Alburnus doriae Filippi, 1865

Freyhof, Jörg, 2017, Re-description of Alburnus doriae, with comments on the taxonomic status of A. amirkabiri, A. mossulensis, A. sellal and Petroleuciscus esfahani (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), Zootaxa 4323 (4), pp. 487-502 : 491-495

Alburnus doriae Filippi, 1865

( Figs. 2–4 )

Alburnus maculatus Keyserling, 1861:16

Petroleuciscus esfahani Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:38

Alburnus amirkabiri MousaVi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Khataminejad, Eagderi, Abbasi, Nasri, Jouladeh & Vasil’eVa, 2015:43

Material examined. All from Iran. MZUT N.720, lectotype of A. doriae , 122 mm SL; dintorni di Schiraz ; G. Doria, 1862 . — FSJF 2207 , 35, 34–117 mm SL; Esfahan prov.: stream Morghab below dam, north-west of Tondaran, 32°46.742'N 51°02.139'E . — FSJF 2211 , 8, 46–110 mm SL; Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari prov.: stream Shahrekord 5 km south of Shahrekord, 32°22.852'N 50°47.747'E . — ZM-CBSU L871–880 , 10, 57–76 mm SL; ZM-CBSU L976–980 , 5, 56–72 mm SL; Markazi prov.: Emamzadeh (Nazi) spring at Khomein , a tributary of Qom River, 33°42'56.8"N 50°04'21.9"E . — ZM-CBSU L10–12 , 3, 99–121 mm SL; Esfahan prov.: Zayandeh reservoir at Chadegan , 32°44'35.6"N 50°36'41.4"E . — ZM-CBSU L923–936 , 14, 70–130 mm SL; ZM-CBSU L948 , 1, 69 mm SL; Esfahan prov.: Zayandeh River at Azadegan , 32°40'53.9"N 50°27'47.1"E . — ZM-CBSU F133–143 , 11, 103– 135 mm SL; ZM-CBSU L892–906 , 15, 71–93 mm SL; ZM-CBSU L1229–1237 , 9, 81–106 mm SL; Esfahan prov.: Zayandeh River at Iskandari , 32°49'25.8"N 50°25'47.2"E . — ZM-CBSU L1223–1228 , 6, 102– 121 mm SL; Esfahan prov.: Zayandeh River at Ghale Shahrokh , 32°40'53.9"N 50°27'47.1"E . — ZMFUM MK01–09 , 9, 79– 120 mm SL; Markazi prov.: Ghareh-Chay River at Jalayer , 34°53'N 50°02'E . — VMFC uncatalogued, 8, 99–120 mm SL; Markazi prov.: Ghareh-Chay River , 34°53'N 50°02'E .

Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. All from Iran. FSJF DNA-154 ; Esfahan prov.: stream Morghab below dam, north-west of Tondaran, 32°46.742'N 51°02.139'E (Genbank accession numbers: KY913841 , KY913851 , KY913852 ) . — ZM-CBSU M1023-M1024 ; Esfahan prov.: Chadegan reservoir , 32°44'35.6"N 50°36'41.4"E (Genbank accession numbers: KY913881 , KY913882 ) . — ZM-CBSU M3, M4 ; Esfahan prov.: Robat Mahmoud spring at Golpaygan , 33°32'31.2.8"N 50°20'11.9"E (Genbank accession numbers: KY913886 , KY913887 ) . — ZM-CBSU M15-M16 ; Esfahan prov.: Zayandeh River at Ghale Shahrokh village, 32°40'53.9"N 50°27'47.1"E (Genbank accession numbers: KY913890 , KY913891 ) . — ZM-CBSU M34, M35 ; Esfahan prov.: Iskandari ( Pelasegan ) spring) at Iskandari village, 32°49'25.8"N 50°25'47.2"E (Genbank accession numbers: KY913892 , KY913893 ) . — ZM-CBSU M1025–M1027, M165–M167, M244, M245 ; Markazi prov.: Emamzadeh (Nazi) spring at Khomein , 33°42'56.8"N 50°04'21.9"E (Genbank accession numbers: KY913883 , KY913884 , KY913885 , KY913842 , KY913844 , KY913845 , KY913846 , KY913847 , KY913848 ) . — ZMFUM Mk01, Mk02 ; Markazi prov.: Ghareh-Chay River at Saveh , 34°54' N 50°2'E (Genbank accession numbers: KY913888 , KY913889 ) . — ZM-CBSU M222–M224 ; Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari prov.: Before Komitak , Shahre kord, 32°42'33.7"N, 50°29'43.8"E (Genbank accession numbers: KY913849 , KY913843 , KY913850 ) .

Diagnosis. Alburnus doriae is distinguished from all Alburnus species in Iran and the wider Euphrates and Tigris drainage by a combination of characters none of them unique. Alburnus doriae is superficially similar to A. atropatenae from the endorheic Lake Urmia basin. Alburnus doriae is distinguished from A. atropatenae by having usually 13–17 gill rakers on the first branchial arch (vs. usually 11–13). Out of 90 individuals of A. doriae examined, one has 12 and two have 18 gill rakers. Out of 80 individuals of A. atropatenae examined, two have 10, three 14 and two 15 gill rakers. The frequency of gill rakers is given in Table 6 . Both A. doriae and A. atropatenae ( Fig. 5 ) have a mid-lateral stripe between the head and the caudal-fin base. In A. doriae , this stripe is diluted with hazy borders anterior to the dorsal-fin base (vs. with sharp borders along all its length). Alburnus doriae is distinguished from A. filippii from the Caspian Sea basin by having usually 8½ branched dorsal-fin ray (vs. 7½) and the ventral keel between the pelvic-fin base and the anus fully covered by scales (vs. ventral keel entirely naked or naked part extends more than 50% of the distance between the pelvic-fin origin and the anus). Alburnus doriae is distinguished from A. hohenackeri from the Caspian Sea basin, being invasive in the Tigris drainage, by having fewer gill rakers (12–18 vs. 18–25) and branched anal-fin rays (9–12½, mode 11½ vs. 12–16½, mode 13½). Alburnus doriae is distinguished from A. caeruleus from the Qweik, Euphrates and Tigris drainages by having fewer branched anal-fin rays (9–12½ vs. 13–18½), more gill rakers on the first gill arch (12–18, usually 14–15 vs. 9–13) and a more slender body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 20–25% vs. 26–31% SL). Alburnus doriae is distinguished from A. sellal from the Qweik, Euphrates and Tigris drainages and A. zagrosensis from headwaters of the Karun River by having fewer scales along the lateral line (44–56 vs. 62–86 in A. sellal and 67–83 in A. zagrosensis ), fewer scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line (8–12 vs. 12–19 in A. sellal and 13–15 in A. zagrosensis ) and fewer scale rows between the lateral line and the pelvic-fin origin (2–5 vs. 4–7 in A. sellal and A. zagrosensis ). Alburnus doriae is distinguished from A. heckeli from Lake Hazar in Turkey by having fewer lateral-line scales (44–56 vs. 82–93), fewer gill rakers (12–18 vs. 19–26) and fewer branched anal-fin rays (9–12½, usually 10–11½ vs. 12–14½, usually 13½).

Alburnus doriae is distinguished from A. tarichi from Lake Van in Turkey by having fewer gill rakers (12– 18 vs. 21–29). It is distinguished from A. timarensis , also from the Lake Van basin, by having fewer lateral-line scales (44–56 vs. usually 54–65), and from A. selcuklui from the upper Tigris by having fewer lateral-line scales (44–56 vs. 70–80), 8–12 scales between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin (vs. 13–18) and 2–5 (mode 4) scales between the lateral line and the pelvic-fin origin (vs. 5–7, mode 6).

Description. See Figures 2–4 for general appearance and Tables 4–5 for morphometric and meristic data. Body moderately slender, markedly compressed laterally. Dorsal profile slightly convex or almost straight, ventral profile convex. Snout pointed, lower jaw projecting slightly beyond upper jaw in most individuals, rarely upper and lower lip at same level. Interorbital area concave. Snout as long or longer than eye diameter and as long as interorbital distance. Mouth superior, tip of mouth cleft between level of middle of pupil and upper margin of pupil. Maximum known size 134 mm SL.

Dorsal-fin with 3 simple and 7½–9½ branched rays, distal margin straight or slightly convex. Dorsal-fin origin above base of last pelvic-fin ray or slightly behind, closer to caudal-fin base than to tip of snout. Pectoral fin not reaching to pelvic-fin origin, with one simple and 13–17 branched rays. Pelvic fin not reaching to anal-fin origin, with one simple and 7–9 branched rays. Axillary pelvic lobe present. Anal fin with 3 simple and 9½– 12½ branched rays, distal margin convex or straight. Caudal fin deeply forked, lobes slightly pointed. Anal-fin origin about 1–2 scales behind vertical of base of last dorsal-fin ray. Lateral line with 44–56 scales; 8–12 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 2–5 scales between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin. A shallow ventral keel between pelvic and anal fins almost completely covered by scales, being exposed for 2–4 (usually 2) transverse scales rows in front of anus only. Keel almost absent in some individuals. Gill rakers 12–18 on left side of first gill arch.

Coloration. In formalin-preserved individuals: Pale brown on back and upper part of flank, yellowish on lower part of flank and belly. A faint lateral stripe on flank between posterior margin of orbit and middle of caudal-fin base, its width slightly lesser than eye pupil diameter, its margins hazy.

In life: Back dark olive-brown to grey, flank, belly and lower part of head silvery. A dark grey stripe on flank between posterior margin of orbit and middle of caudal-fin base, its width slightly lesser than eye pupil diameter. Dark-brown speckling along lateral line above and below pores. Fins hyaline with dark pigmentation along rays in caudal, dorsal and pectoral fins. Base of paired fins usually orange.

Distribution. Alburnus doriae is known from two endorheic basins in Iran, the Zayandeh River drainage close to the city of Esfahan and the Qom and Ghareh-Chai Rivers, two tributaries of the hypersaline Lake Namak. It is also known from the Shahrekord, a headwater stream flowing to the Karun, the lowermost tributary of the Tigris.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Alburnus doriae, MZUT N. 720, lectotype, 122 mm SL, Iran: dintorni di Schiraz. Photo: Franco Andreone (MZUT).

FIGURE 3. Alburnus doriae, FSJF 2207, from the top, male, about 90 mm SL, female, about 110 mm SL; Iran: stream Morghab.

FIGURE 4. Alburnus doriae, a, ZM-CBSU L 948, 69 mm SL, Iran: Zayandeh RiVer at Azadegan; b, ZM-CBSU L 930, 85 mm SL, Iran: Zayandeh RiVer at Azadegan, c, ZM-CBSU L 878, 59 mm SL, Iran: spring Nazi at Khomein; d, ZMFUM Mk 02, 104 mm SL, Iran: Ghareh-Chay RiVer.

FIGURE 5. Alburnus atropatenae, ZM-CBSU C 334, 83 mm SL, Iran: Nazlouchay.