Glaucocharis plumbofascialis Matsui, Yagi & Hirowatari, 2024

Matsui, Yuki, Hamaguchi, Junpei, Yagi, Sadahisa & Hirowatari, Toshiya, 2024, Two remarkable new species of Glaucocharis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Crambinae) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, Zootaxa 5543 (1), pp. 83-96 : 89-92

Glaucocharis plumbofascialis Matsui, Yagi & Hirowatari , sp. nov.

( Figs 1B , 2C, 2D , 3B , 4B, 4D , 5B, 5D, 5F , 6B, 6E , 7B, 7C )

(Japanese name: munin-eguri-tsutoga)

Diagnosis. This new species can be easily distinguished from other Glaucocharis species by its distinctive morphological characters, such as the plumbeous postmedial and submarginal fasciae sharply angled outwards at M 1 in the forewing; the valva cucullus with a strongly sclerotized prong and the phallus with a sheath-shaped apical thorn in the male genitalia; and the long square plate-like lamellae postvaginalis and antevaginalis in the female genitalia.

Description. Head ( Fig. 1B ). Frons pale ocherous, anterior margin white. Vertex brown, lateral sides ocherous. Maxillary palpus about 0.7 times longer than compound eye, outer side ocherous basally, pale ocherous apically, inner side white. Labial palpus about 1.6 times longer than compound eye; first palpomere ocherous dorsally, white ventrally; second palpomere with apically expanded scale tuft, ocherous on outer side, white on inner side; third palpomere pale ocherous, with apex pointed. Maxillary and labial palpi strongly upturned in resting posture ( Fig. 7B ). Antennae about 3/4 of forewing length, brown, ciliate in male, filiform in female; scape brown dorsally, white ventrally. Proboscis covered with white scales basally.

Thorax and legs. Thorax brown dorsally, white ventrally. Patagium and tegula brown. Foreleg entirely white. Midleg femur white, ventral side basally gray; tibia gray dorsally, cream white ventrally, inner and outer spurs cream white, inner one slightly longer than outer one; tarsus cream white. Hindleg femur cream white, ventral side black at 2/3 from base; tibia gray dorsally except basal 1/3, cream white ventrally, mid and hind spurs gray, respective inner and outer spurs almost same length; tarsus cream white.

Wings ( Fig. 2C, 2D ). Forewing length 3.1–3.9 mm (mean 3.4 mm, n = 10). Forewing ground color dark brown, outer area of medial fascia ocherous; basal, antemedial, medial, postmedial, and submarginal fasciae plumbeous with blue luster, both sides of each fascia margined with black lines; basal, antemedial, and medial fasciae obscure, angled outwards at M 1; postmedial and submarginal fasciae distinct, sharply angled outwards at M 1, whitish near costa; discal spot ocherous, oval, located at inner angle of medial fascia; two marginal spots irregular, black, located at M 3 and CuA 2 on termen; subapical indentation on termen vestigial; cilia plumbeous basally, dark brown distally. Hindwing ground color brown, distally darker, with whitish fascia subapically; in male, basal area covered with black lustered scales, and a whitish gray fascia along CuA 2; cilia as in forewing.

Wing venation ( Fig. 3B ) (n = 4). Almost as in G. triocellaris , but hindwing lacking A 3, and M 3 and CuA 1 occasionally stalked basally (as in Fig. 3B ).

Abdomen. Dorsally dark brown. Ventrally brown, with posterior margin of each segment white. Tympanal organs ( Fig. 4B ) as in G. triocellaris , but ramus tympani present as horizontal bar connected to venula prima laterally. Male 8th tergite with Y-shaped sclerotization medially ( Fig. 4D ). Male 8th sternite with long square sclerotization medially, posterior margin slightly concave ( Fig. 4D ).

Male genitalia ( Fig. 5B, 5D, 5F ) (n = 9). Uncus long, curved ventrally, apex pointed. Gnathos subtriangular, at right angle from tegumen, dorsal side denticulate apically. Tegumen long, dorso- and ventrolateral margins forming sclerotized ridges; socii finger-shaped with two petaloid lobes apically. Valva slender; cucullus with a strongly sclerotized thorn apically; costal margin with dense long setae, with a short finger-like costal arm at base; sacculus short, triangular. Juxta heart-shaped, lateral sides extended as a pair of ventral arms. Saccus rounded. Phallus tapering posteriorly; apical thorn sheath-shaped, apex truncated; cornuti absent; ductus ejaculatorius connected at anterior end of phallus.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 6B, 6E ) (n = 7). Papillae anales, anterior and posterior apophyses as in those of G. triocellaris . Lamella postvaginalis a long square plate, posterior margin slightly concave medially. Lamella antevaginalis a shorter square plate than lamella postvaginalis, anterior margin folded postero-internally, then strongly constricted and connected to ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous, short and thin. Ductus seminalis located at anterior 2/3 of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovate, approximately 2–3 times longer than ductus bursae, posterior half lightly sclerotized with smooth surface, anterior half membranous, with weak granules; signa absent.

Type material. Holotype. ♂ [JPN: Tokyo-Met.] Mt. Funaki-yama , Haha-jima Is., Ogasawara-mura, 25.ix.2023 (larva), 26.xi.2023 em. (host: Bryopsida spp.), J. Hamaguchi leg., gen. slide no. YM-854 . Paratypes. [Chichijima Is.] 2♀, Asahiyama , 11.vi.2023, T. Hirowatari leg. ; 1♀, same locality and collector, 18.vi.2022 ; 2♂, Asahiyamatenbodai , Sakaiura, 26.vi.2022, SW, S. Yagi leg., gen. slide no. YM-535, YM-789, wing slide no. YM-W-8 ; 1♂, Higashidaira , 18.vi.2022, Shunsuke TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-861, DNA sample id. M23-185 ; 1♀, same locality, 26.vi.2022, T. Hirowatari leg. ; 1♂, Higashi-machi , 11.iii.2023, T. Hirowatari et al. leg .; 1♂, Kuwanokiyama , 19.vi.2022, LT, T. Hirowatari et al.leg .; 3♀,same locality, 23.vi.2022, M.Kimura leg. ; 1♂, Mikazukiyama , 13.vi.2023, T. Hirowatari leg., gen. slide no. YM-792 ; 1♀, Mt. Chûô-san , 19.vi.2023, SW, J.-H. Park leg. ; 1♀, Ogamiyama , 25.vi.2022, LT, Shunsuke TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-537 ; 1♂, same locality, 11.vii.2024, Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♂, Mt. Akahata-yama ; 11.vi.2023, light trap, Yuki MATSUI leg., gen. slide no. YM-738 ; 1♂ 1♀, Shigureyama , 18.vi.2022, LT, Shunsuke TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-862, DNA sample id. M23-186 ; 1♀, Yoakeyama , 12.iii.2023, T. Hirowatari leg., gen. slide no. YM-736 . [Anijima Is.] 1♀, Takinoura , 20.vi.2022, beating: dead leaf Livistona chinensis var. boninensis, Shunsuke TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-750, DNA sample id. M23-162. [ Otôtojima Is.] 5♂, 12-13.vii.2024, SW, S. Yagi leg. [ Mukohjima Is. ] 1♂, 16.vii.2024, Y. Matsui leg . [ Hahajima Is. ] 1♂, same locality as holotype, 24.vi.2022, Shunsuke TOMURA leg .; 1♀, same locality, 17.iii.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-859, DNA sample id. M23-183 ; 2♂, same locality, 14.vii.2024, Y. Matsui leg. ; 2♂ 1♀, Choukiyama , 15.vi.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-837 ; 1♂, Mt. Chibusa-yama , 16.vi.2023 (larva), 11.vii.2023 em. (host: Bryopsida spp.), J. Hamaguchi leg. ; ♀ 1, same locality and collecting date, LT, Sadahisa YAGI leg .; 1♀, Mt. Kuwanoki-yama , 8.xi.2022, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg .; 1♀, Mt. Sakaigatake , 16.iii.2023, Toshiya Hirowatari leg. ; 1♂ 2♀, same locality, 17.vi.2023, LT, J.-H. Park & I. KAWASHIMA leg., DNA sample id. M23-024 ; 2♀, same locality, 24.ix.2023 (larva), 8.xi.2023 em. (host: Bryopsida spp.), J. Hamaguchi leg., gen. slide no. YM-838 ; 1♀, Nishiura , 15.iii.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg .; 2♂, Higashikô , 24.ix.2023, flower of Bidens pilosa, Masaaki Kimura leg., gen. slide no. YM-791, YM-790 ; 1♂, Shinyûhigaoka , 21.ix.2023 light trap; Yuki MATSUI leg., gen. slide no. YM-860, DNA sample id. M23-184 .

Biology ( Fig. 7B–F ). Similar to G. triocellaris . We observed that some adults visited the flowers of Bidens pilosa var. radiata (Sch. Bip.) J.A. Schmidtthe during daytime. We also observed many adults swarming around Euonymus boninensis Koidz. at twilight: all individuals were males as far as we could confirm.

Distribution. Japan: Ogasawara Islands (Chichijima, Anijima, Otôtojima, Mukohjima, and Hahajima Islands).

Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the plumbeous (dull-gray colored) fasciae of the forewing.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Glaucocharis spp. head in lateral view. A: G. triocellaris male, paratype. B: G. plumbofascialis male, holotype.

FIGURE 2. Glaucocharis spp. adults in dorsal view. A: G. triocellaris, holotype male. B: ditto, paratype female. C: G. plumbofascialis, holotype male. D: ditto, paratype female. af: antemedial fascia, am: apical mark, bf: basal fascia, mf: medial fascia, ms: marginal spot, pf: postmedial fascia, sf: submarginal fascia, si: subapical indentation.

FIGURE 3. Glaucocharis spp., male wing venations. A: G. triocellaris, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-10). B: G. plumbofascialis, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-8).

FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5. Glaucocharis spp. male genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris uncus, tegumen, and gnathos lateral view (gen. slide no. YM857). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM738). E: G. triocellaris juxta (gen. slide no. YM857). F: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). at: apical thorn, ca: costal arm, cl: cucullus, gn: gnathos, jx: juxta, ph: phallus, pl: petaloid lobes, sa: saccus, sc: socius, sl: sacculus, tg: tegumen, un: uncus, va: ventral arms of juxta. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–F = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Glaucocharis spp. female genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no.YM836). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM838). C: G. triocellaris, around ostium (lamella antevaginalis opened anteriorly, gen. slide no. YM836). D: ditto, lamella antevaginalis normal position (gen. slide no. YM735). E: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM750). cb: corpus bursae, db: ductus bursae, la: lamella antevaginalis, lp: lamella postvaginalis, os: ostium. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow).