Photinopygus viridipennis ( Sharp, 1876 )

Chatzimanolis, Stylianos, 2023, A revision of the genus Photinopygus Chatzimanolis (Staphylinidae: Xanthopygina), Zootaxa 5292 (1), pp. 1-100 : 91-97

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5292.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8DEB1E66-92FA-4200-91A9-4631057B0600

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963588

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687A2-FF85-FFB7-7286-136ED9EFFAD7

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Photinopygus viridipennis ( Sharp, 1876 )
status

 

Photinopygus viridipennis ( Sharp, 1876) View in CoL

( Figs. 227–234 View FIGURES 227–230 View FIGURES 231–233 View FIGURE 234 )

Xanthopygus viridipennis Sharp, 1876: 428 View in CoL .

Xanthopygus flohri Sharp, 1884: 345 View in CoL . New synonymy.

Photinopygus viridipennis (Sharp) View in CoL ; Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Photinopygus flohri (Sharp) ; Chatzimanolis 2021: 91.

Type material. Lectotype, here designated, male, with labels: “[White cardboard] ♁” / “Type” / “ Chontales Nicarag.” / “ Xanthopygus viridipennis ♁ Type D.S.” / “Lectotype Xanthopygus viridipennis des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ”. In the collection of NHMUK . Paralectotypes, here designated, with labels: “Syntype” / “ Chontales Nicaragua ” / “ Xanthopygus viridipennis, Sharp ” / “ Sharp coll 1905-313.”/ “Paralectotype Xanthopygus viridipennis des. Chatzimanolis 2022 ” (1 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK) .

Type material for X. flohri . Lectotype, designated by Navarrete-Heredia (2004), male with labels: “[White cardboard] ♁ Xanthopygus flohri , Type, D. S, Mirador, Mexico, Ĥge” / “Type” / “Mirador [19.21°, -96.84°] Mexico Hoege” / “B.C.A Col. I. 2. Xanthopygus flohri, Sharp ” / “Sharp Coll. 1905-313” / “Lectotipo Xanthopygus flohri Sharp, 1884 des. J.L. Navarrete-Heredia 2003”. In the collection of NHMUK. Paralectotype, glued on the same cardboard label as the lectotype, with the same labels and “Paralectotipo Xanthopygus flohri Sharp, 1884 des. J.L. Navarrete-Heredia 2003”. There is a very large series of specimens labeled as syntypes in NHMUK and MFNB but Navarrete-Heredia (2004) chose not to designate those as paralectotypes. Label data for these specimens are listed below in the Additional Materials section.

Additional Materials. COSTA RICA: San José: Turrubares [9.75°, -84.50°], 300 m, A. Heyne leg., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3975369 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Valparaíso [5.62°, -75.63°], 762m (1 ♀ CMNH) ; Magdalena: Río Frio [10.93°, -74.09°], Darlington leg. (2 ♁ MZC) ; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serranía Nueva Marta [11.01°, -74.02°], 1311 m, 24.v.1975, near water, J.A. Kochalka leg. (1 ♁ AMNH) ; unknown locality (1 ♁ SDEI); GUATEMALA: Guatemala: El Zapote [14.62°, -90.30°], Champion leg. (2 ♁ NHMUK) ; unknown department: unknown locality, Scheerpeltz coll. (1 ♁ NMW); unknown locality, Sharp coll. (1 ♁ NHMUK); HONDURAS: Cortés: Cofradía [15.53°, -88.17°], 5.viii.1977, L.B. & C.W. O’Brien, G.B. Marshall leg., FMNHINS3975522 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; MEXICO: Chiapas: El Chorreadeo, 8 km NE Chiapa de Corzo [16.75°, -92.97°], 650 m, 11.vi.1991, under bark and fungus, J.S. Ashe leg., SM0080042 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Palenque Ruins [17.48°, -92.05°], 183 m, 22–23.vi.[19]69, W.R.M. Mason (1 ♀ CNC) ; same locality, 22.vi.1969, B.V. Peterson leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; Parque El Aguacero, 16km W Ocozocoautla [16.76°, -93.52°], 24.vi.1989, H. Howden leg. (1 ♀ CNC) ; San José [16.25°, -92.14°], 305–457 m, v.1910, Psota coll., FMNHINS3989850, FMNHINS3989851 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; same locality, v.1919, Blaisdell coll. (1 ♁ CAS) ; Sierra Morena [16.159°, -93.606°], 1360 m, 13.v.2008, mesophil forest, Malaise trap, LLAMA leg., SM0813309 (1 ♁ SEMC) ; Durango: unknown locality, (2 ♀ MFNB) ; Guerrero: Taxco [18.56°, -99.61°], 1494m, 8.viii.[19]54, SM0080044 (1 ♀ SEMC) ; Jalisco: Guadalajara [20.68°, - 103.35°], McConnell leg. (2 ♀ CMNH) ; same locality, Crawford leg. (1 ♀ CMNH) ; Mexico: Tejupilco [de Hidalgo] [18.91°, -100.15°], vi.1935, H.E. Hinton, R.L. Usinger leg., Blackwelder coll. (1 ♁ AMNH) ; Morelos: Cuernavaca [18.92°, -99.23°] (1 ♀ NMW) ; Yautepec [18.88°, -99.07°], Höge leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK) ; Oaxaca: unknown locality, Höge leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK) ; Sonora: San Bernardo, Rio Mayo [27.40°, -108.84°], 25.viii.[19]35, FMNHINS3989855 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Sinaloa: La Capilla del Taxte [23.42°, -105.86°], 1250m, 27.vi.1977, J. Rawlins leg. (1 ♀ CMNH) ; Veracruz: Córdoba [18.89°, -96.94°], Salle leg. (2 ♁, 2 ♀ NHMUK) ; El Mirador [19.21°, -96.84°], Höge leg., Sharp coll. (8 ♁, 10 ♀ NHMUK) ; same locality, Höge leg., Sharp coll., FMNHINS3975368, FMNHINS3975366 (2 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; Fortín de las Flores [18.90°, -97.00°], 28.vi.1975, sifting, L.E. Watrous leg., FMNHINS3989853, FMNHINS3989854 (2 ♁ FMNH) ; Lake Catemaco [18.40°, -95.00°], 24–25.v.1969, H. Howden leg. (1 ♁ CNC) ; same locality, 8–16.viii.1960, H. Howden leg. (1 ♁ CNC) ; San Andrés Tuxtla [18.45°, -95.21°], Salle leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK) ; same locality (1 ♀ USNM) ; Xalapa-Enríquez [19.54°, -96.93°], Höge leg. (1 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK) ; Zongolica [18.67°, -97.00°], Fry coll., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3989847 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; unknown state: unknown locality, Flohr leg. (6 ♁, 7 ♀ NHMUK; 3 ♁, 7 ♀ MFNB) ; unknown locality, Hayne leg. (2 ♁ MFNB); unknown locality, Salle leg. (1 ♁ NHMUK); unknown locality, Fry coll., Bernhauer coll., FMNHINS3989848, FMNHINS3989846 (1 ♁, 1 ♀ FMNH) ; unknown locality, Stark leg. (1 ♁ MFNB); unknown locality, Kraatz coll. (5 ♁, 1 ♀ SDEI) ; NICARAGUA: Chontales: unknown locality, Janson leg., Sharp coll. (3 ♁, 2 ♀ NHMUK) ; same data and FMNHINS3975469, FMNHINS3975470 (2 ♁ FMNH) ; Granada: Res. Nat. Volcán Mombacho [11.842°, -86.012°], 375 m, 1.vi.2002, under fermenting guanacaste lumber, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, S. Chatzimanolis leg., SM0555367, SM0413223, SM0413222, SM0555369, SM0413221, SM0555368, SM0413220, SM0413219, SM0413218 (2 ♁, 6 ♀ SEMC; 1 ♁ UTCI) ; PANAMA: Chiriquí: Bugaba [8.48°, -82.62°], 244–457m, Champion leg., Sharp coll. (2 ♀ NHMUK; 1 ♁ MFNB) ; Volcán de Chiriquí [8.81°, -82.54°], 762–1219 m, Champion leg., Sharp coll. (10 ♁, 9 ♀ NHMUK) ; same locality, 762–1219 m, Champion leg., Sharp coll., FMNHINS3975471 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; same locality, 762–1219 m, Godman, Salvin coll. (1 ♀ MCZ) ; same locality, 610–914 m, Champion leg., Sharp coll. (2 ♁, 1 ♀ NHMUK; 1 ♁ AMNH; 1 ♁ USNM) ; Darién: Santa Fe [8.65°, -78.16°], iv.–v.[19]67, D.M. Delong, C.A. Triplehorn leg. FMNHINS3989905 (1 ♀ FMNH) ; Panamá: Barro Colorado Island [9.15°, -79.85°], 20–25.vi.1924, N. Banks leg. (5 ♁, 3 ♀ MCZ) 8km SW Gamboa [9.14°, -79.77°], 11.v.[19]84, H Stockwell leg., FMNHINS3989916 (1 ♁ FMNH) ; Panamá Oeste: [PN De Cerro Campana] Cerro Campana [8.71°, -79.95°], 884 m, 2.viii.1970, J.M. Campbell (1 ♀ CNC) .

Diagnosis. Photinopygus viridipennis belongs in the concave pronotum species group. Among species of that group that have pronotum with dense punctation (i.e., with 5–9 organized rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line), antennomeres 4–5 longer than wide, and sternite 7 in males with porose structure, P. viridipennis can be recognized by the following combination of characters: sternite 8 in males with large but narrow V-shaped emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 228 View FIGURES 227–230 ), and aedeagus with median lobe in lateral view without subapical tooth ( Fig. 231 View FIGURES 231–233 ).

Description. Forebody ( Fig. 227 View FIGURES 227–230 ) length 5.5–6.9 mm. Color of head, pronotum and mesoscutellum dark brown to black; antennae orange; legs dark brown to black except protarsi dark orange (in some specimens meso-, metatarsi light brown); elytra metallic blue with green or purple overtones; abdomen dark brown to black except segments 7–8 (orange). Antenna ( Fig. 230 View FIGURES 227–230 ) with antennomere 3 without tomentose pubescence; antennomere 4 with tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 4–7 longer than wide; antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate. Head transverse; HW/HL ratio = 1.28–1.61. Posterior margin of head slightly extended posteriad on each side of neck. Head with medium-sized punctures, distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures but punctures denser posteriorly. Left mandible with bicuspid tooth. Pronotum ( Fig. 229 View FIGURES 227–230 ) subquadrate; PW/PL ratio = 1.00–1.06. Lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view posteriad of midpoint concave; pronotum with 7–8 dense rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line; distance between punctures as wide as 1–2 punctures but areas of pronotum without punctures. EL/PL ratio = 1.32–1.41. Elytra with dense punctation; distance between punctures as wide as 0–0.5 punctures. Metepisternum covered with punctures (impunctate area less than 1/3). Abdomen with tergites 3–4 setose; tergites 3–5 with curved carina (arch-like). In males, sternite 7 with large porose structure, sternite 7 with narrow deep emargination posteriorly; sternite 8 with large V-shaped emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 228 View FIGURES 227–230 ). Aedeagus as in Figs. 231–233 View FIGURES 231–233 ; in dorsal view paramere expanding to rounded apex; paramere slightly shorter and narrower (except apically) than median lobe; in lateral view paramere becoming narrower near tip; paramere with peg setae as in Fig. 233 View FIGURES 231–233 . Median lobe in dorsal view converging to narrow pointed tip; in lateral view median lobe becoming much narrower; median lobe without subapical or apical tooth.

Distribution. Known from the Mesoamerican and Pacific biogeographic dominions. Distributed in the province of San José in Costa Rica, the departments of Antioquia and Magdalena in Colombia, the department of Guatemala in Guatemala, the department of Cortés in Honduras, the states of Chiapas, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, Morelos, Oaxaca, Sonora, Sinaloa and Veracruz in Mexico, the department of Chontales and Granada in Nicaragua, and the provinces of Chiriquí, Darién, Panamá and Panamá Oeste in Panama. Map is shown in Fig. 234 View FIGURE 234 .

Habitat. Collected at low to mid elevation (183–1360m) with malaise traps, near water, under bark and fungus, and under fermenting guanacaste lumber.

Remarks. In some specimens, the pronotum appears slightly narrower than other species of Photinopygus with large porose structure on sternite 7, however, it is rather hard to quantify that narrowness. Likewise, because the pronotum appears slightly narrower than other species, one may incorrectly key P. viridipennis to couplet 17 instead of 20 (see key below); however, the presence of porose structure on sternite 7 and the large emargination on sternite 8 should confidently place this species on couplet 20.

Key to the species of Photinopygus View in CoL

The key becomes progressively harder to use after couplet 12; after that point, all Photinopygus species look superficially similar with dark brown to black head and pronotum, and metallic blue (with overtones of green and purple) elytra. However, all Photinopygus species have rather distinct aedeagi, and dissected genitalia can greatly assist in the identification of the various species.

1. Tomentose pubescence absent on antennomere 3 ( Fig. 82 View FIGURE )..................................................... 2

- Tomentose pubescence present on antennomere 3.................................... P. corcovadoensis (Scheerpeltz) View in CoL

2. Elytra with rainbow-like coloration, unique within Xanthopygina View in CoL ( Figs. 169 View FIGURES 169–172 , 220 View FIGURES 220–223 ).................................. 3

- Elytra not as above.................................................................................... 4

3. Pronotum reddish-brown ( Fig. 171 View FIGURES 169–172 ); endophallus with single lobe ( Fig. 174 View FIGURES 173–175 ); in lateral view median lobe narrower apically and subapical tooth less pronounced ( Fig. 173 View FIGURES 173–175 ; compare with Fig. 224 View FIGURES 224–226 )............................. P. mirabilis (Erichson) View in CoL

- Pronotum black ( Fig. 222 View FIGURES 220–223 ); endophallus with two lobes ( Fig. 225 View FIGURES 224–226 ); in lateral view median lobe wider apically and subapical tooth more pronounced ( Fig. 224 View FIGURES 224–226 ; compare with Fig. 173 View FIGURES 173–175 )..................... P. thafmasios Chatzimanolis , new species

4. Head and pronotum with metallic shiny purple coloration ( Figs. 124, 126 View FIGURES 124–127 ); left mandible with a single tooth ( Fig. 124 View FIGURES 124–127 )................................................................................... P. haemorrhoidalis (Germar) View in CoL

- Head and pronotum without metallic purple coloration (coloration dark brown to black); left mandible with a bicuspid tooth ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1–6 )............................................................................................. 5

5. Elytra orange ( Figs. 15 View FIGURES 15–18 , 109 View FIGURES 109–112 , 191 View FIGURES 191–194 )........................................................................ 6

- Elytra with metallic coloration, either blue, blue-green, blue-purple, golden-green, or vibrant green.................... 8

6. Mesoscutellum dark brown to black, different coloration than the elytra ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 15–18 ); in males, median lobe in lateral view with an S-like curve near apex ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 19–21 )....................................... P. alloportokalis Chatzimanolis , new species

- Mesoscutellum orange, same coloration as elytra ( Figs. 109 View FIGURES 109–112 , 191 View FIGURES 191–194 ); in males, median lobe in lateral view with an apical hook-like structure ( Figs. 113 View FIGURES 113–115 , 195 View FIGURES 195–197 )............................................................................ 7

7. In males, apical tip of paramere rounded in dorsal view ( Figs. 114–115 View FIGURES 113–115 ); only known from Bolivia...................................................................................................... P. dimidiatus (Bernhauer) View in CoL

- In males, apical tip of paramere emarginate in dorsal view ( Figs. 196–197 View FIGURES 195–197 ); known from Central America and Colombia........................................................................................ P. rufipennis (Sharp) View in CoL

8. Elytra with metallic golden-green coloration ( Fig.56 View FIGURES 56–60 ), unique among Photinopygus View in CoL .................................................................................................... P. chryselytros Chatzimanolis new species

- Elytra with metallic blue, blue-green, blue-purple, or vibrant green coloration..................................... 9

9. Antennomere 4 quadrate ( Figs. 213, 216 View FIGURES 213–216 ); aedeagus as in Figs. 217–219.......................... P View in CoL View FIGURES 217–219 . tepidus (Erichson)

- Antennomere 4 longer than wide........................................................................ 10

10. Antennomere 5 quadrate or subquadrate ( Figs. 7, 10 View FIGURES 7–10 , 71, 74 View FIGURES 71–74 ); antennae ( Figs. 10 View FIGURES 7–10 , 74 View FIGURES 71–74 ) black or dark brown.............. 11

- Antennomere 5 longer than wide; antennae coloration varies.................................................. 12

11. Paramere much longer than median lobe in lateral view ( Fig. 75 View FIGURES 75–77 ); median lobe (in lateral view) with a subapical tooth ( Fig. 75 View FIGURES 75–77 ).............................................................................. P. chrysurus (Nordmann)

- Paramere shorter than median lobe in lateral view ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 11–13 ); median lobe (in lateral view) with characteristic hook-like apical tooth ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 11–13 )........................................................ P. akrodontis Chatzimanolis , new species

12. Posteriad of midpoint, lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view convex ( Figs. 25 View FIGURES 23–26 , 42 View FIGURES 40–43 , 103 View FIGURES 101–104 , 133 View FIGURES 131–134 , 208 View FIGURES 206–209 ); in males, sternite 7 without porose structure (e.g., Fig. 24 View FIGURES 23–26 ); sternite 8 with emargination posteriorly having a ‘shaved’ (glabrous) margin (e.g., Fig. 41 View FIGURES 40–43 ). Convex pronotum species group..................................................................... 13

- Posteriad of midpoint, lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view concave (e.g., Fig. 200 View FIGURES 198–201 or strongly convergent (e.g., Fig 179 View FIGURES 177–180 ); in males sternite 7 with (e.g., Fig. 199 View FIGURES 198–201 ) or without porose structure; sternite 8 with emargination posteriorly not having a ‘shaved’ (glabrous) margin (e.g., Fig. 199 View FIGURES 198–201 ; except P. cotopaxi but lateral margins of pronotum not convex)............. 16

13. Tergite 5 with complete curved carina (arch-like) ( Figs. 101 View FIGURES 101–104 , 131 View FIGURES 131–134 ).............................................. 14

- Tergite 5 with curved carina (arch-like) only at lateral margins ( Figs. 23 View FIGURES 23–26 , 40 View FIGURES 40–43 , 206 View FIGURES 206–209 )................................. 15

14. Antennomeres 8–10 transverse ( Fig. 134 View FIGURES 131–134 ); sternite 8 with small U-shaped emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 132 View FIGURES 131–134 ); aedeagus as in Figs. 135–137 View FIGURES 135–137 ; paramere in dorsal view not as wide as the paramere of P. cyanipennis View in CoL (compare Figs 136–137 View FIGURES 135–137 with Figs. 106–107 View FIGURES 105–107 )............................................................................. P. hilaris (Erichson) View in CoL

- Antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate ( Fig. 104 View FIGURES 101–104 ); sternite 8 with medium V-shaped emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 102 View FIGURES 101–104 ); aedeagus as in Figs. 105–107 View FIGURES 105–107 ; paramere in dorsal view wider than the paramere of P. hilaris View in CoL (compare Figs. 106–107 View FIGURES 105–107 with Figs 136–137 View FIGURES 135–137 )................................................................................... P. cyanipennis (Sharp) View in CoL

15. Aedeagus as in Figs. 27–29 View FIGURES 27–29 ; in dorsal view paramere gradually converging to broad rounded apex; paramere longer and wider than median lobe; paramere with peg setae in multiple lateral rows as in Fig. 29 View FIGURES 27–29 ; median lobe with small subapical tooth......................................................................................... P. apicalis (Sharp) View in CoL

- Aedeagus as in Figs. 44–46 View FIGURES 44–46 ; in dorsal view paramere almost parallel-sided, converging to pointed apex; paramere shorter and wider (apically) than median lobe; paramere with peg setae in multiple short lateral rows as in Fig. 46 View FIGURES 44–46 ; median lobe with large subapical tooth....................................................................... P. calidus (Erichson) View in CoL

- Aedeagus as in Figs. 210–212 View FIGURES 210–212 ; in dorsal view paramere almost parallel-sided with rounded apex; paramere shorter and narrower than median lobe; paramere with lateral rows of peg setae as in Fig. 212 View FIGURES 210–212 ; median lobe with small hook-like subapical tooth................................................................. P. schedonapicalis Chatzimanolis , new species

16. Posteriad of midpoint, lateral margins of pronotum strongly convergent; Figs. 33 View FIGURES 31–34 , 50 View FIGURES 48–51 , 118 View FIGURES 116–119 , 156 View FIGURES 153–157 , 179 View FIGURES 177–180 ); pronotum with sparse punctation (i.e., with 3–5 loosely organized rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line); in males, sternite 7 without porose structure (e.g., Fig. 117 View FIGURES 116–119 ). Narrow pronotum species group (in part)................................. 17

- Posteriad of midpoint, lateral margins of pronotum in dorsal view concave (i.e., margins initially decreasing in width from midpoint, before they start increasing in width near posterior margin), which results in pronotum appearing more rectangular ( Figs. 66 View FIGURES 64–67 , 88 View FIGURES 86–89 , 96 View FIGURES 94–97 , 141 View FIGURES 139–142 , 148 View FIGURES 146–149 , 163 View FIGURES 161–164 , 186 View FIGURES 184–187 , 200 View FIGURES 198–201 , 229 View FIGURES 227–230 ); pronotum with dense punctation (i.e., with 5–9 organized rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line); in males, sternite 7 with (e.g., Fig. 199 View FIGURES 198–201 ) or without porose structure. Concave pronotum species group (in part)........................................................................ 20

17. Aedeagus with tip of paramere in dorsal view emarginate ( Fig. 182–183 View FIGURES 181–183 ); median lobe in lateral view with strong apical hook-like tooth but no lateral teeth ( Fig. 181 View FIGURES 181–183 )...................................................... P. morosus (Sharp) View in CoL

- Aedeagus with tip of paramere in dorsal view rounded (e.g., Fig. 36 View FIGURES 35–38 , 159 View FIGURES 158–160 ); median lobe in lateral view with lateral teeth, and with or without hook-like apical tooth (e.g., Figs. 35 View FIGURES 35–38 , 158 View FIGURES 158–160 ).................................................... 18

18. Aedeagus with median lobe in lateral view converging to hook-like structure ( Figs. 35 View FIGURES 35–38 , 52 View FIGURES 52–55 , 120 View FIGURES 120–123 )...................... 19

- Aedeagus with median lobe in lateral view converging to a tip without hook-like structure ( Fig. 158 View FIGURES 158–160 )....................................................................................... P. koptopeos Chatzimanolis , new species

19. Aedeagus as in Figs. 35–38 View FIGURES 35–38 ; in dorsal view, paramere with broad rounded apex; paramere as long and as wide as median lobe. Median lobe in dorsal (slightly oblique; Fig. 38 View FIGURES 35–38 ) view converging to hook-like structure, tip of hook-like structure with two well-separated apical peaks; in lateral view hook-like structure with two small lateral teeth.................................................................................................. P. assingi Chatzimanolis , new species

- Aedeagus as in Figs. 52–55 View FIGURES 52–55 ; in dorsal view paramere slightly expanding just before apex; with broad rounded apex; paramere as long and as wide as median lobe. Median lobe in dorsal (slightly oblique; Fig. 55 View FIGURES 52–55 ) view converging to hook-like structure, tip of hook-like structure barely divided into two tightly jointed apical peaks; in lateral view hook-like structure with two large lateral teeth.................................................................... P. chapareanus (Scheerpeltz) View in CoL

- Aedeagus as in Figs. 120–123 View FIGURES 120–123 ; in dorsal view, paramere slightly expanding just before apex; with rounded apex; paramere slightly shorter and as wide as median lobe. Median lobe in dorsal (slightly oblique; Fig. 123 View FIGURES 120–123 ) view converging to hook-like structure, tip of hook-like structure fully divided into two tightly jointed apical peaks; in lateral view hook-like structure with two large lateral teeth................................................................... P. faustus (Erichson) View in CoL

20. Sternite 7 in males without porose structure ( Figs. 65 View FIGURES 64–67 , 87 View FIGURES 86–89 , 95 View FIGURES 94–97 ); sternite 7 with broad shallow emargination posteriorly; sternite 8 in males with small ( Fig. 87 View FIGURES 86–89 ) or medium ( Figs. 65 View FIGURES 64–67 , 95 View FIGURES 94–97 ) U-shaped emargination posteriorly......................... 21

- Sternite 7 in males with porose structure ( Figs. 140 View FIGURES 139–142 , 147 View FIGURES 146–149 , 162 View FIGURES 161–164 , 185 View FIGURES 184–187 , 199 View FIGURES 198–201 , 228 View FIGURES 227–230 ); sternite 7 with narrow deep emargination posteriorly; sternite 8 in males with large, deep U-shaped ( Figs. 140 View FIGURES 139–142 , 147 View FIGURES 146–149 , 162 View FIGURES 161–164 , 185 View FIGURES 184–187 , 199 View FIGURES 198–201 ) or V-shaped ( Fig. 228 View FIGURES 227–230 ) emargination posteriorly.......................................................................................... 23

21. Only known from Cotopaxi province in Ecuador ( Fig. 93 View FIGURE 93 ); sternite 8 in males with small ( Fig. 87 View FIGURES 86–89 ) U-shaped emargination posteriorly; aedeagus as in Figs. 90–92 View FIGURES 90–92 with peg setae distributed mainly medially ( Fig. 92 View FIGURES 90–92 )................................................................................................ P. cotopaxi Chatzimanolis , new species

- Only known from southern Brazil, Argentina or Paraguay ( Figs. 47 View FIGURE 47 , 93 View FIGURE 93 ); sternite 8 in males with medium ( Figs. 65 View FIGURES 64–67 , 95 View FIGURES 94–97 ) U-shaped emargination posteriorly; aedeagi as in Figs. 68–70 View FIGURES 68–70 , 98–100 View FIGURES 98–100 , with peg setae distributed in lateral rows along the paramere border ( Figs. 70 View FIGURES 68–70 , 100 View FIGURES 98–100 )......................................................................... 22

22. Antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate ( Fig. 97 View FIGURES 94–97 ); antennomeres 4–10 dark brown (color consistent among specimens); tip of paramere ( Fig. 100 View FIGURES 98–100 ) wider than in P. chrysopygus View in CoL ( Fig. 70 View FIGURES 68–70 )........................................... P. cyanelytrius (Perty) View in CoL

- Antennomeres 8–10 transverse ( Fig. 67 View FIGURES 64–67 ); antennomeres 4–10 orange (color consistent among specimens); tip of paramere ( Fig. 70 View FIGURES 68–70 ) narrower than in P. cyanelytrius View in CoL ( Fig. 100 View FIGURES 98–100 )......................................... P. chrysopygus (Nordmann) View in CoL

23. Sternite 8 in males with large deep U-shaped emargination posteriorly ( Figs. 140 View FIGURES 139–142 , 147 View FIGURES 146–149 , 162 View FIGURES 161–164 , 185 View FIGURES 184–187 , 199 View FIGURES 198–201 ); aedeagus with median lobe in lateral view with tiny ( Fig. 188 View FIGURES 188–190 ) or small subapical tooth ( Figs. 143 View FIGURES 143–145 , 150 View FIGURES 150–152 , 165 View FIGURES 165–167 , 202 View FIGURES 202–204 ).......................... 24

- Sternite 8 in males with large but narrower V-shaped emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 228 View FIGURES 227–230 ); aedeagus with median lobe in lateral view without subapical tooth ( Fig. 231 View FIGURES 231–233 )................................................... P. viridipennis (Sharp) View in CoL

24. Sternite 7 in males with narrow, deep and ‘shaved’ (appearing glabrous and ‘excavated’) emargination posteriorly ( Fig. 185 View FIGURES 184–187 ); aedeagus with median lobe in lateral view with tiny ( Fig. 188 View FIGURES 188–190 ) subapical tooth; antennomeres 8–10 transverse ( Fig. 187 View FIGURES 184–187 ); punctures on head and pronotum appearing deeper ( Figs. 185–186 View FIGURES 184–187 ) than the punctures seen on the species of the following couplets ( Figs. 141 View FIGURES 139–142 , 148 View FIGURES 146–149 , 163 View FIGURES 161–164 , 200 View FIGURES 198–201 ).................................................... P. punctatus (Bernhauer) View in CoL

- Sternite 7 in males with narrow, deep but not ‘shaved’ (appearing glabrous and ‘excavated’) emargination posteriorly ( Figs. 140 View FIGURES 139–142 , 147 View FIGURES 146–149 , 162 View FIGURES 161–164 , 199 View FIGURES 198–201 ); aedeagus with median lobe in lateral view with small subapical tooth ( Figs. 143 View FIGURES 143–145 , 150 View FIGURES 150–152 , 165 View FIGURES 165–167 , 202 View FIGURES 202–204 ); antennomeres 8–10 subquadrate ( Figs. 142 View FIGURES 139–142 , 149 View FIGURES 146–149 , 164 View FIGURES 161–164 , 201 View FIGURES 198–201 ); punctures on head and pronotum ( Figs. 141 View FIGURES 139–142 , 148 View FIGURES 146–149 , 163 View FIGURES 161–164 , 200 View FIGURES 198–201 ) appearing shallower than the punctures seen on P. punctatus View in CoL ( Figs. 185–186 View FIGURES 184–187 )...................................................... 25

25. Aedeagus with paramere longer than median lobe ( Figs. 202–203 View FIGURES 202–204 ); in dorsal view paramere narrow throughout its length ( Fig. 203 View FIGURES 202–204 ) and with a pointed apex; peg setae ( Fig. 204 View FIGURES 202–204 ) sparser than in the species of the following couplet ( Figs. 145 View FIGURES 143–145 , 152 View FIGURES 150–152 , 167 View FIGURES 165–167 ).................................................................................. P. sapphirinus (Erichson) View in CoL

- Aedeagus with paramere shorter ( Figs. 165 View FIGURES 165–167 ) or subequal to median lobe ( Figs. 143 View FIGURES 143–145 , 150 View FIGURES 150–152 ); in dorsal view paramere wider throughout its length ( Fig. 144 View FIGURES 143–145 , 151 View FIGURES 150–152 , 166 View FIGURES 165–167 ) and with a rounded apex; peg setae ( Figs. 145 View FIGURES 143–145 , 152 View FIGURES 150–152 , 167 View FIGURES 165–167 ) denser than in P. sapphirinus View in CoL ( Fig. 204 View FIGURES 202–204 ).......................................................................................... 26

26. Aedeagus shorter than median lobe ( Fig. 165 View FIGURES 165–167 ); known only from Mexico ( Fig. 168 View FIGURE 168 )..................................................................................................... P. mexicanus Chatzimanolis , new species

- Aedeagus subequal to median lobe ( Figs. 143 View FIGURES 143–145 , 150 View FIGURES 150–152 ); known from SouthAmerica, as far north as Peru and the state of Pernambuco in Brazil. ( Fig. 138 View FIGURE 138 ).................................................................................. 27

27. Pronotum with 8–9 dense rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line ( Fig. 148 View FIGURES 146–149 ); aedeagus with paramere in lateral view expanding before becoming narrower and concave near tip ( Fig. 150 View FIGURES 150–152 ); antennae with antennomeres 4–8 darker in color (coloration consistent among specimens)........................................ P. janthinipennis (Blanchard) View in CoL

- Pronotum with 6–7 rows of punctures on each half beside median impunctate line ( Fig. 141 View FIGURES 139–142 ); aedeagus with paramere in lateral view almost parallel-sided; ( Fig. 143 View FIGURES 143–145 ); antennae with uniform orange color (coloration consistent among specimens).......................................................................................... P. iopterus (Erichson) View in CoL

NHMUK

Natural History Museum, London

FMNH

Field Museum of Natural History

CMNH

The Cleveland Museum of Natural History

AMNH

American Museum of Natural History

NMW

Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien

SEMC

University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute

CNC

Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes

CAS

California Academy of Sciences

MFNB

Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale

USNM

Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History

MCZ

Museum of Comparative Zoology

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Coleoptera

Family

Staphylinidae

Genus

Photinopygus

Loc

Photinopygus viridipennis ( Sharp, 1876 )

Chatzimanolis, Stylianos 2023
2023
Loc

Xanthopygus flohri Sharp, 1884: 345

Sharp, D. 1884: 345
1884
Loc

Xanthopygus viridipennis Sharp, 1876: 428

Sharp, D. 1876: 428
1876
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