Centranthus trinervis ( Viviani 1824a: 67 ) Béguinot (1903: 135)

Bacchetta, Gianluigi, Cambria, Salvatore, Castro, Olga De, Fenu, Giuseppe & Brullo, Salvatore, 2024, Centranthus pontecorvi (Valerianaceae) a new species from Sardinia, Phytotaxa 661 (3), pp. 253-266 : 258-260

2. Centranthus trinervis ( Viviani 1824a: 67) Béguinot (1903: 135) ( Fig. 4 )

(≡) Valeriana trinervis Viviani (1824a: 67)

(≡) Ocymastrum trinerve (Viviani) Kuntze (1891: 303)

Type. FRANCE. Corsica: Valeriana trinervis Viv. , s.d., D. Viviani s.n. (lectotype BOLO, designated by Corrias 1978).

Iconography: Fig.1724, p. 260, Coste (1903) sub Centranthus trinervis ; fig. 49, p. 290, Bouchard (1968) under the name Centranthus nervosus ; fig. 56c, p. 131, Gamisans (1999) under the name Centranthus trinervis .

Description. Plant in tufts 35–55 cm tall when flowering, with several basal branches very branched with axillary twigs 3–26 cm long. Stems fistulous, robust. Leaves green shining, lanceolate, (3–)4.5–7(–9) × (0.8–)1–2.4(–2.6) cm. Inflorescence in thyrse compact to slightly lax (1.5–)2–5.5(–8) cm long at flowering, (3–)4–10(–12) cm long when mature. Bracts ovate-lanceolate 1.2–1.8 mm long. Ovary ovate, 1.3–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, dorsally with a central rib, ventrally with 3 ribs and folded at the edges. Calyx with coronula 0.7–1 mm long, provided with (12–)13–15(–17) teeth, hairs of pappus 3.5–4 mm long, plumose with dense feathers 0.3–0.5 mm long. Corolla pink, 2.5–3.5 mm long, with tube 1.5–1.6 mm long, provided with a small lateral hump, and 5 lobes 0.9–1.2(–1.6) × 0.6–0.8 mm. Staminal filament 0.8–1 mm long, provided with one anther 0.8–0.9 mm long. Style 2.5–3 mm long. Cypsela ovate, 2.5–2.7 × 1.1–1.3 mm.

Phenology. Flowering and fruiting May to June.

Chromosome number. 2 n = 4 x = 32, according to Engel (1976) and Contandriopoulos et al. (1987), the latter emphasized that the previous chromosome complement (2 n = 28), mentioned by Contandriopoulos (1957, 1962) is incorrect.

Ecology and distribution. Centranthus trinervis is a chasmophyte localized in the northern exposed rocky crevices of granitic massif of Trinité ( Fig. 3 ) near Bonifacio ( Corsica), at an altitude of 140–200 m a.s.l. It grows on Permo Triassic alkaline granites, together with other rupicolous species, such as Asplenium billotii Schultz (1845: 738) , Asplenium obovatum Viviani (1824a: 68) , Melica minuta Linnaeus (1767: 32) , Umbilicus rupestris ( Salisbury 1796: 307) Dandy in Riddelsdell et al. (1948: 611), Asplenium ceterach Linnaeus (1753: 1080) , Sedum dasyphyllum Linnaeus (1753: 431) , Cymbalaria aequitriloba ( Viviani 1824a: 68) Chevalier (1937: 646) , within the thermo-mediterranean bioclimatic belt ( Contandriopoulos et al. 1987, Gamisans 1999).

Conservation status. Centranthus trinervis is currently represented by a single population, with the number of mature individuals showing extreme fluctuations over time (69–145 individuals were recorded by Revaka et al. 2012). The natural and anthropic threats that could lead to extinction in the wild primarily include competition with the evergreen vine Smilax aspera , cliff erosion, fires, sport activities related to free-climbing, and the collection of specimens for herbarium material, as emphasized by Revaka et al. (2012). The current areaoccupied by this species, using a grid of 2× 2 km, both the AOO and the EOO is 4 km 2. According to IUCN (2001) criteria, Pasta et al. (2017) treated C. trinervis as Critically Endangered [CR = B1ac(iv)+2ac(iv); C2b] at global level.

Specimens examined. FRANCE. Corsica: A la montaigne de l’ermitage prés de Bonifacio, dicta la Trinité , May 1822, Soleiroil 63 (P04350810!) ; Corsica, 1824, D. Viviani (isotype G00726430!) ; Corsica, 1826?, D. Viviani (isotype G-DC10638/1!) ; Sta Trinita , 1837, G. Forrest s.n. (G10619/1!, G10621/1!) ; Sta. Trinità , 1837, A. de Forestier s.n. ( VTA045172 !) ; Bonifacio della Trinità , s.d., A. de Forestier, s.n. (P0435900!) ; Bonifacio, fentes de l’escarpment de la Trinité , 29 May 1841, s.l. ( NCY0045641 !) ; Bonifacio , s.d., A. de Forestier, s.n., (P04350905!) ; Bonifacio a la Trinità (Corse), May 1842, s.l. ( MPU1137412 !) ; Bonifacio , s.d., C.T.A. Jordan s.n. (G 10623/1!) ; Mont Trinité, prés Bonifacio , 1843, Bernard s.n. (P04350808!) ; Bonifacio , 1843, C.T.A. Jordan s.n. (G00344119!) ; Bonifacio , s.d., C.T.A. Jordan, s.n. ( BR0000034856154 !) ; Bonifacio , rochers de la Trinité, 11 June 1876, E. Reverchon 230 ( LYO308702 !) ; Bonifacio (Corse), May 1879, E. Reverchon s.n. ( CLF044499 !) ; Bonifacio , sur les rochers de la Trinité, sur le granite, May 1880, E. Reverchon 273 (P04350898!) ; Bonifacio , route de la Trinité, 27 June 1880, E. Reverchon s.n. ( LYO308689 !) ; Bonifacio ( Trinitè ), 27 June 1880, E. Reverchon s.n. ( AMD0006675 !) ; Bonifacio , rochers granitiques de la Trinité, 27 June 1880, E. Reverchon 273 (G10612/1!, BR000003486123!) ; Bonifacio , rochers de la Trinité, 27 June 1880, E. Reverchon 273 (G-BU10652/1!, G10611/1!; P00326369!, BR0000034856130!, BR000003486147!, P04350855!, L2972940!, P04350892!, P04350897!, P04350899!, LYO308693!, LYO0001226!, CLF183558!, MPU1136125 !) ; Bonifacio , rochers granitiques de la Trinité, 27 June 1880, E. Reverchon 273 (G10612/1!; G10615/1!; G41860/1!) ; Bonifacio , rochers de la Trinité, 27 June 1880, Tillet s.n. ( LYO308701 !) ; Rochers, montaigne de la Trinité prés Bonifacio , 14 May 1895, J. Stefani s.n. (P00326564!) ; Rochers, à la montagne de la Trinité prés Bonifacio , 19 May 1895, J. Stefani s.n. (LMS00346!, LYO03008700!) ; Rochers de la Trinité prés Bonifacio , 26 May 1900, J. Stefani s.n. ( BR0000034856178 !) ; Montagne de Trinité, Cartu Saparicalli , 27 May 1902, J. Stefani 692 (G-BU10660/1!) ; Bonifacio , montagne de la Trinité, 28 May 1910, J. Stefani s.n. (G10624/1!) ; Bonifacio , rochers de la Trinité, 20 June 1910, J. Stefani 802 (LYO0308686!, CLF044500 !) ; Bonifacio , brèche granitique de la Trinité, May 1911, J. Stefani 7487 (P00326572!) ; Fentes des rochers de la Trinité prés Bonifacio , 18 May 1911, J. Stefani s.n. (P004350833!) ; Roches granitiques de la Trinité, prés Bonifacio , 28 May 1911, J. Stefani s.n. ( SLA027995 !) ; Dans les rochers de la Trinité. Roches granitiques de Bonifacio , 28 May 1914, J. Stefani s.n. (G-BU10661/1!) ; Bonifacio , rochers de la Trinité, June 1914, J. Stefani s.n. (G00344120!) ; Bonifacio, Corse, rochers de la Trinité , June 1914, P. Coustirier s.n. (P00326566!) ; Bonifacio , rochers de la Trinité, ou la plant est trés rare, 16 May 1927, J. Chevalier s.n. (P00326565!) ; Roches au Col de la Trinité , May 1959, Pelegrins ( BR0000034856161 !) ; Prés Bonifacio. La Trinité , cheminée[?] au N., 8 August 1967, R. Deschâtres s.n. (G00378683!) ; La Trinité , couloir face N., April 1968, R. Deschâtres s.n. (G00378684!) ; Bonifacio, Mont de la Trinité , 20 May 1968, R. Salanon, s.n. (G 10637/1!) ; La Trinité de Bonifaziu , versant N, 130 m, 14 May 1987, J. Gamisans 12872 (G00187341!) ; Secteur Ospedale-Cagna , 41.25 N 9.07 E, versant NW du mont au NW du Mont de la Trinité, 140–170 m, 24 June 1990, D. Jeanmonod, & M.-A. Thiébaud J5223 (G 1795/1!) ; M.te della Trinità, Bonifacio (Corsica). Rupi granitiche subverticali, esp.ne N- 130 m slm, 9 June 2002, Arduino & R. Guarino s.n. (CAG!) ; Bonifacio , s.d., G. Gay, s.n. (K000762911!) ; Sta. Trinità (Corse), s.d., D. Leveilli s.n. (P00326571!) ; In fissuris Montis alla Trinità (Corse), s.d., s.l. ( MPU1137413 !) ; Bonifacio , s.d., Dumortier s.n. ( WAG1188520 !) ; In fixuris Montis Trinitatis, Bonifacio , s.d., M. Belair s.n. (P04350812!) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. General distribution of the species belonging to the Centranthus sect. Nervosae (A). C. trinervis yellow dot, C. amazonum blu dots, C. pontecorvoi red dot. Local distribution of C. pontecorvoi (B) red area.

FIGURE 4. Diagnostic features of Centranthus trinervis. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flowers. D. Cypsela ventral view. E. Cypsela dorsal view. F. Cypsela with pappus above view. G. Cypsela with pappus lateral view. H. Pappus feathers. I. Anther. J. Stigma. Illustration by S. Brullo based on living and herbarium material coming from the type locality (CAT).