Amphidraus Simon, 1900

Galvis, William, 2017, Nineteen new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Salticidae: Euophryini) from Colombia, with comments about their conservation, Zootaxa 4286 (1), pp. 1-40 : 2-3

Amphidraus Simon, 1900

Amphidraus Simon, 1900: 60 , type species: Amphidraus auriga Simon, 1900 .

Nebridia Simon, 1902: 373 , type species: Nebridia semicana Simon, 1902 (synonymized by Zhang & Maddison, 2015: 22).

Diagnosis. Males of Amphidraus can be recognized by their small size, cryptic colorations and markings, male palpal bulb with a developed proximal tegular lobe and RTA large and complex, or simple and finger-like, and ventral disposition of the embolus, with an elbow-shaped base, which is united to an embolic filament. Females, on the other hand, can be recognized by having size and coloration similar to those of males, with a wide and long epigynal plate, with anterior and medial copulatory openings, and rounded to oval spermathecae ( Galiano 1962, 1963; Zhang & Maddison 2015; pers. obs.).

Species groups (new). The genus is herein divided into two groups of species (poorly known species are not included):

Group 1: the semicanus group: A. bochica sp. nov., A. chie sp. nov., A. guaitipan sp. nov., A. guatavita sp. nov., A. mae sp. nov., A. pae sp. nov., A. quimbaya sp. nov., A. quinini sp. nov., A. semicanus ( Simon, 1902) , A. sie sp. nov., A. sikuani sp. nov., A. somondoco sp. nov., A. sotairensis sp. nov., A. sua sp. nov., A. tanimuca sp. nov., A. tisquesusa sp. nov., A. tundama sp. nov., A. zaque sp. nov., A. zipa sp. nov.

Group 2: the auriga group: A. argentinensis Galiano, 1997 , A. auriga Simon, 1900 , A. colombianus sp. nov., A. complexus Zhang & Maddison, 2012 , A. duckei Galiano, 1967 , A. santanae Galiano, 1967 .

Species group differentiation. Males of the semicanus group have a distinctive exposed pear-shaped embolus disc (ED), with an elbow-shaped base of the wide embolus, rounded tegular lobe (TL), and a simple or complex RTA, sometimes with embolar disc spur (EDS) and very long embolic filaments (EF) ( Figs 1a–b , 5a–c , 6a–b , 8a–b , 12a–b , 15a–b ; see Galiano 1963: pl. 27, figs 15–18). On the other hand, males of the auriga group have complex RTA with thinner embolus, or if wide, with a lateral embolic apophysis (LEA), a partially covered triangular or slender embolic disc, and a mostly conical tegular lobe, and shorter embolic filament ( Figs 3a–d ; see Galiano 1997: figs 8–11; Zhang & Maddison 2012: figs 3–4). Females of the semicanus group present anterior copulatory openings, long copulatory ducts, and posterior larger spermathecae ( Figs 2c–d , 8c–d , 14c–d ). Females of the auriga group present medial to posterior copulatory openings, shorter copulatory ducts, with the smaller spermathecae anterior, or at least at the same position as the copulatory openings (see Zhang & Maddison 2012: figs 5–6; Galiano 1997: figs 5–7; Galiano 1976: fig. 1).

Note. It is interesting to point out that the semicanus group of species is distributed mainly in high-Andean ecosystems, while the auriga group of species is known mainly from Amazonian lands.

Figures

FIGURES 1 a – d. A. bochica sp. nov., a) left male palp, ventral view; b) same, retrolateral view; c) epigyne, cleared, ventral view; d) same, dorsal view (black arrow showing the position of the glandular ducts on anterior portion of the copulatory ducts). Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct, co = copulatory opening, e = embolus, ED = embolic disc, EF = embolic filament, fd = fertilization duct, PED = process on embolic disc, po = pocket, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, SD = sperm duct, sp = spermatheca, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.20 mm.

FIGURES 2 a – d. A. chie sp. nov., a) left male palp, ventral view; b) same, retrolateral view; c) epigyne, cleared, ventral view; d) same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bwe = basal widening of the embolus, cd = copulatory duct, co = copulatory opening, e = embolus, ED = embolic disc, EF = embolic filament, fd = fertilization duct, sp = spermathecal, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, SD = sperm duct, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.20 mm (a – b), 0.10 mm (c – d).

FIGURES 3 a – d. A. colombianus sp. nov., a) left male palp, ventral view; b) same, retroventral view; c) same, retrolateral view; d) same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CC = cymbial careen, e = embolus, ED = embolic disc, EDS = embolic disc spur, EF = embolic filament, EL = embolic lamella, LEA = lateral embolic apophysis, PED = process on embolic disc, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, RvTA = retroventral tibial apophysis, SD = sperm duct, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.30 mm.

FIGURES 5 a – c. A. guatavita sp. nov., a) left male palp, ventral view; b) same, dorsal view; c) same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: bwe = basal widening of the embolus, DTS = dorsal tibial spur, e = embolus, ED = embolic disc, EF = embolic filament, PED = process on embolic disc, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, SD = sperm duct, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.10 mm (a – b), 0.20 mm (c).

FIGURES 6 a – d. A. mae sp. nov., a) left male palp, ventral view; b) same, retrolateral view; c) epigyne, cleared, ventral view; d) same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct, co = copulatory opening, e = embolus, EDS = embolic disc spur, EF = embolic filament, fd = fertilization duct, PED = process on embolic disc, po = epigynal pocket, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, SD = sperm duct, sp = spermatheca, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 8 a – d. A. quinini sp. nov., a) left male palp, ventral view; b) same, retrolateral view; c) epigyne, cleared, ventral view; d) same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct, co = copulatory opening, e = embolus, ED = embolic disc, EDS = embolic disc spur, EF = embolic filament, fd = fertilization duct, HaD = distal haematodocha, PED = process on embolic disc, po = epigynal pocket, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, SD = sperm duct, sp = spermatheca, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 12 a – d. A. sua sp. nov., a) left male palp, ventral view; b) same, retrolateral view; c) epigyne, cleared, ventral view; d) same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct, co = copulatory opening, e = embolus, ED = embolic disc, EF = embolic filament, fd = fertilization duct, PED = process on embolic disc, po = pocket, sp = spermathecal, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, SD = sperm duct, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.20 mm.

FIGURES 14 a – d. A. zaque sp. nov., a) left male palp, ventral view; b) same, retrolateral view (black arrow showing the bump on the trochanter); c) epigyne, ventral view; d) same, cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cd = copulatory duct, co = copulatory opening, e = embolus, ED = embolic disc, EF = embolic filament, fd = fertilization duct, po = epigynal pocket, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, SD = sperm duct, sp = spermatheca, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.30 mm.

FIGURES 15 a – d. A. zipa sp. nov., a) left male palp, retrolateral view (black arrow showing the proventral femoral and proximal widening of the palpal femur, PvFw); b) same, ventral view; c) epigyne, cleared, ventral view; d) same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: bwe = basal widening of the embolus, cd = copulatory duct, co = copulatory opening, e = embolus, ED = embolic disc, EF = embolic filament, fd = fertilization duct, PED = process on embolic disc, po = epigynal pocket, RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp, SD = sperm duct, sp = spermatheca, TL = tegular lobe. Scale bars: 0.30 mm (a – b), 0.20 mm (c – d).