Barlerieae

Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A., Darbyshire, Iain, Daniel, Lucinda A. McDade Thomas F. & Kiel, Carrie A., 2022, Revised classification of Acanthaceae and worldwide dichotomous keys, TAXON 71 (1), pp. 103-153 : 122-123

Key to the genera of Barlerieae

Calyx 4-lobed, anterior lobe entire or bifid for less than half its length; anterior and posterior lobes typically larger and broader than lateral lobes and often enclosing them; corolla limb variously arranged, lobes subregular or in a 4 + 1 or 2 + 3 configuration, without hooded upper lip; staminal filaments?always twisted and crossing near the base ................................................ Barleria

Calyx 5-lobed, if lobes unequal then lateral lobes not enclosed; if calyx 4-partite with largely fused anterior lobes then corolla strongly bilabiate with hooded upper lip; stamens not twisted and crossing near the base.................................................................. 2

Androecium of 4 stamens, didynamous, with or without 1 staminode.. .........................................................................................3

Androecium of 2 stamens, usually with 2 or 3 staminodes ....... 14

All anthers bithecous ................................................................... 4

Anthers of longer pair of stamens bithecous, those of shorter pair of stamens monothecous............................................................ 12

Stamens included within corolla tube; stigma flattened, fan-shaped or rhombic; corolla weakly bilabiate, posterior pair of lobes partially fused but not forming a hooded upper lip .......................... 5

Longer pair of stamens exserted from corolla tube or clearly visible at corolla mouth; stigma capitate-bilobed; corolla strongly bilabiate, posterior pair of lobes largely or wholly fused to form a ± hooded upper lip.................................................................. 10

Flowers in often large spherical heads with several whorls of bracts, outermost bracts with a spiny or bristly margin and/or large, 20 mm long or more; continental Africa ......................... Crabbea

Flowers arranged in smaller, non-spherical heads or in spikes, glomerules or panicles; bracts not spiny, smaller; Madagascar [7] ..................................................................................................... 6

Inflorescences pedunculate axillary heads, spikes, umbels or dichasial panicles, or if fasciculate then inflorescence units held within paired clasping bracts ........................................................................ 7

Inflorescences sessile, axillary glomerules, inflorescence units not held within paired clasping bracts ............................................... 9

Flowers subtended by a whorl of (3) 4 bracts, these connate for at least half their length to form a 3–4-lobed epicalyx; corolla 37– 50 mm long..................................................................... Boutonia

Flowers or inflorescence units subtended by a pair of bracts; bracts not connate or only basally so; corolla up to 25 mm long..............8

8 Inflorescences of spikes, dichasial panicles or heads; pairs of bracts subtending each inflorescence unit often unequal, not adpressed, variously shaped ..................................... Podorungia [8]

8 Inflorescences of umbels (sometimes fasciculate) or lax dichasia; pairs of bracts subtending each inflorescence unit subequal, adpressed, ovate or elliptic ..................................... Pseudodicliptera

9 All bracts of glomerules linear or lanceolate, without recurved apices; plants often with dense pale indumentum on stems and/or abaxial surface of leaves................................................. Lasiocladus

9 Outermost bracts of glomerules broader, foliaceous, sometimes with recurved apices; plants without dense pale indumentum....... ..................................................................................... Pericalypta

10 Anther thecae conspicuously spurred at base; China to Malaysia................................................................................. Chroesthes

10 Anther thecae not spurred at base, either obtuse or at most minutely apiculate.......................................................................... 11

11 Capsule stipitate; seeds glabrous; calyx lobes homomorphic; bracts and bracteoles small and inconspicuous; Borneo..... Borneacanthus

11 Capsule not or barely stipitate; seeds with hygroscopic trichomes; calyx lobes ± markedly heteromorphic, posterior lobe broadest, lateral lobes narrowest; bracts and bracteoles usually conspicuous, often similar to calyx lobes in shape and size; widespread ........... .................................................................................. Lepidagathis

12 Plants spiny with axillary spines and/or spinose leaf margins; Caribbean....................................................................... Barleriola

12 Plants without axillary spines or spinose leaf margins .............. 13

13 Stamens exserted beyond corolla lobes; corolla limb very short and not strongly bilabiate (although posterior pair of lobes is fused); inflorescence a many-flowered thyrse with flowers in dense whorls at each node; bracts and bracteoles inconspicuous; New Guinea...... ............................................................................. Hulemacanthus

13 Stamens not exserted beyond corolla lobes; corolla limb strongly bilabiate; inflorescence a secund spike, spikes sometimes compounded into dense heads; bracts and bracteoles usually conspicuous; widespread ........................................................ Lepidagathis

14 Calyx lobes unequal, posterior lobe clearly broadest (2 + 2 + 1 configuration); seeds covered in long hygroscopic trichomes; inflorescences markedly secund; widespread ....... Lepidagathis

14 Calyx lobes subequal, all linear; seeds with minute trichomes towards the rim only; inflorescence a congested spiciform thyrse, not secund; D.R. Congo......................................... Schaueriopsis