Eburodacrys, White, 1853

Botero, Juan Pablo, 2017, Review of the genus Eburodacrys White, 1853 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Zootaxa 4344 (3), pp. 493-521 : 495-500

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4344.3.4

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D3483E50-9C1E-4FB6-9C82-A70F16788910

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6032862

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387D8-3D76-941E-FF7D-FB83FA22A4E9

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Eburodacrys
status

 

Key to species of Eburodacrys View in CoL

(modified and translated from Martins, 1999)

1. Integument black, callosities reduced (shorter than 3 times length of pedicel) or absent ( Figs. 96, 112 View FIGURES 93 – 115 )..................2

- Integument from orange to dark red; in some species with some black areas on elytra, but never entirely dark; at least some of elytral eburneous callosities longer than 3 times length of pedicel................................................ 3

2(1). Head reddish with black spot on vertex; anterior eburneous elytral callosities placed basally on each side of scutellum; elytra with fine punctures, without microsculpture; tarsomeres I-II of males dilated. Fig. 112 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina................... E. vidua ( Lacordaire, 1868) View in CoL

- Head black; anterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning after the scutellum; elytra with coarse punctures and with microsculpture; tarsomeres of males without modifications. Fig. 96 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz) , Argentina (Salta).......... E. seabrai Zajciw, 1958 View in CoL

3(1). Basal antennomeres black (rarely with dark reddish sulcus)....................................................4

- Basal antennomeres orange or orange with black apex.......................................................12

4(3). Mesoventrite tuberculate; eburneous elytral callosities long, beginning at base and reaching posterior fifth (innermost band can be interrupted at anterior fourth)..........................................................................5

- Mesoventrite without tubercle; eburneous elytral callosities with different pattern (see also E. obscura View in CoL ).................7

5(4). Elytra with black longitudinal band between eburneous bands; sides of elytra without black longitudinal band; tibiae black; vertex coarsely punctate. Fig. 42 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Venezuela............................................... E. bilineata Joly, 1992 View in CoL

- Elytra without black bands; sides of elytra with black longitudinal band; tibiae black at base and reddish at apex; vertex smooth....................................................................................................6

6(5) Eburneous bands continuous from base to posterior fourth (innermost can be interrupted at middle). Fig. 69 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Peru, Bolivia (Santa Cruz).......................................................................... E. lanei Zajciw, 1958 View in CoL

- Each elytron with four eburneous elytral callosities, the anterior external shorter than the internal. Fig. 34 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso)............................................................. E. aenigma Galileo & Martins, 2006 View in CoL

7(4). Elytra reddish or orange along suture and the external margin and black or brown on remaining surface ( Figs. 77, 81 View FIGURES 64 – 92 )...... 8

- Elytra reddish or reddish-orange with black areas restricted to the perimeter of eburneous callosities....................9

8(7). Each elytron with two narrow, longitudinal eburneous bands from base to, at least, posterior third; femora reddish; tarsomeres reddish and dilated in males. Fig. 81 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, São Paulo)............................................................................................ E. obscura Martins, 1973 View in CoL

- Each elytron with three eburneous callosities, one at anterior region and two at middle; femora reddish with black apex; tarsomeres black and not modified in males. Fig. 74 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Piauí, Paraíba, Goiás, Minas Gerais) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz).......

.............................................................................. .. E. lugubris Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL 9(7). Prothorax as long as wide, without lateral antemedian tubercles and with short lateral spines; pronotum alveolate, without dorsal tubercles; tarsomeres of males thickened. Fig. 87 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz).............................................................................. E. pumila Monné & Martins, 1992 View in CoL

- Prothorax wider than long, with distinct lateral antemedian tubercles; pronotum rugose-punctate with dorsal tubercles; tarsomeres of males not modified.............................................................................10

10(9). Scape short, piriform; pronotal tubercles dark; each elytron with three eburneous callosities, lateroposterior beginning behind inner posterior; elytral sutural spine absent or reduced. Fig. 108 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)................................ E. trilineata (Aurivillius, 1893) View in CoL

- Scape subcylindrical, elongate; pronotal tubercles of same color as remainder of pronotum; each elytron with four eburneous callosities, the lateroposterior beginning ahead of inner posterior; elytral sutural spine visible, almost a third of external spine length.............................................................................................. 11

11(10). Integument reddish; elytra with dense, whitish setae; inner posterior elytral eburneous callosities shorter than inner anterior. Fig. 61 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Surinam, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, São Paulo)......... E. gigas Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Integument reddish-orange or orange; elytra with fine, yellow setae; inner posterior eburneous elytral callosities longer than inner anterior. Fig. 72 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay................................................................................................. E. longilineata White, 1853 View in CoL

12(3). Antennomeres orange with black apex; tarsomeres I-II of males dilated. Fig. 48 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina), Colombia (Vichada), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina (Catamarca, Santiago del Estero, Mendoza, Córdoba, Santa Fé, Misiones, Chaco)... E. crassimana Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Antennomeres reddish or orange without dark apex..........................................................13

13(12). Elytra with elongate eburneous callosities (e.g. Figs. 20 View FIGURES 14 – 23. 14 – 20 , 51, 55 View FIGURES 34 – 63 , 64 View FIGURES 64 – 92 , 111, 113 View FIGURES 93 – 115 ).....................................14

- Elytra with rounded, elliptical or oval eburneous callosities (e.g. Figs. 44, 49 View FIGURES 34 – 63 , 67, 77 View FIGURES 64 – 92 , 100, 106 View FIGURES 93 – 115 ).......................43

14(13). Elytral apices unarmed and truncate; antennomere III with shallow sulcus. Fig. 51 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, São Paulo)......................................... E. decipiens Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Elytral apices with external spine; antennomere III with evident deep sulcus......................................15

15(14). Elytra with posterior half mostly black. Fig. 97 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Piauí, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná) , Paraguay.......................................... E. seminigra Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Elytra reddish-orange to orange, without large black areas....................................................16

16(15). Antemedian tubercles of prothorax located at same level of pronotal tubercles, which are developed and rounded at the top (e.g. Figs. 11 View FIGURES 5 – 13. 5 – 9 , 45 View FIGURES 34 – 63 , 73 View FIGURES 64 – 92 , 111 View FIGURES 93 – 115 )..............................................................................17

- Antemedian tubercles of prothorax, when present, located ahead of pronotal tubercles (e.g. Figs. 55 View FIGURES 34 – 63 , 70, 79, 92 View FIGURES 64 – 92 )..........21

17(16). Each elytron with two eburneous callosities, long and continuous, innermost beginning at base and reaching posterior third, outermost from the anterior third to posterior third. Fig. 60 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)....................................................................................... E. gaucha Galileo & Martins, 1992 View in CoL

- Each elytron with three eburneous callosities...............................................................18

18(17). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities longer than inner posterior, beginning at anterior half and reaching the posterior fourth, anteriorly beginning after the inner posterior.........................................................19

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities as long as inner posterior, beginning after apex of inner posterior one....... 20

19(18). Eburneous elytral callosities not surrounded by black color; meso- and metafemora orange, with long black spine at apex. Fig. 111 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo) , Argentina?............................................................................... E. tuberosa Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Eburneous elytral callosities surrounded by black color; apex of meso- and metafemora black, unarmed apex ( Figs. 11-13 View FIGURES 5 – 13. 5 – 9 ). Brazil (Paraná).......................................................................... E. bezarki View in CoL sp. nov.

20(18). Prothorax with anterolateral tubercles clearly visible; femora orange with spines black. Fig. 73 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina).................. E. luederwaldti Melzer, 1922 View in CoL

- Prothorax with anterolateral tubercles slightly projected; femora with the posterior third and spines black. Fig. 45 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Santa Catarina)........................................................... E. catarina Galileo & Martins, 1992 View in CoL

21(16). Pronotum with longitudinal black band including the tubercles or with black spots behind the tubercles................22

- Pronotum without black bands, black area restricted to the tubercles............................................26

22(21). Pronotum with two longitudinal black bands, covering pronotal tubercles, from anterior margin to, at least, posterior third.23

- Pronotum with black areas restricted to the tubercles and spots behind the tubercles................................ 24

23(22). Longitudinal black band of pronotum wide, beginning at anterior margin and reaching the posterior margin; posterior eburneous elytral callosities surrounded anterior and posteriorly by black areas. Fig. 92 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Paraíba, Ceará, Pernambuco).................................................................................... E. rhabdota Martins, 1967 View in CoL

- Longitudinal black band of pronotum narrow, not reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; without black areas surrounding the eburneous elytral callosities. Fig. 55 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)....................... E. errata Galileo & Martins, 2010 View in CoL

24(22). Elytral integument matte; posterior eburneous callosities separated between them at least by distance equivalent to width of a callosity. Figs. 1–4 View FIGURES 1 – 4 . Colombia (Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Tolima)............................. E. yolandae View in CoL sp. nov.

- Elytral integument bright; posterior eburneous elytral callosities joined, separated between them by distance smaller than width of a callosity...................................................................................25

25(24). Pronotum with black spot at center of posterior half; black area of femora restricted to apex. Figs. 21–23 View FIGURES 14 – 23. 14 – 20 Mexico (Sinaloa,

Jalisco, Sonora), Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia (Meta), Venezuela, Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay.............................................................................................................. E. nemorivaga Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL - Pronotum with black band behind pronotal tubercles and black spot at central region; posterior fourth of femora black. Fig. 104 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Nicaragua, Costa Rica.......................................................... E. sticticollis Bates, 1874 View in CoL

26 (21). Each elytron with two eburneous callosities from base to near apex (pronotal tubercles and antemedian and lateral tubercles of prothorax black). Fig. 113 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul.), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina (Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Formosa, Chaco, Corrientes), Uruguay............................................... E. vittata (Blanchard, 1847) View in CoL

- Elytra with interrupted eburneous callosities, or if continuous, slightly contrasting with elytral color...................27

27(26). Tubercles of pronotum black (contrasting in color from remainder of pronotum)...................................28

- Tubercles of pronotum of same color as pronotum...........................................................39

28(27). Each elytron with two anterior eburneous callosities.........................................................29

- Each elytron with one anterior eburneous callosity..........................................................30

29(28). Mesoventrite with tubercle, lateral spine of prothorax shorter than pedicel; femoral spines black. Fig. 64 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Putumayo, Quindio, Santander, Tolima), Venezuela, Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay....................................................................... E. havanensis Chevrolat, 1862 View in CoL

- Mesoventrite without tubercle; lateral spine of prothorax longer than pedicel; femoral spine of same color as femora. Brazil (Goiás)........................................................................... E. costai Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

30(28). Scape widened toward apex, with deep basal sulcus, with small tooth at internal side of base; basal urosternites brownish; (mesoventrite with tubercle). Fig. 79 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Colombia (Magdalena)................................ E. moruna Martins, 1997 View in CoL

- Scape subcylindrical, without tooth at base; basal urosternites not brownish......................................31

31(30). Posterior eburneous elytral callosities subcontiguous, separated by distance smaller than width of a callosity............ 32

- Posterior eburneous elytral callosities separated by distance equivalent or greater than width of a callosity..............35

32(31). Femoral spines black. Fig. 39 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Piauí, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz).......................................................................... E. assimilis Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Femoral spines of same color as femora...................................................................33

33 (32) Lateroposterior eburneous callosities starting behind inner posterior callosities; apex of elytra obliquely truncate. Figs. 14–20 View FIGURES 14 – 23. 14 – 20 . Venezuela (Lara).................................................................... E. santossilvai View in CoL sp. nov.

- Posterior eburneous callosities starting at same level; apex of elytra truncate......................................34

34(33). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosity almost twice length of inerposterior. Fig. 38 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Mexico (Veracruz), El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela.................................................. E. asperula Bates, 1880 View in CoL

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosity slightly longer than the inner posterior. Fig. 43 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Mexico (Jalisco, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Morelos, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela....................................... E. callixantha Bates, 1872 View in CoL

35(31). Apical spines of elytra black............................................................................36

- Apical spines of elytra of same color as elytra..............................................................37

36(35). Eburneous elytral callosities notably contrasting with remaining surface, lateroposterior long and slightly curved; pronotum with wrinkles and punctures; spine of elytral apex as long as femoral spine; posterior half of prosternum punctate (female). Fig. 68 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)......................... E. lancinata Napp & Martins, 1980 View in CoL

- Eburneous elytral callosities slightly contrasting with remaining surface, lateroposterior sometimes absent; pronotum with wrinkles; spine of elytral apex shorter than femoral spine; posterior half of prosternum smooth. Fig. 76 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Tarija), Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)..................................................... E. martinezi Martins, 1997 View in CoL

37(35). Anterolateral tubercle of pronotum distinct; sulcus of antennomere III shallow. Fig. 88 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina) , Paraguay........................................................................................... E. punctipennis White, 1853 View in CoL

- Anterolateral tubercle of pronotum absent; sulcus of antennomere III deep...................................... 38

38(37). Pronotal surface with irregular wrinkles and punctures interspersed; elytra yellowish, semi-transparent; elytral spine dark at apex. Fig. 107 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Paraíba)............................................ E. translucida Galileo & Martins, 2010 View in CoL

- Pronotal surface with more punctures than wrinkles; elytra reddish-orange; elytral spine unicolorous. Fig. 50 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais) , Bolivia (Tarija) , Paraguay................................................................................................ E. cunusaia Martins, 1997 View in CoL

39(27). Pronotal tubercles slightly elevated; elytral spines as long as femoral spines; tarsomeres of males dilated. Fig. 53 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul) , Argentina (Misiones)..................................................................... E. eburioides ( White, 1853) View in CoL

- Pronotal tubercles clearly elevated; elytral spines shorter than femoral spines; tarsomeres of males not modified........ 40

40(39). Meso- and metafemoral spines of same color as femora......................................................41

- Meso- and metafemoral spines black.....................................................................42

41(40). Tibiae unicolorous; elytral base with two eburneous callosities. Fig. 57 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina (Salta, Chaco, Misiones, Córdoba)................................................ E. flexuosa Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Base of tibiae black, contrasting with adjacent color; elytral base with one eburneous callosity. Fig. 70 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná)............................ E. lenkoi Napp & Martins, 1980 View in CoL

42(40). Mesoventrite without tubercle; pronotal tubercles strongly projected. Fig. 75 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)...... E. mancula White, 1853 View in CoL

- Mesoventrite tuberculate; lateral spine of prothorax as long as or shorter than pedicel; pronotal tubercles slightly projected. Fig. 52 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Maranhão, Rondônia, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Piauí, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones, Buenos Aires), Uruguay..................................................................... E. dubitata White, 1853 View in CoL

43(13). Posterior eburneous elytral callosities spaced between them; anterior margin of lateroposterior callosity not reaching inner posterior or rarely reaching its apical fourth (e.g. Figs. 83 View FIGURES 64 – 92 , 103, 106, 110 View FIGURES 93 – 115 )........................................44

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities reaching anterior margin of inner posterior (e.g. Figs. 36 View FIGURES 34 – 63 , 80, 82 View FIGURES 64 – 92 , 102 View FIGURES 93 – 115 ).......52

44(43). Genae spined at apex; prothorax elongate, cylindrical, subparallel with lateral spines reduced. Fig. 44 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina................................................................ E. campestris Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Genae rounded at apex; prothorax wider than long, with lateral spines distinct....................................45

45(44). Elytral apices unarmed or with a reduced external spine; coarse punctures adjacent to suture......................... 46

- Elytral apices with distinct external spine; sides of suture without coarse punctures adjacent to suture.................. 47

46(45). Integument dark orange; eburneous elytral callosities surrounded by black; posterior callosities joined by black band; pronotum with wrinkles and punctures; elytral costae not visible. Fig. 83 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela.................................................................................... E. pilicornis Fisher, 1944 View in CoL

- Integument orange or reddish-orange; eburneous elytral callosities, at most, with brownish perimeter; pronotum with fine punctures; elytral costae visible. Fig. 110 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz) , Paraguay........................ E. truncata Fuchs, 1956 View in CoL

47(45). Lateral spines of prothorax of same color as prothorax.......................................................48

- Lateral spines of prothorax black........................................................................49

48(47). Pronotum with wrinkles, punctures sparse or absent; posterior half of elytra smooth without pubescence. Fig. 109 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca, Boyacá, Caldas, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Tolima, Valle del Cauca View in CoL ), Venezuela................................................... E. triocellata ( Stål, 1857) View in CoL

- Pronotum densely punctate, with some wrinkles; posterior half of elytra pubescent, with fine and dense punctures. Fig. 103 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Argentina (Entre Rios, Misiones), Paraguay, Uruguay........................................................................................... E. stahli Aurivillius, 1893 View in CoL

49(47). Eburneous elytral callosities wide, inner posterior one slightly notched at external-posterior margin and oblique towards the suture. Fig. 100 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Venezuela, Colombia (Caldas, Putumayo, Santander, Vichada), Ecuador, Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)...................................................................................................... E. sexmaculata (Olivier, 1790) View in CoL

- Eburneous elytral callosities elongate, inner posterior rounded, not notched and parallel to the suture..................50

50(49). Pronotum with two black spots behind tubercles; central gibbosity distinct. Fig. 35 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo).......................................................... E. alini Napp & Martins, 1980 View in CoL

- Pronotum without black spots behind tubercles; central gibbosity slightly elevated.................................51

51(50). Surface of pronotum with wrinkles; scape sulcate at base; eburneous elytral callosities elongate. Fig. 106 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás), Ecuador, Peru (Junín), Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz).......... E. superba Napp & Martins, 1980 View in CoL

- Surface of pronotum with punctures and wrinkles; scape not sulcate at base; eburneous elytral callosities elliptical. Fig. 37 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz).............................................. E. apua Martins & Galileo, 2005 View in CoL

52(43). Each elytron with two anterior eburneous callosities.........................................................53

- Each elytron with one anterior eburneous callosity..........................................................55

53(52). Vertex with two black spots; sides of prothorax with longitudinal black bands; posterior eburneous elytral callosities separated, outermost beginning behind the anterior margin innermost; elytral spines black. Fig. 71 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas).................................................................................... E. lepida Martins, 1973 View in CoL

- Vertex without or with only one black spot; sides of prothorax without longitudinal black bands; posterior eburneous elytral callosities contiguous, outermost exceeding the anterior and the posterior margin of innermost; elytral spines of same color of elytra.............................................................................................. 54

54(53). Vertex with black spot; pronotal tubercle acute at top; anterolateral eburneous callosity reduced. Fig. 82 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará).............................. E. perspicillaris (Erichson, 1848) View in CoL

- Vertex without black spot; pronotal tubercle rounded at top; anterolateral eburneous callosity well-developed. Fig. 36 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Pará).......................................................................... E. amazonica Melzer, 1927 View in CoL

55(52). Lateral spines of prothorax of same color as prothorax.......................................................56

- Lateral spines of prothorax black, the black area can be reduced toward apex.....................................73

56(55). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning before anterior margin of the inner posterior...................57

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning at same level or behind inner posterior........................60

57(56). Pronotal tubercles, apex of meso- and metafemora and femoral spines of same color as adjacent area. Fig. 101 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Peru (Cuzco)..................................................................... E. silviamariae Galileo & Martins, 2006 View in CoL

- Pronotal tubercles, apex of the meso- and metafemora and femoral spines black...................................58

58(57) Pronotum with black spots behind tubercles. Fig. 89 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz).............. E. putia Galileo & Martins, 2006 View in CoL

- Pronotum without black spots behind tubercles............................................................. 59

59(58) Anterior third of elytra with setae longer than 3 times length of pedicel; elytral spines of same color as elytra. Brazil (Pará).................................................................................. E. amazonica Melzer, 1927 View in CoL

- Anterior third of elytra with setae shorter than 3 times length of pedicel; elytral spines black. Fig. 80 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo) , Bolivia..... E. notula Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

60(56). Femoral spines of same color as femora...................................................................61

- Femoral spines black.................................................................................. 65

61(60). Scape not depressed; disc of pronotum with wrinkles and punctures; eburneous elytral callosities not surrounded by black area. Fig. 98 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Maranhão).......................................... E. separata Martins, Galileo & Oliveira, 2011 View in CoL

- Scape depressed at base, disc of pronotum transversely rugose, without punctures; eburneous elytral callosities surrounded by black area........................................................................................... 62

62(61). Tubercles of pronotum of same color as remainder of pronotum; antennomere III with shallow sulcus. Fig. 40 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Colombia (Tolima).................................................................... E. ayri Galileo & Martins, 2006 View in CoL

- Tubercles of pronotum black, contrasting in color with remainder of pronotum, antennomere III with deep sulcus........ 6 3

63(62). Lateroposterior eburneous callosities beginning after posterior third of inner posterior. Figs. 14–20 View FIGURES 14 – 23. 14 – 20 . Venezuela............................................................................................... E. santossilvai View in CoL sp. nov.

- Posterior eburneous callosities beginning at same level.......................................................64

64(63). Lateral tubercle of prothorax small, slightly projected; surface of body with long, sparse setae. Fig. 47 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama.............................................. E. coalescens Bates, 1884 View in CoL

- Lateral tubercle of prothorax strongly projected; surface of body without long, sparse setae. Fig. 67 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela....................................................... E. laevicornis Bates, 1884 View in CoL

65(60). Elytral spines of same color as elytra.....................................................................66

- Elytral spines black...................................................................................69

66(65). Distance between posterior eburneous elytral callosities about as wide as one callosity. Fig. 102 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)................................................................... E. skillmani Galileo, Martins & Santos-Silva, 2015 View in CoL

- Distance between posterior eburneous elytral callosities distinctly smaller than width of one callosity.................. 67

67(66). Integument reddish; antennomere III with shallow sulcus; anterolateral tubercles of prothorax distinct. Fig. 93 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás).......................................................... E. rubicunda Monné & Martins, 1992 View in CoL

- Integument orange; antennomere III with deep sulcus; anterolateral tubercles of prothorax reduced....................68

68(67) Pronotum rugose throughout; pronotal tubercles not divergent; eburneous elytral callosities elliptical, posterior ones of same size. Fig. 95 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Colombia (Valle del Cauca View in CoL ), Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal), Paraguay, Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz).................................................................. E. sanguinipes Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Pronotum smooth between anterior margin and tubercles; pronotal tubercles divergent; eburneous elytral callosities elongate, lateroposterior at least 1/3 longer than inner posterior. Fig. 115 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)...... E. xirica Martins & Galileo, 2005 View in CoL

69(65). Genae with spined apex; prothorax longer than wide, with lateral spine reduced. Fig. 44 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina............................................................................. E. campestris Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Genae with rounded apex; prothorax wider than long, with lateral spine distinct...................................70

70(69) Sides of prothorax without black spots; anterolateral tubercles clearly evident.....................................71

- Sides of prothorax with black spot ahead of spines; anterolateral tubercles reduced.................................72

71(70) Basal sulcus of scape shallow; lateroposterior eburneous callosities starting behind inner posterior callosities. Fig. 6 2 View FIGURES 5 – 13. 5 – 9 . Trinidad & Tobago, Colombia (Magdalena, Meta, Tolima), Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Maranhão), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz), Paraguay.................................................... E. granipennis Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Basal sulcus of scape deep; posterior eburneous callosities starting at same level. Fig. 46 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Maranhão)..................................................................... E. cincora Martins, Galileo View in CoL & Limeira-de-Oliveira, 2011

72(70) Vertex with black spot; scape with basal depression; surface of pronotum with fine wrinkles and center smooth. Fig. 94 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Colombia, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Amapá), Peru, Bolivia..................... E. rufispinis Bates, 1870 View in CoL

- Vertex without black spot; scape without depression; surface of pronotum entirely covered by wrinkles. Fig. 41 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Roraima).......................................................... E. biffipradorum Martins & Galileo, 2012 View in CoL

73(55) Pronotal tubercles and lateral spines of prothorax longer than pedicel, spines slightly curved backward; scape subglobose, wide at base with evident sulcus.............................................................................74

- Pronotal tubercles and lateral spines of prothorax shorter than pedicel, spines straight; scape subcylindrical (subglobose in E. crassipes View in CoL ), with sulcus present or absent..................................................................77

74(73). Posterior eburneous elytral callosities subcontiguous, outermost straight and as long as innermost or slightly longer......75

- Posterior eburneous elytral callosities separated posteriorly, outermost curved, almost twice length of innermost.........76

75(74) Apex of antennal tubercle elevated; apex of genae strongly projected ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 5 – 13. 5 – 9 ); disc of pronotum with dense punctures; mesoventrite with tubercle. Figs. 5–9 View FIGURES 5 – 13. 5 – 9 . Brazil (Amazonas).......................................... E. eduardoi View in CoL sp. nov.

- Apex of antennal tubercle not elevated; apex of genae slightly projected ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 5 – 13. 5 – 9 ); disc of pronotum with wrinkles; mesoventrite without tubercle. Figs. 10 View FIGURES 5 – 13. 5 – 9 , 24–33 View FIGURES 24 – 33 . Brazil (Goiás, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz)................................................................... E. sulfurifera Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

76(74). Anterior eburneous elytral callosities slightly acuminate at apex; inner posterior slightly oblique; lateroposterior curved, contiguous with innermost at anterior region, gradually separated posteriorly, notched on outer margin. Fig. 90 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Colombia (Amazonas), French Guiana, Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Acre, Pará, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Maranhão), Peru, Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz)................................................................. E. quadridens (Fabricius, 1801) View in CoL

- Anterior eburneous elytral callosities rounded at apex; inner posterior parallel to suture, contiguous with lateroposterior which

is curved and not notched. Fig. 77 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas)........................... E. megaspilota White, 1853 View in CoL 77(73). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosity twice length of inner posterior........................................78

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosity, at most, slightly longer than inner posterior.............................79

78(77). Mesoventrite with tubercle; metafemora surpassing elytral apex. Fig. 91 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso), Bolivia (Santa Cruz).......................................................... E. raripila Bates, 1870 View in CoL

- Mesoventrite without tubercle; metafemora not reaching elytral apex. Fig. 114 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz).................................................................................. E. wappesi Galileo, Martins & Santos-Silva, 2015 View in CoL

79(77). Pronotum with wrinkles, without punctures................................................................80

- Pronotum with wrinkles and punctures, especially at sides (see also E. elegantula View in CoL ).................................81

80(79). Pronotum with black spots behind tubercles; posterior eburneous elytral callosities contiguous, beginning at same level; elytral spines black. Fig. 59 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)...................................... E. fraterna Galileo & Martins, 2010 View in CoL

- Pronotum without black spots behind tubercles; posterior eburneous elytral callosities separated, lateroposterior beginning behind the middle of inner posterior; elytral spines concolorous with elytra. Fig. 58 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay............................................. E. fortunata Lameere, 1884 View in CoL

81(79). Lateral spines of prothorax developed, as long or longer than pedicel............................................82

- Lateral spines of prothorax small, shorter than pedicel.......................................................85

82(81). Meso- and metafemora orange, apical spines concolorous with femoral surface.................................. 83

- Apex of meso- and metafemora and apical spines black......................................................84

83 (82). Surface of body with long, sparse setae; posterior elytral callosities contiguous; elytral spines concolorous with elytra. Fig. 66 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)..................................................... E. inaequalis Galileo & Martins, 2009 View in CoL

- Surface of body without long, sparse setae; posterior elytral callosities separated form most of length, elytral spines black. Fig. 65 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Amazonas, Pará).......................................................... E. hirsutula Bates, 1870 View in CoL

84(82). Sides of prothorax with black bands; pronotum can have black spots behind tubercles; posterior elytral callosities beginning at same level, lateroposterior longer than inner posterior one; external spine of the elytra preceded by a black triangular mark. Fig. 105 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz).................. E. sulphureosignata (Erichson, 1847) View in CoL

- Prothorax without black spots; lateroposterior elytral callosities beginning behind inner posterior one; apex of elytra without black triangular spot. Fig. 78 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro).... E. monticola Monné & Martins, 1973 View in CoL

85(81). Meso- and metafemora and apical spines orange. Fig. 84 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Pará)........................ E. pinima Martins, 1999 View in CoL

- Apex of meso- and metafemora and apical spines black......................................................86

86(85). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning at level of middle of inner posterior..........................87

- Posterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning at same level or lateroposterior one beginning slightly behind inner posterior one................................................................................................88

87(86) Pronotum with black areas restricted to the tubercles; elytra without yellowish costae behind posterior callosities; apex of meso- and metafemora and apical spines black. Fig. 85 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Maranhão).............................................................................................. E. prolixa Monné & Martins, 1992 View in CoL

- Pronotum with black bands behind tubercles; elytra with yellowish costae behind posterior callosities; apical spines of meso- and metafemora black. Fig. 99 View FIGURES 93 – 115 . Brazil (Goiás, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones, Buenos Aires).... E. sexguttata Lameere, 1884 View in CoL

88(86) Pronotum with wrinkles and a few punctures laterally........................................................ 89

- Pronotum with abundant punctures and sparse wrinkles centrally............................................... 90

89(88) Scape with basal depression; posterior eburneous callosities starting at same level. Fig. 54 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás), Peru, Bolivia (Santa Cruz)................................ E. elegantula Gounelle, 1909 View in CoL

- Scape without basal depression; lateroposterior eburneous callosities starting behind inner posterior callosities. Fig. 63 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Colombia (Putumayo)....................................................... E. guttata Martins & Galileo, 2005 View in CoL

90(88). Antennal tubercles strongly projected and acute at apex; scape globose with strong basal depression. Fig. 49 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . French Guiana........................................................................ E. crassipes Martins & Galileo, 2008 View in CoL

- Antennal tubercles slightly projected, rounded at apex; scape subcylindrical, without basal depression or with shallow depression...............................................................................................91

91(90). Longest setae at internal margin of antennomere III as long as four times width of the antennomere; pronotum without black bands; meso- and metatibiae of male dilated at apex. Fig. 56 View FIGURES 34 – 63 . Brazil (Mato Grosso)... E. eurytibialis Monné & Martins, 1992 View in CoL

- Longest setae at internal margin of antennomere III twice width of antennomere; pronotal tubercles followed by black bands; meso- and metatibiae of male not dilated. Fig. 86 View FIGURES 64 – 92 . Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso)......................................................................... E. puella (Newman, 1840) View in CoL

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Coleoptera

Family

Cerambycidae

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