Bathyphysa conifera (Studer, 1878)

Pugh, P. R., 2019, A history of the sub-order Cystonectae (Hydrozoa: Siphonophorae), Zootaxa 4669 (1), pp. 1-91 : 84-87

Bathyphysa conifera (Studer, 1878)

Rhizophysa conifera Studer, 1878a, p. 4 , Pl. 1, figs, 2, 4–7, Pl. 2, figs. 13–18; 1878b, p. 89; Lens van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 106;

Leloup, 1936, p. 19. Bathyphysa abyssorum Studer, 1878a, p. 21 , Pl. 3; Haeckel, 1888b, p. 248; Chun 1897a, p. 104; Schneider, 1898, p. 171; Lens &

van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 105; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321, 351; Leloup, 1936, p. 19, Pl. I, fig. 7–8; Carré & Carré, 1995, p. 561. Pterophysa grandis Fewkes, 1886, p. 969 , Pl. 10, figs. 1-3; 1889, p. 515 Chun, 1897, p. 104; Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p.

107, Pl. 19, Pl. 34, figs. 167–170; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321; Leloup, 1936, p. 20 Bathyphysa grandis Haeckel, 1888b, p. 249 . Linophysa conifera Haeckel, 1888a, p. 45 ; 1888b, p. 326. Bathyphysa grimaldii Bedot, 1893, p. 4 , Pl. 1; 1904, p. 14, Pls. 3–4; Chun, 1897, p. 104; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321, 351 Leloup,

1936, p. 21, Pl. I, fig. 1, 3–4; Kawamura, 1947, p. 95, figs. 1–5; 1954, p. 120, text-fig. 2, Pl. V, fig. 1–, Pl. VI, fig. 1–2, Pl.

VII, fig. 1–7; Patriti, 1970, p. 75, fig. 106. Pterophysa abyssorum Schneider, 1898, p. 171 . Pterophysa conifera Schneider, 1898, p. 171 ; Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 106; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321. Pterophysa grimaldii Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 107 Pterophysa (Bathyphysa) studeri Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 111 , Pl. 20, fig. 149, Pl. 22, figs. 153–155, 157–159, Pl. 23, fig. 165, Pl. 25, fig. 171; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321, 351; Leloup, 1936, p. 21.

Bathyphysa conifera Leloup, 1936, p. 23 , Pl. I, fig. 2, 5–6, Pl. II; 1955a, p. 14, fig. 4–6, 1955b, p. 17; Totton, 1965; p. 43, Pl. V, fig.3, Pl. VI, fig. 1–4; Janssen et al 1989, p. 198; Jones & Pugh, 2016, p. 1.

Bathyphysa sibogae Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908

Bathyphysa sibogae Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 114 , Pl. 20, fig. 148. Pl. 23, figs. 160–164, Pl. 24; Bigelow, 1911, p. 321, 351; Leloup, 1936, p. 22, Pl. I, fig. 9; Totton, 1965, p. 43, Pl. V, fig. 2; Biggs & Harbison, 1976, p. 14, fig. 1–4; Dunn & Wagner, 2006, p. 745, fig. 3;

Physalia physalis Linné, 1758

Holothuria physalis Linnaeus, 1758, p. 657 ; 1759, p. 254, Pl. III, fig. 6; 1760, p. 657; 1767, p. 1090; 1772, p. 198; Osbeck,

1765, p. 371 (non Plate 12 legend); 1771, p. 105, Pl. 12, fig. 1; Hjortberg, 1769, p. 226, Pl. VII (partim); Torén, 1771, p.

166, 262; Gmelin, 1788, p. 3139; Voigt, 1806, p. 507; Blumenbach, 1814, p. 443; Bennett, 1834, p. 6; Griffith & Pidgeon,

1834, p. 490, Zoophytes pl. 5, fig. 1; Chun, 1897a, p. 86;: Burmeister, 1885–1891, p. 2. Holothuria velificans Osbeck, 1765 , Pl. 12, fig. 1; 1771 (Part 1, Pl. 12, fig. 1; Part 2, pp, 74; Torén, 1865, p. 166, 263; De Haan,

1827, p. 496; Chun, 1897a, p. 86. Medusa caravella O. F. Müller, 1776, p. 190 , Pl. 2, fig. 2; Gmelin, 1788, p. 3156; de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 44; 1824b, p. 321

[both citing Linné as the authority]; De Haan, 1827, p. 500; Spagnolini, 1869, p. 642; 1870, p. 40. Meduse La Martinière, 1787, p. 365, Pl. 2, figs. 13–14; Medusa utriculus Gmelin, 1788, p. 3155 ; La Perouse, 1797, atlas, Pl. 20, figs. 13–14; Blainville, 1830, p. 102; 1834, p. 113;

Lamarck, 1840, p. 94; Fenner et al., p. 500, fig. 1; Gershwin et al, 2010, p. 79, Fig. 4 A–C; Chun, 1897a, p. 86. Physsophora physalis Modeer, 1789, p. 285 , Pl. 10, figs. 1-2. Physalia pelagica Lamarck, 1801, p. 356 ; 1816, p.480; 1840, p. 92; Tilesius, 1810, p. 184; Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 421, Pl. 35, fig.

2; de Fréminville, 1824a, p. 42; 1824b, pp. 320; de Haan, 1827, p. 496; Deslonchamps, 1828, p.468; Eschscholtz, 1829, p.

162; Olfers, 1832, p. 38; Bennett, 1837, p.43; 1860, p. 5; Lesson, 1843, p. 545; Thompson, 1844, p. 281; Huxley, 1859, p.

100; Chun, 1887, p. 557; 1897a, p. 87; 1897b, p. 8; Haeckel, 1888b, p. 351; Burmeister, 1885-91, p. 13; Mayer, 1900, p.

73. Physalia pelasgica Bosc, 1802, p. 159 , Pl. 19, figs. 1-2; 1830, p. 198, Pl. 16, figs. 1-2; Bory de St Vincent, 1804, Vol III, p. 288,

Pl. 54, fig. 1 (Atlas); Blainville, 1830, p. 103; Bennett, 1834, p.6;1837, p. 43; Chun, 1897a, p. 87. Physalia gigantea Bory de St. Vincent, 1804 , Vol III, p. 289. Physalia Australis Péron, 1807 , p. 210; Lesson, 1826, Pl. 5, figs. 1-2; 1830, p. 38; Chun 1887, p. 558; 1897b, p. 8. Physalia megalista Lesueur & Petit, 1807 , Pl. 29, fig. 1; De Haan, 1827, p. 496; Lamarck, 1840, p. 94; Olfers, 1832, p. 32. Physalis arethusa Tilesius, 1810, p. 298 ; Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 420, Pl. 35, fig. 1; Blainville, 1826, p. 131; De Haan, 1827, p.

497; Chun, 1897a, p. 558. Physalis glauca Tilesius, 1810, p. 300 ; Blainville, 1826, p. 131; 1830, p. 103; 1834, p. 113; De Haan, 1827, p. 496. Physalis pelagica Tilesius, 1810, p. 302 ; Lamarck, 1816, p. 480; Blainville, 1826, p. 132; 1834, p. 113; Lesson, 1830, p. 41. Physalis lamartinieri Tilesius, 1810, p. 309; Eschscholtz, 1825, p. 744; Blainville, 1826, p. 132; 1830, p. 103; 1834, p. 113 De

Haan, 1827, p. 496; Olfers, 1832, p. 36. Physalis cornuta Tilesius, 1810, p. 314 ; Blainville, 1826, p. 132; 1834, p. 113; De Haan, 1827, p. 496. Physalis osbeckii Tilesius, 1810, p. 314 ; De Haan, 1827, p. 496. Physalia afer Tilesius, 1810, p. 314 , Pl. 1, figs. 14, 16; De Haan, 1827, p. 496. Arethusa caravella Oken, 1815, p. 128 . Physalis pelagica Lamarck, 1816, p. 480 . Physalis tuberculosa Lamarck, 1816, p. 480 ; 1840, p. 93; Lesson, 1826, Pl. 5, fig. 3; 1830, p. 40; Blainville, 1834, p. 113; Chun,

1887, p. 558; 1897b, p. 8. Physalis megalista Lamarck, 1816, p. 481 . Physalis elongata Lamarck, 1816, p. 481 . Physalia arethus a Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 420, Pl. 35, fig. 1; Eschscholtz, 1825, p. 744; De Haan, 1827, p. 496, Blainville, 1830,

p. 103; Lesson, 1830, p. 41; Olfers, 1832, p. 3, Pl. I, II; van der Hoeven, 1856, p. 112, L. Agassiz, 1862, pp. 335, 367, Pl.

35; A. Agassiz, 1865, p. 215, fig. 351; Fewkes, 1880, p. 139; 1883, p. 79; 1889, p. 518; Burmeister, 1885–91, p. 13: Chun,

1882b, p. 55; 1887, p. 557; 1897a, p. 89; Vanhöffen, 1906, p. 36, figs. 55-57; Koeppern, 1913, p. 18, figs. 1-3. Physalia lamartinieri Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 421; De Haan, 1827, p. 496; Blainville, 1830, p. 113; Lesson, 1830, p. 41. Physalia osbeckii Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 421 ; De Haan, 1827, p. 496; Lesson, 1830, p. 41. Physalia Laperouse Eysenhardt, 1821, p. 421 ; Non Bory de St. Vincent, 1804. Physalia producta Olfers, 1822, pp. 347-356 , Plate I; 1832, p. 32; De Haan, 1827, p. 498. Physalia obverse van Hasselt, 1823, p. 1414; 1824, p. 118; Olfers, 1832, p. 177. Physaliae Eichwald, 1824, p. 453, Pl. XV, figs. 1–7.

Holothuria Thalia de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 43 ; 1824b. p. 321.

Physalia Thalia de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 44 ; 1824b, p. 322.

Physalia cristallina de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 44 ; 1824b, p. 322.

Physalia hyalina de Frémenville, 1824a, p. 44 ; 1824b, 323.

Physalia gaimardi Blainville, 1826, p. 132 ; 1830, p. 103; 1834, p. 113; De Haan, 1827, p. 498

Physalia atlantica Lesson, 1826 , Pl. 4, figs. 3–4; 1830, p. 36; Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834, Pl. 5, fig. 1; Burmeister, 1885–91, p. 13; Chun, 1887, p. 557; 1897b, p. 8.

Physalia antarctica Lesson, 1826 , Pl. 5, fig. 2; 1830, p.39; Burmeister, 1885–91, p. 13.

Physalia azoricum Lesson, 1826 , Pl. 5, fig. 4; 1830, p. 42; 1843, p. 555.

Physalia Boiei De Haan, 1827, p. 502 .

Thalia Brugière et al. 1827, p. 159 , P. 89, fig. 1.

Physalis cystisoma Lesson, 1828 , Pl. after p. 466; 1830, p. 39; 1843, p. 557.

Physalia elongata Lessons, 1828, p. 468 ; Lamarck, 1840, p. 9.

Physalia caravella Eschscholtz, 1829, p. 160 , Pl. 14, fig. 1; Gegenbaur, 1853, p. 340; Huxley, 1859, p. 100; Spagnolioni, 1869, p. 642; Carus, 1885, p. 49; Chun, 1887, p. 557; 1888a, p. 1173; 1888b, p. 245;1897b, p. 8; Bigelow, 1891, p. 90.

Physalia utriculus Eschscholtz, 1829, p. 163 , Pl. 14, fig.2; Blainville, 1834, p. 113; Lamarck, 1840, p. 94; Lesson; 1843, p. 557; Leuckart, 1851, p.190, Pl. 6, figs. 1-6; Huxley, 1859, p. 101, Pl. 10, Pl. 12, fig. 12; Haeckel, 1888b, p. 351; Burmeister, 1885–91, p. 13; Chun 1887, p. 558; 1897a, p. 86; 1897b, p. 8; Agassiz & Mayer, 1902, p. 169, Pl. 10, figs. 43-44; Browne, 1904, p. 744; Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 118, Pl. 24, figs. 175–175; Steche, 1910, p. 361,figs.1–8; Bigelow, 1911, p.321; 1919, p. 347; Browne, 1926, p. 84; Kawamura, 1954, p. 120; Barnes, 1963, p. 7, figs. 1-6; Halstead, 1965, p. 300; Williamson et al., 1996, p. 137; Alam et al, 2002, p. 9; Collins, 2002, p. 420; Yanagihara et al, 2002, p. 139.

Physalia eschholtzi Olfers, 1832, p. 37.

Physalus arethusa Blainville, 1834, p. 113 .

Physalia (Salacia) megalis ta Brandt, 1835, p. 237

Physalia (Salacia) pelagica Brandt, 1835, p. 237

Physalia (Alophota) olfersii Brandt, 1835, p. 237 ; Lesson, 1843, p. 559.

Physalia olfersii Quatrefages, 1854, p. 109 , Pl. 3–4.

Physalia ambigua Brandt, 1835, p. 237 .

Physalia tuberculosa Lamarck, 1840, p. 93

Physalia megalista Lamarck, 1840, p. 94 .

Physalia elongata Lamarck , p. 94.

Physalia aurigera McCrady, 1857, p. 74; Fewkes, 1880, p. 144;

Alophota olfersii Haeckel, 1888a, p. 46

Alophota giltschiana Haeckel, 1888a, p. 46 ; 1888b, p. 348, Pl. 26, figs. 1-3; Chun, 1897a, p. 87.

Arethusa challengeri Haeckel, 1888a, p. 46 ; 1888b, p. 349, Pl. 26, figs. 4-8; Chun, 1897a, p. 87.

Alophota mertensii Haeckel, 1888b, p. 348 .

Arethusa thalia Haeckel, 1888b, p. 349 .

Caravella maxima Haeckel, 1888b, p. 352 .

Caravella gigantea Haeckel, 1888b, p. 352 .

Physalia physalis Schneider, 1898, p. 190 ; Richter, 1907, p. 571, text-figs. 7-12, Pl. 27, figs. 14–18, Pl. 28, figs. 19–26; Steche, 1910, p. 358, figs. 9-10; Bigelow, 1911, p. 322; Moser 1924, fig. 510; 1925, p. 452; Leloup, 1934, p. 2; 1955a, p. 17; 1955b, p. 17; Woodcock, 1944, p. 195, fig.46; 1956, p. 253; Wilson, 1947, p. 139;, Pl. I-III; Totton, 1954, p. 15; 1960, p. 301; 1965a, p. 39, Pl. I, fig. 1; Fagetti, 1958, p. 189, fig.; Tregouboff & Rose, 1957, p. 349, pl. 78, figs. 1–5; Lenhoff & Schneiderman, 1959, p. 452, figs. 1–8; Mackie, 1960, p. 369, text-figs. 1–5, Pls. XXVI-XXVIII; 1965, p. 439, fig. 1;Totton, 1960. p. 303, text-figs. 1–31, Plates VII-XXV; 1965, p. 39, figs.1, 5, 6, Pl. I, fig. 1; Daniel & Daniel, 1963c, p. 189, fig. I, 11–13; Stepanjants, 1966, p. 1619, figs. 2,7; 1967, fig. 1Б, 12, 17, 28, 40-41, 54A; Pickwell, 1967, p. 9, figs. 2,7; Gillet & Yaldwyn, 1969, p. 34, textfigs, 18-19, Pls. 15–16; Patriti, 1970c, p. 76, fig. 107; Hulet et al., 1974, p. 99, fig. 1-8; Daniel, 1974, p. 22, Text-fig. 1A-G; 1982, fig. 1(1–3); 1985, p. 45, fig. 8a-e; Kirkpatrick & Pugh, 1986, p. 26, fig. 5; Southcott, 1982, p. 124, Pl. 13/5; Gili, 1986, p. 265, figs. 4.62k,n, 4.113i; Marsh & Slack-Smith, 1986, p. 13, figs. 9–10; Gasca, 1990a, p. 41, Pl. I, fig. 1; 1990b, p. 111, fig. 1; Bonnemains & Carré, 1991, p. 39, fig. 9; Pagès, 1991, p. 304, fig. 8.1; Fenner at al., 1993, o. 500, fig.2; Carré & Carré, 1995, p. 562, fig. 184; Wrobel & Mills, 1998, p. 45, fig. 59; Pugh, 1999a, p. 479, fig. 3.1; Sutherland & Tibballs, 2001, p. 609, figs.26.13-14; Gao et a l, 2002, p. 64, text-fig. 23; Migotto et al 2002, p. 21, fig. 27; Bouillon et al, 2004, p. 209, fig. 121B–D; 2006, p. 441, Fig. 207A–C; Dunn et al, 2005, p.917, fig.1a; Zhang, 2005, p. 15, fig. 1B, 11; Araujo, 2006, p. 48, Pl. 1, fig. 1; 2012, p. 57; Bardi & Marques, 2007, p. 425, figs. 1–36; Iosilevskii & Weihs, 2009, p. 613, figs. 1,8; Prieto et al, 2015, p. 1; Araya et al, 2016, p. 731.

Physalia physalis var. utriculus Kawamura, 1910, p. 449 , text-figs. 4–6, Pl. XIV, figs.2-6; Dakin & Colefax, 1933, p. 198; 1954, p. 124; Hong, 1964, p. 117, Pl. IX, fig. 1; Tokioka, 1970, p. 183; 1973, p. 141; Park & Song, 2004, p. 34, fig. 2A-D.

Physalis physalis Birsa et al., 2010, p. 429 .

Rhizophysa eysenhardtii Gegenbaur, 1859

Rhizophysa eysenhardtii Gegenbaur, 1859, p. 408 , Pl. 32, figs. 46–49; Fewkes, 1883, p.82, Pl. 1, fig. 1; Chun, 1897, p. 83, Pl. V, fig. 9; Mayer, 1900, p. 72; Lens & van Riemsdijk, 1908, p. 103, Pl. 20, fig. 47, pl. 21, fig. 150, Pl. 24, fig. 172; Kawamura, 1910, p. 445, Pl. XIV, fig. 1–2; 1954, p. 118; Bigelow, 1911, p. 320; Leloup, 1934, p. 2; 1936, p. 15; 1956, p. 475; Daniel & Daniel, 1963, p. 190, fig. II, 1–2; Totton, 1965, p. 42, Pl. I, fig. 3, Pl. V, fig. 1, Pl. VII; Daniel, 1985, p. 53, fig. 10; Pagès, 1991, p. 305, fig. 8.2; Pagès & Gili, 1992, p. 68, fig. 2; Pugh, 1999, p. 480, fig. 3.3; Dunn et al, 2005, p. 922, fig.5–9.

Nectophysa wyvillei Haeckel, 1888a, p. 45 ; 1888b, p. 327, Pl. 23; Agassiz & Mayer, 1902, p.169, Pl.8, fig. 36.

Aurophysa ordinata Haeckel, 1888a, p. 44 ; 1888b, p. 323.

Pneumophysa mertensii Haeckel, 1888a, p. 45 ; 1888b, p. 328.

Rhizophysa mertensii Schneider, 1898, p. 170 .

? Rizophysa planestoma Lesueur & Petit, 1807 , Pl. 39, fig. 3; Eschscholtz, 1829, p. 147; Blainville, 1834, p. 118 [spelt planostoma ]; Lamarck, 1840, p. 83; Lesson, 1843, p. 491.

? Rhizophysa planestoma Eschscholtz, 1829, p. 147 ; Blainville, 1834, p. 118; Lesson, 1843, p. 491.

? Rhizophysa filiformis Huxley, 1859, p.90 , pl. 8, fig. 13–20.

? Rhizophysa inermis Studer, 1878a, p.13 , Pl.1, figs. 3, 8–10.

? Aurophysa inermis Haeckel, 1888a, p.44 ; 1888b, p. 324.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Lower (left) and upper (right) views of Physalis pelasgica. From Bosc (1802, Plate 16, figs. 1 and 2).