Photinopygus calidus ( Erichson, 1839 )

Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, 2023, A revision of the genus Photinopygus Chatzimanolis (Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina), Zootaxa 5292 (1), pp. 1-100 : 22-27

Photinopygus calidus ( Erichson, 1839)

( Figs. 1–4 , 40–47 )

Staphylinus calidus Erichson, 1839: 364 .

Xanthopygus solskyi Sharp, 1876: 126 .

Xanthopygus calidus (Erichson) ; Fauvel 1891: 108 ( X. solskyi junior synonym of X. calidus ).

Photinopygus calidus (Erichson) ; Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Type material. Lectotype, here designated, female, with labels: “5906” / “Type” / Hist.-Coll. ( Coleoptera ) Nr. 5906 Staphylinus calidus Erichson Columb. Moritz Zool. Mus. Berlin ” / “ Syntype Staphylinus calidus Erichson 1839 labelled by MFNB 2019” / “ Lectotype Staphylinus calidus Erichson des. Chatzimanolis 2020”. In the collection of MFNB.

Type material for X. solskyi : Lectotype, here designated, male, with labels: “[on white cardboard] ♁ Xanthopygus solskyi Type Amazons D.S.” / “Type” / “Ega [Tefé, Amazonas; -3.35°, -64.71°]” / “ S. America Brazil ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “Lectotype Xanthopygus solskyi Sharp des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of NHMUK . Paralectotype, here designated, ♀, with labels: “Type” / “Ega [Tefé, Amazonas; -3.35°, -64.71°]” / “ S. America Brazil ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “ Xanthopygus solskyi ♀ Type D.S. Amazons ” / “Paralectotype Xanthopygus solskyi Sharp des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of NHMUK .

Additional Materials. BELIZE: Cayo: 10 mi. S St. Augustine [16.97°, -88.99°], 21.viii.1977, [C.W. & L.] O’ Brien, G.B. Marshall leg., FMNHINS3989915 (1 ♀ FMNH) BOLIVIA: Cochabamba: 67.5 km NE Cochabamba, Valle del Sajita, University de San Simon [-17.109°, -64.798°], 300 m, 7–9.ii.1999, FIT, R. Hanley leg., SM0161961, SM0161988, SM0161830, SM0161825, SM0161960, SM0161985, SM0161821 (7 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality and date, F. Génier leg., SM0173962, SM0174155, SM0174154 (3 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 9–13.ii.1999, FIT, R. Hanley leg., SM0162089 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 9–13.ii.1999, FIT, F. Génier leg., SM0173658, SM0173653, SM0174058 (3 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 1–6.ii.1999, FIT, R. Hanley leg., SM0162041 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 1–6.ii.1999. FIT, F. Génier leg,, SM0174005 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; 109 km E Yungas ( Cochabamba-Villa Tunari Rd ) [- 17.147°, -65.708°], 1480 m, 8–12.ii.1999, FIT, R. Hanley leg., SM0161899, SM0161896, SM0161893, SM0161895 (4 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality and date, F. Génier leg., SM0173880, SM0173896 (2 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 1– 6.ii.1999, FIT, F. Génier leg., SM0173988 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; 105 km E Yungas nr. Rio Carmen Mayu ( Cochabamba-Villa Tunari Rd ) [-17.146°, -65.732°], 1800 m, 6.ii.–8.vi.1999, dung trap, F. Génier leg., SM0175802, SM0175801 (2 ♀ SEMC) ; 124 km E Yungas ( Cochabamba-Villa Tunari Rd ) [-17.065°, -65.645°], 6–8.ii.1999, FIT, R. Hanley leg., SM0162086 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Yungas del Palmar [-17.13°, -65.50°], 1000 m, 2.v.1948, R. Zischka leg., Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♁ MNW) ; Villa Tunari [-16.97°, -65.42°], 20.xi.1989, M. Cooper leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; La Paz: 46.8 km NE Caranavi [-15.67°, -67.45°], 1140 m, 27.xi.1996, D. Brzoska leg., SM0139624 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Coroico Palos Blancos [-15.58°, -67.25°], 700 m, Bolle leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Tumupasa [-14.15°, -67.89°], 1921–1922, W. M. Mann leg. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ USNM) ; Unduavil / Coroico Rd [-16.26°, -67.83°], 300 m, 1–3.xii.1976, Bolle leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Santa Cruz: Amboro National Park, Los Volcanes [-18.10°, -63.60°], 1000 m, 20.xi.–12.xii.2004, H. Mendel, M.V.L. Barclay leg. (1 ♁, 7 ♀ NHMUK) ; Sara [-17.00°, -63.58°], xii.1972, Steinbach leg. (1 ♀ CMNH) ; BRAZIL: Amazonas: [Reserva Florestal] Adolpho Ducke , 26 km N Manaus [-2.96°, -59.94°], iii.1995, malaise, M.G.V. Barbosa leg. (2 ♀ NHMUK) ; Tefé [-3.35°, -64.71°], Sharp coll., FMNHINS3975859 (1 ♀ FMNH; 2 ♀ NHMUK) ; same locality; FMNHINS3975853 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; Mato Grosso: Sinop [-11.87°, -55.50°], x.1976, M. Alvarenga leg. (2 ♁ CNC) ; Pará: Jacareacanga [-6.22°, -57.76°], xii.1968, M. Alvarenga leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Tapajós [-3.21°, -55.16°], Sharp coll. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Rondônia: 62 km SW Ariquemes [-9.92°, -63.04°], 15.x.1993, Mercury vapor and UV light, C.W. & L. O’ Brien leg., FMNHINS3975549 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, 180 m, 17–24.iii.1989, W.J. Hanson leg., SM0080045 (1 ♁ SEMC) ; São Paulo: São Paulo [-23.55°, -46.63], Sharp coll. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; unknown state: unknown locality, Sharp coll. (2 ♀ NHMUK) ; Amazon , [H.W.] Bates leg., Fry coll., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975589 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; COLOMBIA: Magdalena: Bonda [11.23°, -74.13°] (2 ♀ CMNH) ; Minca [11.15°, -74.12°], 610 m (4 ♁ CMNH) ; Meta: Villavicencio [4.15°, -73.63°], 450m ,, i.1913, Fassl leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975845 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; same location, FMNHINS3975847 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; Rio Guayuriba [3.97°, -73.43°], xii.1946, L. Richter leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; COSTA RICA: Alajuela: San Carlos [10.62°, -84.51°], Schild-Burgdorf coll. (1 ♀ MFNB) ; Cartago: Turrialba [9.88°, -83.68°], 17.vii.1964, R.B. & G. Roberts leg., SM0080039 (1 ♁ UTC) ; same locality, A. Hayne leg. (3 ♁, 6 ♀ MFNB) ; same locality, 650 m, 25.ii.1980, H. & A. Howden leg (1 ♁ CNC) ; same locality, 1923, P. Schild (1 ♁, 2 ♀ CMNH) ; Heredia: La Selva , 3.2 km. SE Puerto Viejo [10.42°, -84.00°], 100 m, 19.ii.1992, FIT, W. Bell leg., SM0079968 (1 ♁ UTCI) ; same locality, 24.ii.1992, FIT, W. Bell leg., SM0080023 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 20.v.1989, D. Brzoska leg., SM0079960 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 15.vi.1990, D. Brzoska leg., SM0079964 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, ix.1993, P. Hanson, SM0079970 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, xii.1992, P. Hanson, SM0080005 (1 ♁ SEMC) ; same locality, 23.i.1992, F.V. Vencl. leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; same locality, 1–7.vi.1996, S. Haase-Staatz leg. (1 ♁ SEMC) ; same locality, 17.vii.1992, H.A. Hespenheide leg., SM0156287, SM0156288, SM0080055, SM0080054 (1 ♁, 2 ♀ SEMC; 1 ♁ UTCI); same locality, 2–15.vi.1996, FIT, R. Hanley leg., SM0091038 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 5.iii.1965, J.B. Karren leg., SM0080034 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality 30.i.1994, F.V. Vencl leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; same locality, 17–23.v.1988, malaise trap, B.V. Brown leg. (3 ♁ CNC) ; same locality, 17.ii.1980, H. A. Howden leg. (2 ♀ CNC) ; Limón: Hamburg Farm, R. Reventazón [10.25°, -83.45°], 15.iii.[19]23, F. Nevermann leg., Tottenham coll. (2 ♁, 1 ♀ USNM) ; same locality, 24.ix.[19]22, F. Nevermann leg., Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989841 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; 4.8 km N Shiroles, Finca Gavilan [9.59°, -82.96], 16.v. 1993, 120 m, D. Brzoska leg., SM0080024 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Finca Carlilla , vii.[19]38, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989903, FMNHINS3989842 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; San José: La Caja [9.96°, -84.14°], M. Valerio leg. (1 ♀ USNM) ; Piedras Negras [9.90°, -84.31°], Schild-Burgdorf coll., Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♀ NMW) ; San José [9.93°, -84.08°], 5.xii.[19]35, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989843 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown province: unknown locality, H. Schmidt S. leg., Bernhauer coll. FMNHINS3975857 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown locality, Hayne leg. (2 ♀ MFNB) ; ECUADOR: Morona-Santiago: Macas [-2.37°, -78.13°], 1300 m, 10.ix.1989, M. Cooper leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK) ; same locality, 1100 m, 14.v.1987, M. Cooper leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Napo: Anaconda Lodge, Napo River [-1.05°, - 77.53°], 15.ii.1991, D. Brzoska leg, SM0079961 (1 ♁ SEMC) ; same locality, 14.ii.1991, J. Stamatov leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; 16 km E Puerto Napo [-1.03°, -77.63°], 8.i.1989, mercury vapor light, B.J. Nichols, TTU-Z266784 (1 ♀ TTU-Z) ; same locality, 18.ix.1990, M. Cooper leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK) ; Tena [-0.99°, -77.82°], 4.iii.1923, F.X. Williams leg., FMNHINS3975533 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, 27.iii.1923, FMNHINS3975511 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Orellana: [Puerto Francisco de Orellana] Coca [-0.46°, -76.98°], v.1965, Peña coll. FMNHINS3975473 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Tiputini Biodiversity Station [-0.64°, -76.15°], 5–25.ix.[20]00, FIT, D.J. Inward, K.A. Jackson leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Pastaza: Mera [-1.37°, -78.02°], 25.i.1923, F.X. Williams, FMNHINS3975512 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Puyo [-1.49°, -78.00°], 5.xii.[19]38, F.M. Brown leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Santa Elena: [La] Libertad [-2.23°, -80.90°], Peña coll., FMNHINS3975499 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown province: unknown locality, Sharp coll. (1 ♁ NHMUK); unknown locality, Fry coll., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS4030589 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; FRENCH GUIANA: Montagne des Chevaux [4.610°, -52.279°], 225 m, xi.2009, malaise trap, S. Brûlé leg., NHMUK013688279 (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni [5.50°, -54.03°], Le Moult coll., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975852 (1 ♁ FMNH); GUATEMALA: Baja Varapaz: km 127–129 rd to Cobán [15.11°, -90.26°], 1250 m, 28.v.1991, H. & A. Howden leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Escuintla: [Finca] El Salto [14.30°, -90.75°], 28.vi.1934, F.X. Williams leg., Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989896, FMNHINS3989895, FMNHINS3989899, FMNHINS3989898, FMNHINS3989897 (5 ♀ FMNH) ; Quiché: Panimá [15.20°, -91.18°] (1 ♁ NHMUK) ; HONDURAS: Cortez: PN Cerro Azul Meambar [14.870°, -87.899°], 1150 m, 20–23.v.2011, malaise trap, ridgetop cloud forest, LLAMA leg., SEMC0923522 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; PN Cerro Azul Meambar, Los Pinos [14.87°, -87.91°], 800 m, 10–16.v.2002, FIT, S. Peck leg., SM0551644 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Francisco Morazán: El Zamorano [14.00°, -87.00°], vii.1965, G.F. Freytag leg., FMNHINS3989912 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Olancho: La Unión, Parque Nc. La Muralla [15.14°, -86.67°], 17.v.1996, R. Cordero leg. (1 ♁ MEM) ; Santa Bárbara: 13 km SE El Mochito [14.87°,-88.08°], 22.vii.1977, C.W & L. O’ Brien, G.B. Marshall leg., FMNHINS3989913, FMNHINS3989914 (2 ♁ FMNH) ; MEXICO: unknown state: unknown locality (1 ♀ NMW) ; unknown locality, Tottenham coll. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; NICARAGUA: Chontales: unknown locality, T. Belt leg. (1 ♁, 3 ♀ NHMUK) ; Matagalpa: PN Cerro Musúm, [12.96°, -85.23°], 580 m, 1–4.v.2011, malaise trap, tropical wet forest, LLAMA leg., SEMC1111385, SEMC1111388 (2 ♀ SEMC) ; Raan: PN Cerro Saslaya [13.770°, -84.978°], 280 m, 7–10.v.2011, malaise trap, tropical wet forest, LLAMA leg., SEMC1036201, SEMC1112825 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ SEMC) ; Rio San Juan: 60 km SE San Carlos, Refugio Bartola [10.973°, -84.338°], 26.v. 2002, 100 m, sweeping vegetation, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis leg. SM0413164 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; unknown department: Eppelsheim coll. (1 ♀ NMW) ; PANAMA: Chiriquí: Bugaba [8.48°, -82.62°], Champion leg., Sharp coll. (1 ♁, 16 ♀ NHMUK) ; same locality, FMNHINS3975858 (1 ♁, 2 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality (1 ♀ NHNM) ; Volcán de Chiriquí [8.81°, -82.54°], 762–1219 m, Champion leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK) ; Puerto Armuelles [8.28°, -82.87°], viii.[19]30, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989838, FMNHINS3989839, FMNHINS3989840 (3 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown locality (2 ♀ MFNB) ; Colón: Achiote-Trogon Trail [9.250°, -80.033°], 20 m, 3.ix.2008, beating and sweaping, L. Sekerka, D. Widsor leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Fort Davis [9.29°, -79.91°], 3.x.[19]38, Bierig coll., FMNHINS3989882 (1 ♁ FMNH) Parque Soberania, Pipeline Rd , km 4.1 [9.12°, -79.75°], 29–31.v.1995, FIT, J. Ashe leg., SM0079965 (1 ♁ SEMC) ; Darién: Santa Fe [8.65°, - 78.16°], 29.v.[19]67, malaise trap, D.M. Delong, C.A. Triplehorn leg., FMNHINS3989908, FMNHINS3989909, FMNHINS3989906 (2 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; Panamá: Barro Colorado Island [9.15°, -79.85°], 24.vi.[19]63, D.Q. Cavanaro, M.E. Erwin leg. (3 ♁s CAS) ; Carti-El Llano Rd., km 7.5 N of Chepo [9.22°, -79.08°], 370 m, 6.vi.1995, A. Gillogly leg., SM0079991 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Parque National Soberania, Canal Area , 2.5 km N of summit [9.07°, - 79.65°], 25.ix.2007, beating and sweeping, L. Sekerka leg. (1 ♁ NMHUK) ; Old Plantation Rd , 6.9 km S Gamboa [9.08°, -79.67°], 80 m, 7–22.vi.1995, FIT, J. Ashe, R. Brooks leg., SM0079967 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 4– 7.vi.1995, FIT, J. & A. Ashe leg., SM0079966 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality, 2.vii.1995, in flowers of Oenocarpus mapora, A. Gillogly leg., SM0079990 (1 ♁ SEMC) ; PERU: Cusco: Villa Carmen field station, ~ 1.7 km west cafeteria research transect [-12.893°, -71.419°], 555 m, 22–24.v.2011, FIT, D.J. Bennett, E. Razuri leg., SEMC1460160, SEMC1558989, SEMC1014993, SEMC0955106, SEMC1460159, SEMC1460157, SEMC1460155 (1 ♁, 6 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality and collectors, 26–28.v.2011, SEMC1460048, SEMC0955063, SEMC1465606 (3 ♀ SEMC) ; same locality and collectors, 21–21.v.2011, SEMC1460070 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Huánuco: Tingo Maria [- 9.29°, -75.99°], 20–27.i.1968, A. Garcia, C. Porter leg. (1 ♁ MCZ) ; same locality, 671 m, 21.x.1946, J.C. Pallister leg. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; Callanga [-9.36°, -76.80°], Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975849 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♁ NMW) ; same locality, Kraatz coll. (3 ♀ SDEI) ; Pachitea [-9.90°, -75.96°], Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975848 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; same locality, Griveau coll. (1 ♀ MHNG) ; Junín: Chanchamayo [-11.00°, - 75.25°], Bierig coll., FMNHINS3975855 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; Loreto: Rio Napo-Rio Sucusari [-4.61°, -73.26°], xii.1997, lowland forest, M.V.L. Barclay leg. (1 ♀ NHMUK) ; San Jacinto [-2.31°, -75.86°], 7.vii.1993, FIT, R. Leschen leg., SM0080091 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Madre de Dios: Tambopata Wildlife Reserve , 30 km SW Puerto Maldonado [-12.83°, -69.33°], 290 m, 18–20.xi.1982, J.J.Anderson leg. (1 ♀ CMNH) ; Pasco: Rio Toro [-10.88°, -76.51°] (1 ♁ MFNB) ; Ucayali: Tingo Maria-Pucalipa Rd., Puente Chino km 205 [-9.14°, -75.79°], 1300 m, 11–14.x.1999, FIT, R. Brooks leg., SM0185068 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; unknown department: unknown locality, Brancsik coll. (1 ♀ AMNH) ; unknown locality (4 ♀ MFNB) ; VENEZUELA: Aragua: Choroní [10.50°, -67.62°], 250 m 26.vii.[19]75, M. Murtang leg., FMNHINS3975595 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; Barinas: 12.5–19km NE Barinitas, rd to Altamira [8.76°, -70.41°], 823 m, 25.iii.1992, litter near. stream, L. Herman leg. (1 ♁, 2 ♀ AMNH) ; 16km N Rancho Grande Biological Station [10.40°, -67.68°], 340 m, 4–18.vii.1994, FIT, T. Phillips leg., SM0115486 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Carabobo: San Esteban, near Puerto Cabello [10.42°, -68.00°], iii.[18]88, E. Simon leg., Sharp coll. (1 ♁ NHMUK) ; same locality, 1– 20.xii.1939, P.J. Anduze leg., FMNHINS3975542 (1 ♀ FMNH) .

Diagnosis. Photinopygus calidus belongs in the convex pronotum species group. Among species of that group, P. calidus can be recognized by the following combination of characters: tergite 5 with curved carina (arch-like) only at lateral margins; median lobe in lateral view with large subapical tooth ( Fig. 44 ; subapical tooth much smaller in P. apicalis , P. cyanipennis , P. hilaris , and P. schedonapicalis with hook-like subapical tooth), and paramere with distinctive peg setae pattern ( Fig. 46 ).

Description. Forebody ( Fig. 40 ) length 6.5–7.8 mm. Color of head, pronotum and mesoscutellum dark brown to black; antennae orange; legs dark brown to black except protarsi dark orange (in some specimens meso-, metatarsi light brown); elytra metallic blue with green or purple overtones; abdomen dark brown to black except segments 7–8 (orange). Antenna ( Fig. 43 ) with antennomere 3 without tomentose pubescence; antennomere 4 with tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 4–7 longer than wide; antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate. Head transverse; HW/HL ratio = 1.43–1.50. Posterior margin of head slightly extended posteriad on each side of neck. Head with medium-sized punctures, distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures. Left mandible with bicuspid tooth. Pronotum ( Fig. 42 ) subquadrate; PW/PL ratio = 1.00–1.08. Lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view posteriad of midpoint convex; pronotum with 7–8 sparse rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line; distance between punctures as wide as 1–3 punctures but areas of pronotum without punctures. EL/PL ratio = 1.32–1.50. Elytra with dense punctation; distance between punctures as wide as 0–0.5 punctures. Metepisternum covered with punctures (impunctate area less than 1/3). Abdomen with tergite 3 having setose punctures only on posterior margin; tergite 4 setose; tergites 3–4 with curved carina (arch-like); tergite 5 with curved carina only at lateral margins. In males, sternite 7 without porose structure, sternite 7 with shallow and broad emargination posteriorly; sternite 8 with medium U-shaped emargination posteriorly, emargination with ‘shaved’ (glabrous) margin ( Fig. 41 ). Aedeagus as in Figs. 44–46 ; in dorsal view paramere almost parallel-sided, converging to pointed apex; paramere shorter and wider (apically) than median lobe; in lateral view paramere becoming narrower and concave near tip; paramere with peg setae in multiple short lateral rows as in Fig. 46 . Median lobe in dorsal view converging to narrow pointed tip; in lateral view median lobe becoming narrower; median lobe with large subapical tooth.

Distribution. Broadly distributed in Central and South America; known from the district of Cayo in Belize, the departments of Cochabamba, La Paz and Santa Cruz in Bolivia, the states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia and São Paulo in Brazil, the departments of Magdalena and Meta in Colombia, the provinces of Alajuela, Cartago, Heredia, Limón and San José in Costa Rica, the provinces of Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza and Santa Elena in Ecuador, from French Guiana, the departments of Baja Varapaz, Escuintla and Quiché in Guatemala, the departments of Cortez, Francisco Morazán, Olancho and Santa Bárbara in Honduras, the departments of Chontales, Matagalpa, Raan and Rio San Juan in Nicaragua, the provinces of Chiriquí, Colón, Darién and Panamá in Panama, the departments of Cusco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco and Ucayali in Peru, and the departments of Aragua and Carabobo in Venezuela. Map is shown in Fig. 47 .

Habitat. Collected at low to mid (100–1800 m) elevations in tropical wet lowland and ridgetop cloud forests using flight intercept and malaise traps, dung traps, mercury vapor and UV lights, beating and sweeping vegetation, in litter near streams and in flowers of Oenocarpus mapora H. Karst.

Figures

FIGURE 47. Distribution map of Photinopygus calidus (Erichson) (circles), and P. chrysopygus (Nordmann) (squares).

FIGURES 1–6. SEM images. 1. Photinopygus calidus (Erichson), left mandible, scale bar = 0.6 mm. 2. Photinopygus calidus (Erichson), right mandible, scale bar = 0.6 mm. 3. Photinopygus calidus (Erichson), maxilla, scale bar = 0.8 mm.4. Photinopygus calidus (Erichson), hypopharynx and labial palps, scale bar = 0.5 mm. 5. Photinopygus mirabilis (Erichson), prosternum, scale bar = 1.1 mm. 6. Photinopygus mirabilis (Erichson), meso- and metaventrite, scale bar = 2.1 mm.

FIGURES 40–43. Photinopygus calidus (Erichson). 40. Habitus. 41. Sternites 7–8. 42. Pronotum. 43. Antenna. Not to scale.

FIGURES 44–46. Aedeagus of Photinopygus calidus (Erichson). 44. Lateral view. 45. Dorsal view. 46. Detail of paramere, ventral view.