Triphora portoricensis Rolán & Redfern, 2008

Fernandes, Maurício R. & Pimenta, Alexandre D., 2015, Five new species and two records of Triphorinae (Caenogastropoda, Triphoridae) from Brazil, Zootaxa 4012 (3), pp. 493-513 : 505-511

Triphora portoricensis Rolán & Redfern, 2008

( Figure 6 )

Iniforis sp.: Redfern (2001: 66, plate 33, figures 278A–B).

“ Triphora ” portoricensis Rolán & Redfern in Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008: 158, figures 32A–E); Redfern (2013: 127, figures 358A–B).

Type material. Holotype: FLMNH 363895. Paratype: BMSM 55395 [1].

Type locality. Puerto Rico.

Material examined. Bahamas: BMSM 55392, Abaco, 60 m, C. Redfern coll., 06/viii/1982 [1]; BMSM 55393, Abaco, 53 m, C. Redfern coll., 09/ix/1987 [1]; BMSM 55394, Abaco, 52 m, C. Redfern coll., 09/ix/1987 [4]; BMSM 55395, Abaco, 52 m, C. Redfern coll., 09/ix/1987 [1, paratype]; BMSM 55396, Abaco, 35 m, C. Redfern coll., 28/vi/1996 [1]. Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte state: MNRJ 31590, BPot 2-MR45 [2]. Bahia state: MNRJ 32880, Boipeba, 02/iv/2003 [1]; MNRJ 32897, 13º27’43”S, 38º49’27”W, v/2007 [3]; MNRJ 32997, 13º28’58”S, 38º48’21”W, vi/2010 [1]; MNRJ 32614, 13º28’58”S, 38º48’16”W, ix/2007 [1]; MNRJ 33084, 13º29’44”S, 38º48’19”W [2]; MORG 52593, off Camamú, 52 m, 11/xii/2002 [3]; MORG 52592, Abrolhos, Eq. MORG coll., ii/ 1978. Espírito Santo state: MNHN, Expedition MD55 sta. DC83, 18º50’S, 37º57’W, 60 m, v/1987 [1]; IBUFRJ 9105, REVIZEE C1-C65 [1]; MNRJ 17229, 19º25’37”S, 39º22’22”W, 43 m, x/2003 [1]; MNRJ 30929, 19º26’00”S, 39º22’30”W, 55 m, x/2003 [1]; MNRJ 34025, 20º42’00’’S, 40º24’28’’W, Ilha Escalvada, Guarapari, 2012 [1]; MNRJ 31061 [1], MNRJ 31089 [1]: 20º47’S, 40º34’W, iii/2010; MNRJ 33024, 20º47’S, 40º34’W, ix/ 2007 [4]; IBUFRJ 8682, Piúma, 1993 [1]. Rio de Janeiro state: MNRJ 18707, HAB 13-H3 [1]; MNRJ 17228, 23º05’S, 40º58’W, 100 m, 17/ix/2004 [1].

Description. Shell sinistral, elongated, conical, profile rectilinear, reaching 10.00 mm in length (apex missing), 2.54 mm in width. White shell. Protoconch sub-trapezoidal, 0.55–0.70 mm in length, 0.47–0.55 mm in width, with 3 to 3.5 whorls, weak distinction between protoconch and teleoconch; apex pointed, abrupt, without apparent sculpture; larval shell with a thick and keel-shaped abapical spiral cord, situated near suture, adapical spiral cord slowly emerging at end of protoconch; small, irregular and incomplete axial ribs especially concentrated on adapical portion of whorl, being more numerous and closer towards end of larval shell. Teleoconch with up to 13 whorls; two spiral cords (adapical and abapical) on first whorl, both continuous with those of protoconch; median spiral cord emerges in second whorl, eventually at the beginning of third whorl, reaching same size than other cords after half to one whorl; after fifth/sixth whorl, adapical spiral cord becomes distant from other cords and with a less pronounced profile; 16 to 20 slightly opisthocline axial ribs; rounded nodules of medium size; large and squarish interspaces among nodules; distinct and very well developed suture, with a wide sutural cord present from its origin on protoconch; narrow and slightly wavy to little nodulose subperipheral cord, two narrow and slightly wavy basal cords; a small supranumerical cord may form between abapical spiral cord and subperipheral cord; aperture elliptical; anterior canal with medium size, directed downward/backward, partially open but crossed in its base by projection of outer lip; posterior canal as a small notch, not detached from aperture.

Remarks. After comparing shells of T. portoricensis from Bahamas ( Fig. 6 A–B) and Brazil ( Fig. 6 C–K), we found no significant differences between them. Regarding the teleoconch, the adapical spiral cord is only faintly isolated from other cords in the Caribbean shells examined because these consist mostly of juveniles, without enough whorls to have this pattern of spiral cords. Caribbean shells reach 4.4 mm with eight teleoconch whorls ( Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008), instead of 10.0 mm with 13 teleoconch whorls in Brazilian shells; however, shells with eight teleoconch whorls from Brazil are similar in length to those from the Caribbean. The color of the holotype, described as light brown with a white apex ( Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008), is typical of worn material, as shells of this species are actually white ( Redfern 2013). Owing to the very scarce available material of T. portoricensis from Caribbean, mostly consisting of juveniles, more sampling of this species is required to further comparisons.

The protoconch of Inella obtusa Marshall, 1983 , a species from the southwestern Pacific, resembles T. portoricensis , but probably due to convergence. The atypical protoconch morphology of T. portoricensis ( Fig. 6 I– J) is possibly indicative of a multispiral type derived from intracapsular metamorphosis.

Geographic distribution. Bahamas ( Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008; Redfern 2013); Puerto Rico (type locality); Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia to Rio de Janeiro (present study).

Bathymetric distribution. 35 m ( Redfern 2013) to 100 m (present study). This species is found in waters shallower than 35 m, but in these cases the bathymetric data is inaccurate.

Triphora charybdis sp. nov. ( Figure 7 C–K)

Type material. Holotype: MNRJ 18620. Paratypes: Brazil: Rio de Janeiro state: MNRJ 31107, 22º42’S, 40º40’W, xi/2007 [1]; MNRJ 32067, 22º42’S, 40º40’W, x/2007 [1]; MNRJ 32404, 22º42’S, 40º40’W, viii/2002 [1]; MNRJ 33527, type locality [1]; MNRJ 32549, 23º05’S, 40º58’W, 100 m [2]; MORG 52207 [1], MORG 52238 [1]: 23º05’S, 40º58’W, 100 m.

Other material examined. Brazil: Amapá state: MNRJ 33392, 04º27’54”N, 49º58’05”W, 160 m, 13/x/2000 [18]. Rio de Janeiro state: MNRJ 32351, 22º20’29”S, 40º11’41” W, xii/2004 [2]; MNRJ 19480, 22º42’S, 40º40’W, 110 m, 11/iv/2003 [1]; MNRJ 30869, 22º42’S, 40º40’W, 110 m, 19/ix/2003 [2]; IBUFRJ 19563, 22º48’S, 40º45’W, 110 m, iv/1998 [7]; IBUFRJ 19576, 22º48’S, 40º45’W, 110 m, 27/i/1998 [2]; IBUFRJ 19593, REVIZEE C1-D3 [1]; MORG 48290, 23º05’S, 40º58’W, 100 m [1]; MORG 52247, 23º05’S, 40º58’W, 100 m [1]. Santa Catarina state: MNRJ 32071, 26º38’45”S, 46º51’54”W, 153 m, ii/2004 [8]; MNRJ 32622, 26º38’51”S, 46º52’30”W, 150 m, 28/i/2005 [3]; MORG 50071, off Itajaí, 28/i/2005 [4].

Material examined of Triphora cf. lilacina ( Dall, 1889) in Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008): FLMNH 129846 [2]; FLMNH 154900 [2]; FLMNH 238675 [5]; FLMNH 279375 [1].

Type locality. Station HAB 16-B4 of Project Habitats: 23º10’01”S, 41º03’13”W, 107 m, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.

Etymology. The specific name refers to the sea monster Charybdis , from Greek Mythology. Epithet as a noun in apposition.

Diagnosis. Median spiral cord usually emerges on seventh teleoconch whorl, reaching same size of abapical cord after about five whorls; white adapical spiral cord, brown abapical cord, median cord initially white and later becoming brown or being brown from its emergence; long anterior canal, almost closed, directed downward.

Description. Shell sinistral, elongated, conical-fusiform, rectilinear profile, reaching 8.53 mm in length, 1.97 mm in width. Brown protoconch; teleoconch with white adapical spiral cord, brown to orange-brownish abapical cord, median cord initially white but later becoming brown/orange-brownish or brown/orange-brownish since its emergence; nodules lighter in color than inter-nodular spaces in all spiral cords; orange-brownish base. Protoconch conical, 0.54–0.60 mm in length, 0.39–0.42 mm in width, with 5 to 5.5 convex whorls; embryonic shell domeshaped, covered by rounded granules overall; larval shell with one spiral cord (abapical) at its beginning, the adapical cord emerging after one whorl, but disappearing just before the transition to teleoconch; about 28 almost rectilinear to slightly sigmoid axial ribs. Teleoconch with up to 14 whorls; two spiral cords (adapical and abapical) on the first whorl, abapical one continuous with that of protoconch; median spiral cord emerges between end of sixth and beginning of eighth whorl, reaching same size of abapical cord (adapical one slightly more pronounced than others) after 4.5 to six whorls; 20 to 21 opisthocline axial ribs; rounded nodules of medium size; distinct but little developed suture, with a small sutural cord; narrow and weakly nodulose to wavy subperipheral and adapical basal cords, slightly wavy to smooth abapical basal cord; two supranumerical cords may develop, one between median and abapical spiral cords, the other between abapical and subperipheral cords; aperture ovate; long anterior canal, almost closed, directed downward; posterior canal as a notch, not detached from aperture.

Remarks. Shells of Triphora charybdis sp. nov. from Amapá (northern Brazil) and Santa Catarina (southern Brazil) are much worn, although their identification as this species is unambiguous. In a certain way, they resemble sub-fossil material, almost losing the original coloration, indicating that this species may have had a wider distribution in the past.

Triphora charybdis is similar to the morphotype Triphora cf. lilacina ( Dall, 1889) in Rolán & Fernández- Garcés (2008), also illustrated in the present study ( Fig. 7 B). The protoconch sculpture, the coloration pattern of the teleoconch and the whorl in which the median spiral cord emerges are very similar in both. In contrast, T. charybdis has a later strenghtening of the median spiral cord (reaching the same size of the abapical cord after about five whorls, Fig. 7 F; after ~2.5 whorls in T. cf. lilacina , Fig. 7 B), slightly longer anterior canal directed downward ( Fig. 7 H), more heterogeneous coloration between adapical (white) and abapical (brown) spiral cords on the teleoconch (the distinction of coloration is not so evident in most shells of T. cf. lilacina - Fig. 7 B), narrower and less nodulose subperipheral cord ( Fig. 7 H), in addition to a more rectilinear shell profile (but slightly curvilinear profile in T. cf. lilacina ). The shell of Triphora lilacina ( Dall, 1889) , whose lectotype is illustrated herein ( Fig. 7A ) and in Rolán & Fernández-Garcés (2008), has a curvilinear profile, lilac coloration, and median spiral cord emerging only in the eleventh whorl ( Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 2008), thus being greatly differentiated from T. charybdis .

Shells of T. charybdis with damaged or incomplete base (without the distinct anterior canal) and with few teleoconch whorls (precluding the late development of the median spiral cord) can be mistaken for other species from the western Atlantic having a white adapical cord and a brown abapical cord. Triphora ellyae De Jong & Coomans, 1988 is easily distinguished by its smaller size, curvilinear-ovoid shell shape, and smooth subperipheral cord. Triphora atlantica ( Smith, 1890) has two or three white initial teleoconch whorls, a thicker and more nodulose subperipheral cord, and larval shell with only one spiral cord (the abapical) on two whorls, but on one whorl in T. charybdis ( Fig. 7 I). In Triphora elvirae De Jong & Coomans, 1988 and Eutriphora bermudensis ( Bartsch, 1911) , the median spiral cord is always white, but in T. charybdis it acquires a brown coloration after its emergence ( Fig. 7 C-D).

Geographic distribution. Brazil: Amapá [subfossil?], Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina [subfossil?].

Bathymetric distribution. 80 to 160 m.

Triphora scylla sp. nov. ( Figure 8 )

Type material. Holotype: MZSP 119013, J. Coltro coll., iv/1992. Paratypes: Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte state: MNRJ 26242, BPot 2-MR44 [2]; MNRJ 26243, BPot 1-MR41 [2]. Bahia state: MNRJ 32959, 15º33’44”S, 38º44’23”W, 38 m, 2011 [1]. Espírito Santo state: MNRJ 30749, 19º25’37”S, 39º22’22”W, 43 m, x/2003 [2]; MZSP 119014, type locality, J. Coltro coll., iv/1992 [1]; IBUFRJ 7568, 20º47’S, 40º26’W, 26/viii/1979 [1]; MNRJ 31043 [2], MNRJ 31056 [1]: 20º47’S, 40º34’W, iii/2010; MNRJ 33023, 20º47’S, 40º34’W, ix/2007 [4]. Rio de Janeiro state: MNRJ 18593, HAB 13-H3 [1]; IBUFRJ 19594, REVIZEE C1-D3 [1].

Other material examined. Brazil: Maranhão state: IBUFRJ 17368, Banco Álvaro, Parcel Manoel Luís, 18/ vii/1977 [1]. Rio Grande do Norte state: MNRJ 31637, BPot 2-MR42 [8]; MNRJ 31642, BPot 1-MR43 [10]; MNRJ 31644, BPot 1-MR41 [2]; MNRJ 31645, BPot 1-MR44 [3]; MNRJ 31648, BPot 2-MR44 [5]; MNRJ 31650, BPot 1-MR42 [9]; MNRJ 31651, BPot 1-MR45 [2]; MNRJ 32058, BPot 1-MR32 [1]. Bahia state: IBUFRJ 19520, REVIZEE C5-13R [1]; MNRJ 33815, 18º07’24”S, 38º21’00”W, 55 m, 21/ix/1995 [2]. Espírito Santo state: IBUFRJ 19463, REVIZEE C1-C65 [1]; IBUFRJ 19497, REVIZEE C1-C65 [1]; MNRJ 30718, 19º25’34”S, 39º22’16”, 42 m, x/2003 [1]; MORG 52249, REVIZEE C1-VV22 [1]; IBUFRJ 19544, REVIZEE C1-VV21 [1]; IBUFRJ 19521, 20º47’S, 40º26’W, 29/viii/1979 [1]; MNRJ 31034 [1], MNRJ 31045 [1], MNRJ 31094 [1]: 20º47’S, 40º34’W, iii/2010; IBUFRJ 19514, 21º15’S, 40º20’W, 28/viii/1979 [1]. Rio de Janeiro state: MNRJ 17943, HAB 13-H3 [1].

Type locality. Exit of Guarapari canal, Guarapari, Espírito Santo state, Brazil.

Etymology. The specific name refers to the monster Scylla , from Greek Mythology. Epithet as a noun in apposition.

Diagnosis. Reticulated embryonic shell; median spiral cord emerges between the end of sixth to the end of tenth teleoconch whorl; teleoconch with two white initial whorls, remainder with background light brown to dark cream, dark inter-nodular spaces, whitened nodules; adapical and median spiral cords darker than abapical one.

Description. Shell sinistral, elongated, conical, profile rectilinear to slightly curvilinear, reaching 6.66 mm in length, 1.80 mm in width. Light brown to golden protoconch; teleoconch with about two white initial whorls, remainder whorls with background light brown to dark cream, dark inter-nodular spaces, whitened nodules; adapical and median spiral cords darker than abapical one, especially on nodules; base with same color as background of shell. Protoconch conical, 0.41–0.54 mm in length, 0.34–0.40 mm in width, with 4.5 to 5 convex whorls; embryonic shell dome-shaped, with reticulated sculpture; larval shell with two spiral cords, adapical one weakening and disappearing in the last whorl; about 30 almost rectilinear to slightly sigmoid axial ribs. Teleoconch with up to 13 whorls; two spiral cords (adapical and abapical) on the first whorl, abapical one continuous with that of protoconch; median spiral cord emerges close to adapical cord, between end of sixth and end of tenth whorl, reaching same size as abapical cord (adapical one slightly more pronounced than others in late whorls) after 1 to 2.5 whorls; 16 to 19 almost orthocline to slightly opisthocline axial ribs; rounded nodules of medium size; distinct but little developed suture, with a small sutural cord; moderately to weakly nodulose subperipheral cord, weakly nodulose to wavy adapical basal cord, wavy abapical basal cord; two small supranumerical cords may develop, one between median and abapical spiral cords, the other between abapical and subperipheral cords; aperture ovate; anterior canal directed backward/downward, moderately small and open, but crossed in its base by projection of outer lip; posterior canal as a large notch, not detached from aperture.

Remarks. Triphora scylla sp. nov. varies greatly relative to the emergence and strengthening of the median spiral cord on the teleoconch, as it can emerge between the end of the sixth and the end of the tenth whorl, reaching the same size of the abapical cord after one to 2.5 whorls ( Fig. 8 F). Length of protoconch also varied considerably (0.41–0.54 mm). All other features were consistent between shells, disregarding different maximum size attained at the adult stage.

The color pattern of T. scylla is similar to that of Similiphora intermedia ( C. B. Adams, 1850) , a very common species in the western Atlantic (e.g., Rolán & Fernández-Garcés 1995; Redfern 2013), with the predominance of brown bands over the adapical and median spiral cords on the teleoconch; however, the distinction between darker internodular spaces and lighter nodules is much more evident in T. scylla ( Fig. 8 A–C). In addition, there are differences in the emergence of the median spiral cord on the teleoconch (end of sixth to end of tenth whorl in T. scylla ; fourth or fifth whorl in S. intermedia ), number of protoconch whorls (4.5 to 5 in T. scylla , Fig. 8 I; about six in S. intermedia ), embryonic shell sculpture (reticulated in T. scylla , Fig. 8 J; with granules in S. intermedia ) and which spiral cord weakens in the last larval shell whorl (adapical cord in T. scylla , Fig. 8 I; abapical cord in S. intermedia ).

Triphora scylla can be differentiated from Nanaphora leei by the elongated shell profile, more heterogeneous coloration between spiral cords on the teleoconch ( Fig. 8 A–C), less nodulose subperipheral and basal cords ( Fig. 8 H) and nodules with a reduced size ( Fig. 8 F). One of the shells illustrated by Redfern (2013: fig. 368A) as Monophorus ateralbus resembles T. scylla , but differs in having a slightly ovoid shape (elongated in T. scylla ) and an even more heterogeneous coloration between adapical/median (brown) and abapical (white) spiral cords than T. scylla .

The embryonic shell sculpture of T. scylla is reticulated, thus superficially resembling the cruciform tubercles of the genus Monophorus Grillo, 1877 . The genera Nanaphora and Sagenotriphora Marshall, 1983 also possess reticulated embryonic shells, however their typical species have a curvilinear shell profile, almost ovoid, instead of the elongated shape of T. scylla ; in addition, T. scylla has a later emergence of the median spiral cord on the teleoconch, especially when comparing with Sagenotriphora . In this case, it is preferable to maintain T. scylla in Triphora s. l., awaiting knowledge of the species’ anatomy and morphology.

Geographic distribution. Brazil: Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia to Rio de Janeiro.

Bathymetric distribution. Subtidal to 80 m.

Figures

FIGURE 6. Triphora portoricensis. A. BMSM 55396, shell from Bahamas, 3.07 mm long. B. BMSM 55394, idem, 2.13 mm long. C. IBUFRJ 9105, shell from Brazil, 8.86 mm long. D. MNRJ 17228, idem, 6.70 mm long. E – G, I, same shell as D. H, J – K, MNRJ 32880. Scale bars: A – E, 1 mm; F – H, 500 µm; I – K, 100 µm.

FIGURE 8. Triphora scylla sp. nov. A. MZSP 119013, holotype, 6.27 mm long. B. IBUFRJ 7568, paratype, 4.00 mm long. C. MNRJ 18593, paratype, 4.41 mm long. D, F, H, same shell as C. E, G, I – K, same shell as B. Scale bars: A – E, 1 mm; F – H, 500 µm; I, K, 100 µm; J, 50 µm.

FIGURE 7. A. Triphora lilacina, lectotype, USNM 83087. B. Triphora cf. lilacina, FLMNH 238675, 7.22 mm long. C – K. Triphora charybdis sp. nov. C. MNRJ 18620, holotype, 8.19 mm long. D. MNRJ 33527, paratype, 6.05 mm long. E – F, I – J, holotype, coated for SEM. G, MNRJ 19480. H, MNRJ 31107. K, MNRJ 31107. Scale bars: B – E, 1 mm; F – H, 500 µm; I, K, 100 µm; J, 50 µm.