Philydrodes (Minyphilydrodes) tridentatus Shavrin

Shavrin, Alexey V., 2017, Five new species of the genus Philydrodes Bernhauer, 1929 from China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini), Zootaxa 4231 (2), pp. 169-186 : 172-179

Philydrodes (Minyphilydrodes) tridentatus Shavrin , sp.n.

( Figs. 1 , 6 ¯32, 58)

Type material examined: Holotype ♂: HUBEI PROVINCE: ‘ CHINA: W-Hubei Daba | Shan crk. Valley 8 km | NW Muyuping 31°29ʹN’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘110°22ʹE 1550–1650m | 18.VII.2001 | A. Smetana [C115a]’ <C115a = creek in a mixed forest; specimens taken by sifting moist to soaking wet moss on large rocks in the creek; A. Smetana, pers. com.)>, <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ HOLOTYPE | Philydrodes (Minyphilydrodes) | tridentatus sp.n. | Shavrin A.V. des. 2016’ <red rectangular label, printed> ( NSMT) .

Paratypes: GANSU PROVINCE: 2 ♂ , 1 ♀: ‘ CHINA , Gansu, Dalijia | Shan , 46 km W Linxia | 2980m, 10.VII.1994 | A. Smetana [C5]’ <C5 = small river in a pasture formation; specimens were taken from under stones quite close to the water, and from soaking wet moss; A. Smetana, pers. com.>, <rectangular label, printed> (1 ♂: NSMT; 1 ♀: CNC; 1 ♂: cS) ; 1 ♂: ‘ CHINA: Gabsu province , | LAZIKOU pass, 3180 m, | 34°13.8ʹN 103°54.0ʹE | (GPS), 29.VI.2005, | J. Hájek, D. Král & | J. Růžička leg. [Ch 9]’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘individually under stones, | in excrements and on | vegetation along the | stream; on flowering | bushes; grasslands’ <rectangular label, printed> ( MNHUB) ; SHAANXI PROVINCE: 2 ♂ [The preparation of aedeagus, abdominal tergite VIII and sternite VIII, and apical abdominal segment on plastic card with Canadian balsam was attached under the card with beetle]: ‘ CHINA: Border Shaanxi - | Sichuan (Daba Shan), pass 20 km | SSE Zhenping , 1700 – 1800m, | 31° 44ʹN, 109° 35ʹ E, 9. VII. 2001, | leg. M. Schülke [C01-07]’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘young dry mixed forest, | field edge, small creek valley | moss (sifted) [C01-07]’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Sammlung | M. Schülke | Berlin’ <rectangular label, printed> ( MNHUB) ; HUBEI PROVINCE: 1 ♂ [The body was partly dissected: preparations of mouthparts and aedeagus were made in two plastic cards attached under the card with beetle] , 4 ♀ [Abdomen of one female was dissected: the preparation of apical abdominal segment, sternite VIII and tergite VIII in Canadian balsam was attached on a plastic card under the card with beetle]: same data as the holotype (1 ♀: BMNH; 2 ♀: NSMT: 1 ♂: cS; 1 ♀: CNC) ; 14 ♂ [The body of one male was dissected: head, pronotum, scutellum, elytra and abdomen was glued on a separate card; two separate preparations in Canadian balsam made in two (mouthparts and aedeagus, abdominal tergite VIII and sternite VIII, apical segment) plastic cards are attached under the card with the beetle; one male with the preparation of aedeagus, abdominal tergite VIII and sternite VIII, and apical abdominal segment on plastic card with Canadian balsam was attached under the card with specimen], 15 ♀: ‘ CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan) | creek valley 8 km NW Muyuping , | 31°29ʹ N, 110°22ʹ E, 1550 - | 1650 m, 18. VII. 2001, | leg. M. Schülke [C01-16A]’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘creek valley, deciduous | forest, moss | (sifted) [C01-16A]’, <rectangular label, printed>,‘ Museum für Naturkunde | Berlin | Sammlung M. Schülke’ (1 ♂, 1 ♀: BMNH: 7 ♂, 9 ♀: cSch; 1 ♂: CNC: 1 ♂, 1 ♀: NSMT; 4 ♂, 4 ♀ - cS) ; 1 ♂ [without left antennomeres IX–XI, left middle and hind legs]: ‘ CHINA: W Hubei Daba | Shan crk.valley 8 km | NW Muyuping 31°29ʹN’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘110°22ʹE 1550–1650m | 18.VII.2001 | A. Smetana [C115b]’ <C115b = sifting wet debris and fallen leaves in the spray zone of a small waterfall; A. Smetana, pers. comm.>, <rectangular label, printed> ( NSMT) ; 2 ♀: ‘ CHINA: W-Hubei Daba | Shan mtn. Range NE | Muyuping crk.valley’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ 4km N Muyuping | 1700m 21.7.[20]01 | A.Smetana [C116]’ <creek in a mixed forest; specimens taken by sifting moist to soaking wet moss on large rocks in the creek; A. Smetana, pers. comm.>, <rectangular label, printed> (1 ♀: NSMT; 1 ♀: cS) ; 4 ♂, 4 ♀: ‘ CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan) | mountain range NE Muyuping, | pass 12 km N Muyuping , | 31°32ʹN, 110°26ʹ E, 2380 m, | leg. M. Schülke [C01-15]’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ 17. VII. 2001, | N pass, N- slope with young | deciduous forest, bank of | small creek, moss | (sifted) [C01-15]’ <rectangular label, printed> (3 ♂, 3 ♀: cSch; 1 ♂, 1 ♀: cS) ; 1 ♂, 3 ♀: ‘ CHINA: W-Hubei (Daba Shan) | pass E of Mt. Da Shennongjia , | 12 km NW Muyuping, 31°30ʹ N, | 110°21ʹE, 22. VII. 2001, | leg. M. Schülke [C01-13E]’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘dry creek valley, mixed deciduous | forest, dead wood, mushrooms | moss, 1950 – 2050 m (sifted) | [C01- 13E]’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Museum für Naturkunde | Berlin | Sammlung M. Schülke’ (cSch) ; SICHUAN PROVINCE: 1 ♂: ‘ CHINA : Sichuan Prov., | 22 km NE Baoxing, | Dengchigou Monastery , | 13.VI. 2014, 1650– 1800 m, | 30°32.1–33.2ʹN 102°56.4–7ʹE,’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Individually from vegetation, | along newly constructed road | below monastery, | J.Hájek, J.Růžička & M. Tkoč’ <rectangular label, printed> ( NMPC) ; 1 ♀: ‘ CHINA: Sichuan Prov., | 37 km N Baoxing, Qiao Qi vill. | Jiajin Shan Nat. Forest Park, | 14.–16.VI.2014, 2480 m, | 30°41.2ʹN 102°42.3ʹE,’ <rectangular label, printed>, ‘ Individually from vegetation; | flowering ’; marsh; along stream; in horse dungs | J.Hájek, J.Růžička & M. Tkoč’ <rectangular label, printed> ( NMPC) .

All paratypes with my additional label: ‘ PARATYPE | Philydrodes (Minyphilydrodes) | tridentatus sp.n. | Shavrin A.V. des. 2016’ <red rectangular label, printed>.

Description. Measurements (n=26): WH: 0.75–0.90; LH: 0.50–0.71; LA (holotype): 2.25; LE: 0.23¯0.30; LT: 0.12¯0.20; LPM/WPM (holotype): III: 0.22 × 0.08, IV: 0.07 × 0.03; LP: 0.60–0.87; WPMax: 0.65–0.85; WPMin: 0.50–0.70; LEl: 1.25–1.75; WE: 1.35–1.95; WA: 1.37¯1.95; LMTb: 0.95–1.50; LMTr: 0.30–0.55; LAed: 0.76– 0.85; TL: 3.80–5.02 (holotype: 4.69).

Body brown to brown black, apical part of abdomen from tergite VII to apex, sometimes pronotum and elytra reddish brown; mandibular palpomere 3, antennae and legs yellow brown to red brown; mouthparts, bases of antennomeres 1¯2 (or 1¯3) and tarsi yellow brown to reddish brown; ocelli and sometimes apical tarsomere yellow. Punctation of head regular, small, very indistinct on background with coarse microsculpure; punctation of pronotum distinctly larger and deeper than that on head, denser near basal and apical margins, with small oval impunctate area in medio-basal portion; scutellum without punctures; punctation of elytra denser and larger than that on pronotum, sometimes coarser in anterior third, interspaces between punctures in median part of each elytron as diameter of 2¯3 punctures; abdomen with fine regular punctation. Body glossy; head with very coarse coriaceous microsculpture with isodiametric cells, diameter of two cells in median part of infraorbital ridges subequal to diameter of facete of eye, anterior portion of interocellar impression with more large and flattened microsculpture, somewhat coarser and smaller above antennal insertion and flattened and very indistinct on clypeus; microsculpture of pronotum less coarse, sometimes indistinct on median part of disc of pronotum and coarser in apical portion, narrow band along basal margin with more coarse microsculpture than that on median part of head; scutellum with coarse coriaceous microsculpture in basal and median parts gradually smoothing apicad; elytra without microsculpture; abdomen with dense fine isodiametric microsculpture. Forebody with moderately long and sparse goldish outstanding pubescence, abdomen with short, fine adjoining goldish pubescence. Habitus as in Fig. 1 .

Head subquadrate, 1.2¯1.5 times as broad as long, with moderately convex posterior parts of infraorbital ridges; postocular parts arcuate, gradually constricted toward neck; gular sutures almost united to each other in middle (see ventral aspect of head in Fig. 11 ). Eyes moderately large and convex, 1.5–1.9 times longer than temples. Ocelli large, located in inner posterior sides of infraorbital ridge, distance between ocelli subequal to distance between ocellus and posterior margin of eye. Labrum as in Fig. 6 . Mandibles slender, distinctly curved in apical third, as in Fig. 7 . Labium as in Fig. 9 . Submentum as in Fig. 10 . Maxillary palp segment 3 slightly more than three times longer than apical (4th) segment; maxilla as in Fig. 8 . Antennae reaching apical third of elytra when reclined; apical antennomere sometimes with indistinct median constriction; antennomeres with lengths widths (holotype): 1: 0.37 0.10; 2: 0.17 0.07; 3: 0.25 0.07; 4: 0.17 0.08; 5–7: 0.20 0.08; 8: 0.22 0.09; 9–10: 0.20 0.09; 11: 0.27 0.08.

Pronotum convex and narrow, 1.05–1.2 times narrower than head, slightly broader than long, widest in anterior third, gradually narrowing basally toward obtuse angles, with small indistinct transverse depression at middle before posterior margin; lateral sides of pronotum without depressions; anterior margin of pronotum slightly rounded; prothorax as in Fig. 12 . Mesothorax moderately narrow, as in Fig. 14 . Scutellum large and subtriangular, as in Fig. 13 . Metathorax broad, with deep mesocoxal cavities, intercoxal process extending to mesosternal process ( Fig. 15 ). Metendosternite as in Fig. 16 . Elytra twice as long as pronotum, flattened, transverse, slightly broader than long, gradually widened from shoulders to widely rounded apex, with moderately narrow epipleura; hind margins of elytra slightly truncate; ventral aspect of elytron as in Fig. 17 . Legs ( Figs. 18–20 ) slender; metarsomere 1/3rd length of metatibia ( Fig. 20 ); protarsus as in Fig. 21 , mesotarsus as in Fig. 22 , metatarsus as in Fig. 23 .

Male. Protarsomeres widened ( Fig. 21 ). Head slightly wider than pronotum. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII straight ( Fig. 24 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII with moderately deep emargination ( Fig. 25 ). Male genital segment as in Fig. 26 . Aedeagus ( Figs. 30, 32 ) with moderately wide phallobase, narrowing in median part toward apex, forming two short latero-apical and extended apical projections with rounded apices; parameres thin, slightly shorter than apical projection of median lobe, with two apical and two latero-apical short setae; aedeagus with strongly sclerotized elongated dorsal lancet-shaped apically lobe exceeding apex of apical projection of median lobe, with very thin flagellum within it; endophallus with two paired elongated apical structures and two short transverse fields of thorns. Aedeagus laterally as in Fig. 31 .

Female. Protarsomeres not widened. Head distinctly wider than pronotum. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII rounded ( Fig. 27 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII with shallow emargination ( Fig. 28 ). Female genital segment as in Fig. 29 .

Comparative notes. Based on the general shape of apical part of the median lobe of aedeagus, Ph. tridentatus sp.n. is similar to Ph. tibetanus sp.n. (Yunnan) and Ph. wrasei sp.n. (Sichuan). From Ph. tibetanus sp.n. it differs by the larger phallobase and wider median lobe of aedeagus, by the shape of dorsal lobe and by the significantly narrower dorsal lobes; habitually, it differs by the less distinct punctation of head, by the larger punctation of pronotum and by the slightly wider pronotum. From Ph. wrasei sp.n. it differs by the wider phallobase, longer latero-apical and apical projections, shorter parameres and dorsal lobe; additionally, it differs by the distinctly narrowing temples (temples of Ph. wrasei sp.n. moderately wide), by the wider pronotum and by the longer elytra.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin tri (three) and dentatus (tooth), referring to the shape of the apical portion of the median lobe of the aedeagus, forming two lateral and apical rounded projections.

Distribution. The new species is known from several locations ( Fig. 58 ) in Daba-Shan range, Hubei and Shaanxi, and Dalijia Shan range, Gansu, China.

Bionomics. The species inhabits wet mosses on banks of small streams in mixed forests; specimens were taken by sifting of moist mosses, debris and fallen leaves. Occasionally, some specimens were collected in excrements, dead wood and mushrooms. The species is recorded from elevations between 1550 m a.s.l. to 3180 m a.s.l. The beetles were collected from June to July.

Figures

FIGURE 58. Distribution of Philydrodes in China: Ph. tridentatus (black circles), Ph. michaeli (black star), Ph. reticulatus (black square), Ph. tibetanus (black rhomb), Ph. wrasei (black triangle).

FIGURES 1 – 5. Habitus of Philydrodes: 1 — Ph. tridentatus, holotype, 2 — Ph. michaeli, paratype, 3 — Ph. reticulatus, paratype, 4 — Ph. tibetanus, holotype, 5 — Ph. wrasei, paratype. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 6 – 10. Mouthparts (dorsal view) of Philydrodes tridentatus: 6 — labrum, 7 — mandibles (left and right), 8 — maxilla (right), 9 — labium, 10 — submentum. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 11 – 23. Body parts of Philydrodes tridentatus (paratype, male): 11 — ventral aspect of head, 12 — ventral aspect of prothorax, 13 — scutellum (dorsal view), 14 — ventral aspect of mesothorax, 15 — ventral aspect of metathorax, 16 — metendosternite (ventral view), 17 — ventral aspect of elytron, 18 — fore leg (anterior view), 19 — middle leg (anterior view), 20 — hind leg (anterior view), 21 — protarsus (dorsal view), 22 — mesotarsus (dorsal view), 23 — metatarsus (dorsal view). Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 24 – 29. Abdominal segments of Philydrodes tridentatus: 24 — male tergite VIII, 25 — male sternite VIII, 26 — male genital segment, 27 — female tergite VIII, 28 — female sternite VIII, 29 — female genital segment. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 30 – 35. Aedeagus of Philydrodes tridentatus (30 ‾ 32: paratype) and Ph. tibetanus (33 ‾ 35: paratype): 30, 33 — parameral view, 31, 34 — lateral view, 32, 35 — ventral view. Scale bars 0.1 mm.