Glaucocharis triocellaris Matsui, Yagi & Hirowatari, 2024

Matsui, Yuki, Hamaguchi, Junpei, Yagi, Sadahisa & Hirowatari, Toshiya, 2024, Two remarkable new species of Glaucocharis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Crambinae) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, Zootaxa 5543 (1), pp. 83-96 : 86-89

Glaucocharis triocellaris Matsui, Yagi & Hirowatari , sp. nov.

(Japanese name: nishiki-eguri-tsutoga)

( Figs 1A , 2A, 2B , 3A , 4A, 4C , 5A, 5C, 5E , 6A, 6C, 6D , 7A )

Diagnosis. This new species can be easily distinguished from other Glaucocharis species by distinctive morphological characters, such as the three black marginal spots, each enclosing a median silvery-white dot in the forewing; the valva with a sturdy hook-shaped projection emerging from the center of the ventral valva margin and the phallus with a ventrally curved hook-shaped apical thorn in the male genitalia; and the circular spinose lamella antevaginalis in the female genitalia.

Description. Head ( Fig. 1A ). Frons brown, rounded. Vertex brown, lateral sides ocherous. Maxillary palpus almost as long as compound eye, outer side ocherous basally, pale ocherous apically, inner side white. Labial palpus about 1.6 times longer than compound eye; first palpomere ocherous dorsally, white ventrally; second palpomere with apically expanded scale tuft, ocherous on outer side, white on inner side; third palpomere white basally, brown apically, apex pointed. Maxillary and labial palpi strongly upturned in resting posture ( Fig. 7A ). Antennae about 3/4 of forewing length, brown, ciliate in male, filiform in female; scape brown dorsally, white ventrally. Proboscis covered with white scales basally.

Thorax and legs. Thorax brown dorsally, white ventrally. Patagium brown, lateral sides ocherous. Tegula ocherous on inner half and whitish silver on outer half. Foreleg femur white; tibia white, dorsal side gray apically; tarsus gray. Midleg femur white; tibia gray dorsally, white ventrally, inner and outer spurs gray, almost of equal length; tarsus gray. Hindleg femur white; tibia gray dorsally, white ventrally, mid and hind spurs gray, almost same length; tarsus gray.

Wings ( Fig. 2A, 2B ). Forewing length 3.2–4.5 mm (mean 3.9 mm, n = 10). Forewing ground color dark brown, tinged with reddish yellow from wing base to medial fascia and apical region; all fasciae and apical marking silvery white with blue luster; basal fascia represented by two oval spots; antemedial and medial fasciae almost straight; postmedial fascia oblique outwardly, ending near termen; submarginal fascia oblique outwardly, disappearing at R 5; apical mark represented by a short stripe vertical to costa; three marginal spots black, comma-shaped, connected, each enclosing silvery-white dot medially; marginal spots surrounded by yellow area with irregular black scaling along inner margin; subapical indentation of termen deep with white cilia; rest of cilia dark brown. Hindwing ground color dark brown, medial area white, with a narrow white band along CuA 2 in male; cilia brown.

Wing venation ( Fig. 3A ) (n = 3). Forewing Sc concurrent with R 1 at 2/3 of length, then diverging as short spur distally; R 2 separate; R 3 stalked with R 4 at 3/5 distance from cell; R 5, M 1, M 2, and M 3 separate, almost parallel; CuA 1 close to M 3 basally; CuA 2 distant from CuA 1; A 1+2 strong; A 3 weak, not looped; cell opened. Hind wing Sc+R 1 stalked with Rs at 4/5 of length; M 1, M 2, M 3, CuA 1, and CuA 2 separate; CuP, A 1+2 and A 3 well-marked. Female with three frenular bristles.

Abdomen. Dorsal side dark brown, ventral side pale brown, 1st and 2nd sternites tinged white. Tympanal organs ( Fig. 4A ): bulla tympani small, bean-shaped, anterior margin convex; fornix tympani narrow, recessed under venula prima; pons tympani absent; venula prima developed, extending to about 2/3 from posterior margin of 2nd sternite. Male 8th tergite with a triangular sclerotization on anterior half ( Fig. 4C ). Male 8th sternite with a long trapezoid sclerotization, posterior margin concaved medially ( Fig. 4C ). Female eighth sternite wrinkled laterally ( Fig. 6A ).

Male genitalia ( Fig. 5A, 5C, 5E ) (n = 6). Uncus almost straight, apex pointed. Gnathos beak-shaped, dorsal side sparsely denticulate, apex pointed and curved dorsally. Tegumen long, dorso- and ventrolateral margins forming sclerotized ridges; socii finger-shaped with six petaloid lobes apically. Valva slender, curved ventrally, with sturdy hook-shaped projection emerging from middle of ventral margin; cucullus slightly enlarging distally, truncated apically, with long setae dorsally; costal margin sclerotized, with thumb-like costal arm at base; sacculus triangular, ventral side setose. Juxta oval, dorsal margin strongly concave medially. Saccus short, rounded. Phallus narrowing posteriorly, distal end pointed and slightly curved ventrally; apical thorn large, hook-shaped, strongly sclerotized, curved ventrally; cornuti absent; ductus ejaculatorius connected at anterior end of phallus.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 6A, 6C, 6D ) (n = 6). Papillae anales ovate, membranous, weakly fused. Anterior and posterior apophyses thin and straight, almost equal in length. Lamella postvaginalis a square plate. Lamella antevaginalis a circular spinose sclerotization, covering ostium. Ductus bursae membranous, almost as long as corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis located at anterior 2/3 of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae membranous, anterior half slightly swollen, posterior half granulate; signa absent.

Type material. Holotype. ♂ [JPN: Tokyo-Pref.] Shigureyama, Chichijima Is., Ogasawara-mura, N27.0629, E142.2214, alt. 252 m, 9.iii.2023, LT, Shunsuke TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-853, deposited in ELKU . Paratypes. [Chichijima Is.] 2♂ 7♀, same locality as holotype, 18.vi.2022, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-534, Wing slide no. YM-W-10, DNA sample id. M23-037 ; 1♂, same locality, 26.vi.2022, LT, Shunsuke TOMURA leg .; 1♀, same locality, 13.xi.2022, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg .; 12♂ 1♀, same locality, 9.iii.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-533, YM-851, wing slide no. YM-W-7 ; 1♂ 1♀, same locality, 13.iii.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg .; 1♂ 1♀, Hatsuneura Observatory , 12.iii.2022, SW, T. Hirowatari et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-735, YM-835 ; 1♂, Higashidaira , 26.vi.2022, Shunsuke TOMURA leg .; 1♂, same locality, 13.vii.2024, Y. Matsui leg. ; 1♀, same locality, 10.iii.2023, SW, T. Hirowatari et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-737 ; 1♂, Higashidaira ~ Mt. Hatsune-yama, 13.vi.2023, J.-H. PARK leg .; 1♀, Mt. Mikazuki-yama , 13.vi.2023, SW, J.-H. PARK leg., gen. slide no. YM-855 ; 1♀, Kitafukurozawa ~ Nishikaigan, 13.iii.2023; T. Hirowatari et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-856, DNA sample id. M23-180 ; 1♂, Kuwanokiyama , 14.xi.2022, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg .; 1♂, Ogaguwa-no-mori, 12.iii.2023, SW, T. Hirowatari et al. leg .; 1♂, same data except LT. [ Hahajima Is. ] 2♂ 2♀, Mt. Funaki-yama , 25.ix.2023 (larva), 2-26.xi.2023 em. (host: Bryopsida spp.), J. Hamaguchi leg., gen. slide no. YM-857, YM-836, DNA sample id. M23-181 ; 1♂, same locality, 14.vii.2024, Y. Matsui leg. ; 3♂, Mt. Kuwanoki-yama , 8.xi.2022, LT, T. Hirowatari et al. leg., wing slide no. YM-W-6 ; 1♂, same locality, 9.xi.2022, T. Hirowatari leg. ; 2♂, Tamagawadam , 25.ix.2023, light trap, Yuki MATSUI leg., gen. slide no. YM-749, DNA sample id. M23-161 ; 1♂, Mt. Chôkiyama , 15.vi.2023, LT, Sadahisa YAGI leg .; 1♂, Sakaigatake , 22.vi.2022, SW, S. Yagi leg. ; 1♀, same locality and collecting date, Shunsuke TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-858, DNA sample id. M23-182 .

Biology ( Fig. 7A, 7D–F ). Although larvae were not found, the adults emerged from various Bryopsida species collected on Hahajima Island. The larvae made a cocoon using the leaf pieces of Bryopsida spp. ( Fig. 7E ) and then pupated therein. The pupal exuviae were not exposed from the cocoon after emergence ( Fig. 7F ). Adults fly both during the day and night, but most specimens were collected by light trapping at night. The species is presumed multivoltine.

Distribution. Japan: Ogasawara Islands (Chichijima and Hahajima Islands).

Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the three marginal spots on the forewing.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Glaucocharis spp. head in lateral view. A: G. triocellaris male, paratype. B: G. plumbofascialis male, holotype.

FIGURE 2. Glaucocharis spp. adults in dorsal view. A: G. triocellaris, holotype male. B: ditto, paratype female. C: G. plumbofascialis, holotype male. D: ditto, paratype female. af: antemedial fascia, am: apical mark, bf: basal fascia, mf: medial fascia, ms: marginal spot, pf: postmedial fascia, sf: submarginal fascia, si: subapical indentation.

FIGURE 3. Glaucocharis spp., male wing venations. A: G. triocellaris, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-10). B: G. plumbofascialis, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-8).

FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5. Glaucocharis spp. male genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris uncus, tegumen, and gnathos lateral view (gen. slide no. YM857). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM738). E: G. triocellaris juxta (gen. slide no. YM857). F: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). at: apical thorn, ca: costal arm, cl: cucullus, gn: gnathos, jx: juxta, ph: phallus, pl: petaloid lobes, sa: saccus, sc: socius, sl: sacculus, tg: tegumen, un: uncus, va: ventral arms of juxta. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–F = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Glaucocharis spp. female genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no.YM836). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM838). C: G. triocellaris, around ostium (lamella antevaginalis opened anteriorly, gen. slide no. YM836). D: ditto, lamella antevaginalis normal position (gen. slide no. YM735). E: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM750). cb: corpus bursae, db: ductus bursae, la: lamella antevaginalis, lp: lamella postvaginalis, os: ostium. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow).