.

FIGURE 10. Fistulococcus intsiae. Second­instar female nymph. For lettering, see Fig. 8.

FIGURE 11. Fistulococcus intsiae. First­instar nymph (sex not determined). For lettering, see Fig. 8 except that A = 1 st­instar form of dorsal chambered duct, and D = dorsal " trilocular " pore.

FIGURE 12. Fistulococcus intsiae. Second­instar male nymph. For lettering see Fig 8 except M = ventral seta.