Crangonyx sp.

Graening, G. O., Rogers, D. Christopher, Holsinger, John R., Barr, Cheryl & Bottorff, Richard, 2012, Checklist of Inland Aquatic Amphipoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca) of California, Zootaxa 3544, pp. 1-27 : 8-14

Crangonyx sp.

Records: The following records are tentative identifications from the ABL database or this study, and the generic distribution is mapped in Figure 2. Alameda Co. UC Berkeley, East Fork Redwood Cr. Butte Co. Mud Cr., Dry Cr., Feather R. Calaveras Co. Indian Cr., Stanislaus R. Contra Costa Co. Bear Cr. Rd., Franklin Cr., Grayson Cr., Las Trampas Cr., Murderers Cr., Pinole Cr., Possum Picnic Area, San Pablo Cr., Simas Cr., Wildcat Cr. Del Norte Co. Clarks Cr. El Dorado Co. Acorn Cr. in Skunk Canyon. Glen Co. Mud Cr., Little Butte Cr. Humboldt Co. North Fork Miller Cr., Salmon Cr., Sholes Cr. Inyo Co. Bishop Cr. Madera Co. Fresno R. Marin Co. “Keys at Irvin Road”, Big Carson Cr., Fairfax Cr., Green Gulch, Novato Cr. Mendocino Co. Outlet Cr., East Fork Russian R., Garcia R. Merced Co. Merced R., Salt Slough. Mono Co. Hot Cr. Monterey Co. Gabilan Cr. Napa Co. Napa R. Nevada Co. Deer Cr., Prosser Cr. Placer Co. Auburn Ravine, Boardman Canal, Clover Valley Cr., Dry Cr., Miners Ravine, Pleasant Grove Cr., Rubicon R., Secret Ravine, Truckee R. Sacramento Co. Alder Cr., American R., Arcade Cr., Dry Cr., Elder Cr., Laguna Cr., Linda Cr. San Diego Co. Escondido Cr., Rainbow Cr., San Luis Rey R. San Joaquin Co. Bear Cr., French Camp Slough, Little John Cr., Lone Tree Cr., Mokelumne R., Mosher Cr., Stanislaus R. San Luis Obispo Co. Arroyo De La Cruz, Garden Cr., Perfumo Cr., San Luis Obispo Cr., Stenner Cr. Santa Barbara Co. Santa Ynez R. Santa Clara Co. Chestnut Picnic Area, Saratoga. Santa Cruz Co. Aptos Cr., Scott Cr. Siskiyou Co. Yreka Cr. Sonoma Co. Matanzas Cr., Penngrove Park, Rainsville K.O.A. Stanislaus Co. Lone Tree Cr., Orestimba Cr., Stanislaus R., Tuolumne R. Trinity Co. Miner’s Cr. Yuba Co. Jack Slough.

Stygobromus cherylae Wang and Holsinger, 2001 ; Cheryl’s Amphipod (phreatobiont)

Records: Known only from the type locality in Sonoma Co.: “ unnamed spring box just east of Maacama Creek Bridge , beside highway 128, approximately 19.5 km east of Geyserville ”, C. Barr ( Wang and Holsinger 2001) .

Stygobromus cowani Wang and Holsinger, 2001 ; Cowan’s Amphipod (phreatobiont)

Records: Known perhaps only from the type locality in Napa Co.: “ roadside pipe from unnamed spring, Soda Canyon Road, approximately 6.4 km north of junction with Silverado Trail and about 6.4 km east of Yountville ”, 23 Feb. 1991, C. Barr ( Wang and Holsinger 2001).

Comments: Stygobromus nr. cowani was collected in Napa Co., Tucukey Cr., 29 Apr. 2000, by Friends of Napa Valley and Pacific Rivers Council ( R. Wisseman, unpub. data), and also in Contra Costa Co., Wildcat Cr., 14 Apr. 2009, 6 specimens, by T. King .

Stygobromus gallawayae Wang and Holsinger, 2001 ; Gallaway’s Amphipod (phreatobiont)

Records: Known only from the type locality in Butte Co.: “ unnamed spring on Rock Creek , about 20.8 km N of Chico ”, 1996-1997, 11 specimens, J. Gallaway ( Wang and Holsinger 2001) .

Stygobromus gradyi Holsinger, 1974 ; Grady’s Cave Amphipod (stygobiont)

Records: Amador Co. Fern Frond Cave, 15 Apr. 1979, D.C. Rudolph, S. Winterath, E. van Ingen, and D. Cowan; Masonic Cave and Lulebell Cave, 17 Oct. 1987, F. Howarth; unnamed spring ( Wang and Holsinger 2001) . Tuolumne Co. Crystal Palace Cave, 15 Aug. 1968, M. Grady ( Holsinger 1974), and confirmed present in 22 Oct. 2011, G.O. Graening and A. Aalbu; “ small unnamed spring , ca. 14.8 km southeast of Angels Camp ”, 19 Nov. 1978, D. Cowan ( Wang and Holsinger 2001).

Comments: A stygobiont known only from springs and caves in the Mother Lode karst region, sometimes sympatrically with S. grahami .

Stygobromus grahami Holsinger, 1974 ; Graham’s Cave Amphipod (stygobiont)

Records: Amador Co. Fern Frond Cave, Masonic Cave ( Wang and Holsinger 2001); Soldier Creek Cave ( Holsinger 1974). Calaveras Co. Cave City Cave (= California Caverns), Cave of the Catacombs, Cave of the Quills, Shaws Cave, and Sink Cave ( Holsinger 1974). El Dorado Co. Bacon Cr. Spring , springbox and outflow, Blodgett Forest Research Station, ca. 19 km east of Georgetown, 6 June 2004, C. Barr.

Comments: A stygobiont known only from springs and caves in the Mother Lode karst region.

Stygobromus harai Holsinger, 1974 ; Hara’s Cave Amphipod (stygobiont)

Records: A stygobiont known from only a few subterranean sites in Tuolumne Co.: Pinnacle Point Cave, and a mine tunnel near Pinnacle Point Cave, 27 Nov. 1974 ( Holsinger 1974); Windeler Cave; and an “ unnamed spring , 15 km southeast of Sonora ” ( Wang and Holsinger 2001).

Stygobromus hyporheicus Wang and Holsinger, 2001 ; Hyporheic Amphipod (hyporheic)

Records: A phreatobiont known only from the type locality in Marin Co.: Golden Gate National Recreation Area , “ gravel-bed of intermittent stream, Cronan Creek ”, at a depth of 40 cm, 1997, 5 specimens, R. Leach ( Wang and Holsinger 2001) .

Comments: No creek by that name is known, but there is a Cronin Gulch in this Recreation Area. Searches in 2010 and 2011 in the hyporheos of Cronin Gulch did not detect the species; the substrate of this stream is highly imbedded with silts and fines, and may no longer contain suitable habitat.

Stygobromus imperialis Wang and Holsinger, 2001 ; Empire Cave Amphipod (stygobiont)

Records: A stygobiont known only from the type locality in Santa Cruz Co.: Empire Cave, 22 Apr. 1979, D. Rudolph, D. Cowan, and B. van Ingen; sympatric with S. mackenziei ( Wang and Holsinger 2001) .

Comments: Stygobromus nr. imperialis was collected in Monterey Co., Hastings Natural History Reservation east of Jamesburg, Arnold Spring (springbox), 14 Oct. 2003, C. Barr and W. Shepard.

Stygobromus lacicolus Holsinger, 1974 (nektobenthic?)

Records: Endemic to the benthos of Lake Tahoe; occurs sympatrically with S. tahoensis ( Frantz and Cordone 1966; Holsinger 1974).

Comments: Caires et al. (2010) reported: “ We found 3 specimens of Stygobromus lacicolus , 2 specimens that were smaller and were possibly S. tahoensis , and one specimen that was damaged and unidentified. All were collected between 67 and 107 m depth in McKinney Bay , near the west shore of Lake Tahoe. We only collected these 6 specimens, and from only one location in Lake Tahoe, out of about 400 samples in 2008-09, whereas stygobromids were extremely abundant (up to 3500 per square meter) from 200 to 350 meters at many different locations in ~400 samples collected in 1962-63.”

Stygobromus mackenziei Holsinger, 1974 ; McKenzie's Cave Amphipod (stygobiont)

Records: Known only from the type locality in Santa Cruz Co.: Empire Cave, 6 specimens, 28 May 1967, D. McKenzie ( Holsinger 1974); 5 specimens, 22 Apr. 1979, D.C. Rudolph, D. Cowan, and B. van Ingen, and 4 Dec. 1983, 2 specimens, T. Briggs ( Wang and Holsinger 2001).

Stygobromus sp. nov. cf. mackenziei (hyporheic?)

Santa Clara Co. Creeks above Almaden Reservoir (probably washed out of sediments or in riffles), 19 May 1997, S. Fend; Saratoga Cr. at Tollgate Rd., May 1998 (probably washed out of sediments), S. Fend; Los Gatos Cr. below Lake Elsman, probably washed out of sediments or seeps, 16 May 1997 S. Fend (unpub. data).

Stygobromus sp. nov. aff. mackenziei (hyporheic?)

Records: Stanislaus Co. Tuolumne R. at river miles (from confluence with San Joaquin R.) 25.4, 31.5, 38.1, 42.3, 43.2, 48.8, and 51.6, over 170 individuals collected in benthic samples by N. Hume et al. from 1996 to 2009 ( Stillwater Sciences 2009).

Stygobromus myersae Wang and Holsinger, 2001 ; Myers’ Amphipod (phreatobiont)

Records: Inyo Co. “ Black Canyon Spring, ca. 11 km E of Bishop ”; “ unnamed hillside spring , ca. 7 km S of Black Canyon Spring ”; “ unnamed hillside spring in Marble Canyon, ca. 7 km S of Black Canyon Spring ” ( Wang and Holsinger 2001).

Comments: Also known from Nevada, Esmeralda Co., at Log Spring ( Wang and Holsinger 2001) .

Stygobromus mysticus Holsinger, 1974 ; Secret Amphipod (phreatobiont)

Records: Known only from a vague type locality in Siskiyou Co.: “ Subterranean habitat at Greenview ” in Klamath Mountains , 25 specimens, W. Barrett ( Holsinger 1974) .

Comments: We believe this locale is possibly a well; there is no other accession information (USNM # 142794 and -5).

Stygobromus rudolphi Wang and Holsinger, 2001 ; Rudolph’s Amphipod (phreatobiont)

Records: Known only from the type locality in Santa Barbara Co.: Montgomery Spring , Los Padres National Forest, 8 specimens, 1974, D.C. Rudolph ( Wang and Holsinger 2001) .

Stygobromus sheldoni Holsinger, 1974 ; Sheldon’s Amphipod (phreatobiont)

Records: Nevada Co. “ Bog spring tributary to Sagehen Creek ”, 2 other unnamed springs, and Station spring, Sagehen Field Research Station, June 1965, A. Sheldon ( Holsinger 1974); Station spring, 2 specimens, 1999, C. Barr and W. Shepard ( Wang and Holsinger 2001), and 25 June 2009, abundant in bryophytes in spring resurgence, C. Barr and G.O. Graening.

Stygobromus sierrensis Holsinger, 1974 ; Sierran Amphipod (phreatobiont)

Records: Known only from a single site in Sierra Co.: “ Spring in Trosi canyon ”, 1,850 m elev., 10 May 1966, A. Sheldon ( Holsinger 1974); we could not locate this site.

Comments: A. Sheldon (pers. com., 2009) stated that the elevation is incorrect, as the collection site was higher up the canyon; Sardine Spring is the likely locale. Three immature specimens, prob. S. sierrensis , were found in an unnamed spring 4 km southeast of Sardine Spring, Tahoe National Forest, 3 Oct. 2009, G.O. Graening and C. Akin.

Stygobromus sp. nov., aff. S. sierrensis (phreatobiont)

Records: Modoc Co. Modoc National Forest, Warner Mountains, Stough Reservoir Campground, unnamed spring with outflow pipe in tank above campground, elev. 1,900 m, 9 July 2007, C. Barr.

Stygobromus tahoensis Holsinger, 1974 ; Lake Tahoe Amphipod (nektobenthic?)

Records: Endemic to the benthos of Lake Tahoe ( Frantz and Cordone 1966; Holsinger 1974). Comments: Originally collected by Frantz and Cordone (1966) in dredge samples and erroneously reported as S. hubbsi Shoemaker, 1942 , which does not occur in California ( Holsinger 1974). Caires et al. (2010) performed similar dredge sampling and reported it to be extremely rare, and probably in decline.

Stygobromus trinus Wang and Holsinger, 2001 ; Trinity County Amphipod (stygobiont)

Records: Known only from the type locality, Hall City Cave (Trinity Co.), from one collection event: 11 Apr. 1979, D. Rudolph, B. Martin, and S. Winterath ( Wang and Holsinger 2001) .

Comments: SCUBA divers did not detect any amphipods while mapping the submerged passages of Hall City

Cave in 2012 (E. Jessup, California Academy of Sciences , pers. comm.) .

Stygobromus wengerorum Holsinger, 1974 ; Wengers’ Cave Amphipod (stygobiont)

Records: A stygobiont known only from 2 sites in Mariposa Co.: Bower Cave, May - June 1971, S. Shimek and B. Kruse ( Holsinger 1974); and Centipede Cave, 30 July 1975, S. Shimek ( Wang and Holsinger 2001).

Stygobromus sp. nov. (phreatobiont)

Records: A new taxon from Sonoma Co.: Hwy 128 at Maacama Bridge, 20 km east of Geyserville, at a springbox and hillside spring pipe feeding the spring box. In 2000, C. Barr and W. Shepard found it abundant and sympatric with a population of S. cherylae .