Gosiulus timpius ( Chamberlin 1912 ) Shelley & Smith, 2016

Shelley, Rowland M. & Smith, Jamie M., 2016, Parajulid milliped studies XI: Initial assessment of the tribe Gosiulini (Diplopoda: Julida), Insecta Mundi 2016 (509), pp. 1-17 : 8-10

Gosiulus timpius ( Chamberlin 1912) , new combination

Fig. 14–19 .

Paraiulus timpius Chamberlin 1912: 165 , pl. 11, fig. 8–9.

Ziniulus navajo Chamberlin 1943: 146–147 , fig. 6. Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958: 149. New objective synonymy.

Apacheiulus pinalensis Loomis, 1968: 160 , fig. 1–5. Hoffman, 1999: 149. New subjective synonymy.

Apacheiulus guadelupensis Loomis 1975: 217–218 , fig. 1–4. Hoffman, 1999: 149. New subjective synonymy.

Parajulus timpius: Hoffman, 1999: 171 .

Type specimens. The male and female syntypes ( Chamberlin 1912, Hoffman 1999) are lost. They were collected by T. D. A. Cockerell on an unknown date prior to 1912 at Los (misspelled as “Las”) Valles, New Mexico, an unknown location that modern computer programs place in San Miguel Co., ca. 16.0 km (10.0 mi) SE of Las Vegas (elevation 5,900’), in the Gallinas River Valley near the community of San Augustin (35°27’13.77”N, 105°09’3.39”W). The habitat was probably the predominant pinyon pinejuniper grassland. As no new male-containing samples are available from this county, we exercise the right of first reviser and designate the individuals in the type-sample of Z. navajo , the second oldest name (omitted by Hoffman (1999)), as the neo-/paraneotypes of P. timpius ; Z. navajo thus becomes an objective synonym of the latter. Male neotype and one M and one F paraneotypes ( NMNH, the holotype, paratype, and allotype, respectively, of Z. navajo ) collected by S. and D. Mulaik, 31 May 1941, 9.6 km (6.0 mi) south of Mountainair, Torrance Co., New Mexico, some 154.0 km (96.0 mi) southwest of Los Valles/San Augustin. We do not so designate the two female paratypes of Z. navajo from other New Mexico localities - south of Ft. Stanton, Lincoln Co., and Lamy (= Santa Fe Station), Santa Fe Co.

Diagnosis. Anterior gonopod coxal lobe long, distinct; lateral syncoxal process apically rounded. Posterior gonopod prefemoral process unspined; process “C” long, blade-like, curling around and enveloping dorsal, caudal, and ventral surfaces of solenomere near midlength.

Descriptive notes. Body dimensions, somatic features, and gonopods in situ agreeing closely with those of G. conformatus . Anterior gonopod ( Fig. 14–16 ) with relatively long coxal lobe; telopodite nearly upright, lateral syncoxal process leaning strongly mediad, apically rounded with strong basal lobe on outer surface. Posterior gonopod prefemoral process without spines, long and blade-like for most of length, narrowing distad and apically uncinate; process “C” long, twisted, and blade-like, curling over and enveloping dorsal, caudal, and ventral surfaces of solenomere around midlength; basal bulge of solenomere small, inconspicuous, stem angling anterioventrad, curvilinear or sigmoid.

Variation. Body size and somatic features vary as in G. conformatus , but the anterior is the more variable gonopod. It possesses a distinct coxal lobe that ranges from short and rounded to moderately long and dactyliform, and the basal lobe on the lateral syncoxal process varies from short, globular, and broadly rounded to long, narrow, and subdactyliform. The posterior gonopod is more anatomically stable than that of the type species, the most variable aspects being the relative length of the prefemoral process, the size of the apical hook, and the sigmoid or curvilinear configuration of the solenomere. Process “C” is constant, but the degree of overhang of the solenomere varies from complete and extending beyond its inner margin to half of its width.

Ecology. The mountain/upland species, G. timpius occurs in all four US states occupied by the tribe/ genus. Habitat notations on sample labels include “below igneous outcropping,” “limestone cliff,” “in west draining canyon,” “sifting pinyon litter in a Pinyon Pine/Juniper association with a little yellow pine,” “under rocks in pinyon pine/juniper zone,” “sweeping fir at night,” “cantrap in pinyon pine, juniper, and Nolina ,” “litter beneath Dasylirion wheeleri ” (Desert Spoon or Sotol), and “under rocks and leaves in ravine.”

Distribution ( Fig. 13 ). The distribution of G. timpius extends from the mountains of west Texas ( Guadalupe, Davis, Chisos, and Franklin) through those in central New Mexico (Organ, Sacramento, Capitan, Sierra Blanca, Manzano, Sandia, and Sangre de Cristo) and the Front Ranges of the Rockies to one-third of the north-south dimension of Colorado and the mountains in westcentral Arizona. The southernmost localities are about 16.0 km (10.0 mi) from the International Border in Cochise and Pima Cos. , Arizona, Luna Co. , New Mexico, and El Paso and Brewster Cos., Texas, so we anticipate discovery in northern Sonora and Chihuahua, Mexico. The Texas sites are separated from Mexico by the Rio Grande, but those in New Mexico and Arizona are only separated by a line in the sand. The southernmost record, in Brewster Co., Texas, is based on females and less certain than those vouchered by males, so it is denoted by the red question mark.

Published records. Arizona: Pinal Co., Pinal Mts. between Miami and Superior ( Loomis 1968, Hoffman 1999, Shelley et al. 2000). New Mexico: Lincoln Co. ( Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958), 9.6 km (6.0 mi) S Mountainair, 8.0 km (5.0 mi) S Tijeras, S of Ft. Stanton, and N of Glencoe ( Chamberlin 1943). San Miguel Co., “Las Valles,” probably a misspelling of “Los Valles,” 16.0 km (10.0 mi) SE Las Vegas ( Chamberlin 1912, Hoffman 1999). Santa Fe Co. , “ Santa Fe Station” ( Chamberlin 1943), apparently referring to Lamy, the Amtrak passenger train stop for Santa Fe (city) that was served in the 1930s-40s by the AT&SF railroad. Torrance Co. ( Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958). Texas: Culberson Co., Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Bush Mountain ( Loomis 1968, Hoffman 1999).

Material examined. USA. Arizona: Cochise Co., Dragoon Mts. nr. Dragoon, MM, FF, 3 January 1928, H. F. Loomis ( FSCA). Gila Co., Seneca, Tonto Nat. For. , 2M, 2F, 30 December 1970, D. Thomas ( LACM). Pima Co., Molino Basin, Santa Catalina Mts., Coronado Nat. For. , 4,300’, M, F, 22 November 1959, J. A. Beatty ( FSCA). Pinal Co., Oracle, Cherry Valley Ranch, Santa Catalina Mts. , 4,650’, F, 3 April 1960, J. A. Beatty ( FSCA). Yavapai Co., 40.0 km (25.0 mi) NW Phoenix, Hells Canyon, Hieroglyphic Mts., M, FF, 2 November 1932, A. V. Willis ( FSCA).

Colorado: Fremont Co., 16.0 km (10.0 mi) N Cañon City, along Oil Cr., 6M, 6F, 23 September 1961, B. Vogel ( UCM, NCSM, UTIC) ; and Royal Gorge Rim , 5M, FF, juvs., 16 September 1940, S. and D. Mulaik ( NMNH) .

New Mexico: Bernalillo Co., Sandia Mts. Cibola Nat. For., Sulphur Springs, 7,200’, MM, FF, July 1948 ( FSCA), Lower Canyon Estates USFS Trail, M, F, 17 November 1990, north of South Peak, 2M, 16 August 1991, and ca. 1.6 km (1.0 mi) S jct. Pino and Sandia Creek Trails, M, 22 September 1991, C. S. Crawford ( NCSM); and 17.6 km (11.0 mi) S Tijeras, M, 30 May 1941, S. and D. Mulaik ( NMNH). Catron Co., Gila Nat. For , along USFS 41, ca. 16.0 km (10.0 mi) E jct. NM hwy 435, F, 20 July 2004, R. M. Shelley, M. F. Medrano ( FSCA). Cibola Co., El Malpais Nat. Mon., 3M, 3F, 11 July 1991 – 11 January 1992, D. C. Lightfoot ( NCSM) and Rattlesnake Canyon, 2M, 5F, 11 June 1991 – 15 March 1992, D. C. Lightfoot ( MSB); rd. from Grants to La Mosca lookout on Mt. Taylor, 7,950’, 2M, 22 July 1953, C. C. Hoff, Gorham, Joseph ( AMNH); and Grants, M, 2F, 18 September 1993, W. D. Sissom ( WTAM). Doña Aña Co., Organ Mts., Dripping Springs, 2F, 19 April 1888, T. D. A. Cockerell ( FSCA) and MM, FF, juvs., 13 January 1927, H. F. Loomis ( FSCA), near Organ, 10M, F, 27 December 1927, H. F. Loomis ( AMNH, FSCA), and E side Organ Mts., 5,800 -6,500 ’, MM, FF, juvs., 29 January 1980, A. K. Johnson, R. Casteller (FSCA) ; and 11.2 km (7.9 mi) NW Las Cruces, NW side Picacho Mt., 1,340’, 3M, 4F, 14 February 1996, R. D. Worthington ( VMNH). Grant Co., 9.6 km (6.0 mi) N Piños Altos, 2M, 2F, 16 December 1954, K. W. Haller, and Burro Mts., M, 2F, 29 April and 15 May 1973, M. H. Muma ( FSCA). Lincoln Co., Carrizozo Malpais ca. 16.0 km (10.0 mi) W Carrizozo, S. Riechert ( UTIC). Luna Co. , 8.6 km (6.0 mi) NNW Columbus, Tres Hermanas Mts., N side Middle Sister Mt., 2M, 4F, 25 November 1995, R. D. Worthington ( VMNH). Otero Co., campground in Lincoln Nat. For., M, 22 July 1964, W. A. Shear ( VMNH); and Cloudcroft, 2F, 22 August 1962, P. Weems ( FSCA). Sandoval Co., summit of Cabezon Peak, M, 2F, 24 March 1990, C. S. Crawford ( NCSM). San Miguel Co., Las Vegas, 2F, 9 August, Barber and Schwarz ( FSCA). Santa Fe Co., Lamy (= Santa Fe Station), F, 31 May 1941, S. and D. Mulaik ( NMNH). Socorro Co., Sevilleta Nat. Wildlife Ref., Ladrone watershed, 3M, F, 11 May 1989, Cerro Montoso, M, 2F, 10 April and 11 May 1989, and eastern base of Ladrone Mt., M, F, April-June 1989, C. S. Crawford ( NCSM). Taos Co., 9.6 km (6.0 mi) S Questa, 7,800’, M, 2F, 20 July 1953, C. C. Hoff, Joseph ( AMNH); Columbine Camp W of Red River, 8,000’, M, 19 August 1953, C. C. Hoff, Joseph ( AMNH); and 6.4 km (4.0 mi) N Arroyo Hondo, M, 20 August 1953, C. C. Hoff, Joseph ( FSCA). Torrance Co., 9.6 km (6.0 mi) S Mountainair, 2M, F, 31 May 1941, S. and D. Mulaik ( NMNH); and Manzano Mts., campground ca. 3.2 km (2.0 mi) W Tajique, M, 19 May 1993, K. J. McWest ( NCSM).

Texas : Brewster Co., Alpine, M, 2 juvs., 20 October 1932, O. F. Cook ( FSCA) ; 16.0 km (10.0 mi) W Alpine , M, F, 28 November 1946, E. S. Ross ( FSCA) ; and Big Bend Nat. Pk. , Chisos Mts. , foot of Pulliam Ridge , 5,400’, 2F, 5 September 1961, H. F. Loomis ( FSCA). Culbertson Co., Guadalupe Pass, Guadalupe Mts., 2F, 25 September 1950, W. J. Gertsch ( FSCA). El Paso Co. , Hueco Mt., Hueco Tanks State Historic Park, M, 15 October 1995, J. Bohuslavek, R. D. Worthington ( VMNH) ; and El Paso , Franklin Mts. , 0.6 km (0.4 mi) WNW summit of Anthony’s Nose in west draining canyon, 5,700’, 3F, 12 November 1995, and NE slope 1.9 km (1.2 mi) SE summit of South Franklin Mt. , 2F, 22 November 1998, R. D. Worthington ( VMNH). Hudspeth Co., Guadalupe Mountains Nat. Pk. , M, 2F, April-May 1973, J. C. Loomis ( VMNH). Jeff Davis Co. , Mt. Locke, juv., 23 January 1973, T. R. Mollhaven ( FSCA) .

Remarks. The correct spelling of the mountain range and national park is “Guad a lupe,” but Loomis (1975) spelled the specific name as “ guadelupensis ” in both the original description and figure caption; this (mis)spelling was repeated by Hoffman (1999). As the name falls in synonymy under timpius , emendation is moot. In the descriptive and subsequent accounts ( Loomis 1975, Hoffman 1999), Bush Mtn. is reported as being in the Hudspeth Co. section of Guadalupe Mountains National Park, but it is actually in the Culberson Co. sector.

The posterior gonopods of the holotype of A. pinalensis are lost. They were not in the vial with the anterior pair and the fragmented body, nor was the female paratype that was collected with the holotype.

Figures

Figure 13. Distributions of species of Gosiulini. Black, G. conformatus. Red, G. timpius. Green, M. biramus.

Figures 14–21. Gosiulini gonopods. 14) Right anterior gonopod of the neotype of Gosiulus timpius (holotype of Z. navajo), anterior view. 15) The same, lateral view. 16) Right anterior gonopod of male of G. timpius from Culberson Co., Texas, anterior view. 17) Left posterior gonopod of neotype, lateral view. 18) The same, anterior view. 19) The same, medial view. 20) Right anterior gonopod of the holotype of Minutissimiulus biramus, anterior view. 21) Left posterior gonopod of the same, lateral view. cl, coxal lobe; other abbreviations as in Fig. 2–5, 6–12.