Phalacroma doryphorum Stein 1883

Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8), pp. 390-401 : 398

9. Phalacroma doryphorum Stein 1883

Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with a broad round convex epitheca and a narrowed, asymmetrical hypotheca. From the hypotheca arises a triangular antapical spine. Cell body ovoid in shape. Presence of a convex cingulum ( Fig. 2j ).

Distribution: Bay of Bengal 12, Andaman Sea 11, Maldives 39, Indian Ocean 11, Eastern Pacific Ocean 38, Gulf of Mexico 42, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, Australian waters 31, Mediterranean waters 26, Portugal 43, Canary Islands, Atlantic Ocean 34.

This species was recorded from the stations APK3 and APK4 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Figures

Fig. 2 — Micrographs (Light microscope and SEM images) of species recorded from Kakinada coastal waters: (a) Protoperidinium depressum (Bailey) Balech 1974; (b) Protoperidinium brochii (Kofoid & Swezy) Balech, 1974; (c) Protoperidinium leonis (Pavillard) Balech 1974; (d) Protoperidinium ovum (J. Schiller) Balech 1974; (e) Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenfeld) Balech 1973; (f) Spiraulax kofoidii H. W Graham, 1942; (g) Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881; (h) Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881; (i) Ornithocercus magnificus Stein 1883; (j) Phalacroma doryphorum Stein 1883; (k) Tripos inflatus (Kofoid) F. Gómez, 2013; (l) Tripos trichoceros (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez, 2013; (m) Tripos candelabrum (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez, 2013; (n) Tripos vultur (Cleve) F. Gómez 2013; (o) Tripos vultur (Cleve) F. Gómez 2013 magnified view; and (p) Triadinium polyedricum (Pouchet) Dodge, 1981