Plagiohammus, Dillon and Dillon, 1941

Constantino, Luis Miguel, M, Pablo Benavides & Durán, José Rafael Esteban, 2014, Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species, Insecta Mundi 2014 (337), pp. 1-21 : 15-17

Key to the species of Plagiohammus

1. Elytra densely ochre-yellow pubescent, with small black dots P. pollinosus (Bates) ( Fig. 44 )

— Above at least indistinctly maculate, either on elytra or on pronotum ..................................... 2

2(1). Elytra nearly uniformly white tomentose .......................... P. imperator (Thomson) ( Fig. 35 )

— Elytra not largely white................................................................................................................ 3

3(2). Elytra white with small black maculae .................................... P. niveus (Breuning) ( Fig. 36 )

— Elytra without black maculae ...................................................................................................... 4

4(3). Elytral maculation consisting of denser patches of the same pubescence as that covering the entire upper surface; Elytra light fulvous tomentose, macula very numerous, vague and small; elytral apices strongly spined at tip, maculae pinkish ............................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................. P. confuso r Dillon and Dillon ( Fig. 39 )

— Elytral maculae more or less contrasting to rest of pubescence ................................................ 5

5(4). Elytra light fulvous tomentose, macula very numerous, vague and small; elytral apices strongly spined at tip, maculae pinkish............................... P. confuso r Dillon and Dillon ( Fig. 39 )

— Elytra with visible pores throughout........................................................................................... 6

6(5). Elytra with light brown maculae, apices without spine ............ P. sallei (Thomson) ( Fig. 40 )

— Elytra polished black, with numerous transverse spots of different color ................................ 7

7(6). Maculae light brown with elytral apices strongly spiny................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................. P. camillus Dillon and Dillon ( Fig. 38 )

— Maculae differently colored .......................................................................................................... 8

8(7). Maculae with irregular pinkish spots; elytral apices unarmed ........ P. sargi (Bates) ( Fig. 32 )

— Elytral apices strongly spiny at tip.............................................................................................. 9

9(8). Elytra with four irregular chalk-white maculae, and few small dots ........................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ P. thoracicus (White) ( Fig. 29 )

— Maculae chalk-white with many small dots .............................................................................. 10

10(9). Maculae of elytra yellowish-white, at least five large and very irregular; elytral apices shortly spine; beneath laterally yellowish-white maculate ................... P. ornator (Bates) ( Fig. 43 )

— Pubescence of elytra (except of maculae) in minute, reticulating patches .............................. 11

11(10). Elytra with four large white spots, with minute dots throughout P. nitidus (Bates) ( Fig. 27 )

— Elytra black without small spots ............................................................................................... 12

12(11). Four regular maculae of elytra chalk-white, beneath later immaculate, reticulating patches brown ..................................................................... P. olivescens Dillon and Dillon ( Fig. 31 )

— Four regular maculae of elytra yellowish.................................................................................. 13

13(12). White elytra spots fused in the middle forming a half-circle ....... P. lunaris (Bates) ( Fig. 41 )

— Spots not fused in the middle ..................................................................................................... 14

14(13). Elytra nearly uniformly brown tomentose ................................ P. blairi (Breuning) ( Fig. 37 )

— Elytra with yellowish, white or orange ochraceous spots......................................................... 15

15(14). Elytra with five orange ochraceous spots ................................ P. rubefactus (Bates) ( Fig. 16 )

— Elytra with white spots, extreme base of elytra immaculate ................................................... 16

16(15). Elytra with three large white spots ............................................... P. albatus (Bates) ( Fig. 24 )

— Elytra with four white medium size spots................................................................................. 17

17(16). Elytra with two yellowish maculae; elytra brown tomentose........................................................ ................................................................................ P. brunneus Dillon and Dillon ( Fig. 34 )

— Elytral maculae white, usually more abundant; elytra brown tomentose .............................. 18

18(17). Pronotum only feebly transversely rugose; each elytron with three to four white maculae ....... ............................................................................ P. spinipennis (Thomson) ( Fig. 23 , 54, 55 )

— Elytra with five to six medium size maculae............................................................................. 19

19(18). Lunule of elytra ashy; elytra unarmed at apex, beneath immaculate.......................................... ............................................................................................... P. granulosus (Bates) ( Fig. 26 )

— Lunule of elytra white ................................................................................................................ 20

20(19). Elytra dark brown, uniform, clean white spots on sternite rounded and smal........................... l ............................................................................................. P. elatus (Bates) ( Fig. 19 , 50, 51 )

— Elytra black with small brown-grayish maculae ...................................................................... 21

21(20). Elytra with white irregular spots, immaculate at base and apex................................................. ................................................................................................... P. laceratus (Bates) ( Fig. 33 )

— Elytra with yellow irregular spots ............................................................................................. 22

22(21). Elytra with six regular yellowish spots; elytra dark brown .... P. maculosus (Bates) ( Fig. 22 )

— Pubescence of elytra (except of maculae) in minute, reticulating patches .............................. 23

23(22). Two large irregular white spots fused in the middle; minute brown dots scattered between the white spots ........................................................ P. decorus Chemsak and Linsley ( Fig. 25 )

— Elytra with five or six large irregular spots contrasting to rest of pubescence....................... 24

24(23). Elytral apices unarmed, four basal grayish-white dots, spots more distinctly lateral ................ ........................................................................................ P. lacordairei (Thomson) ( Fig. 42 )

— Elytral apices armed ................................................................................................................... 25

25(24). Maculae sulfur yellow, with many small dots; elytra polished purplish brown........................... .............................................................................. P. emanon Dillon and Dillon (Fig.17,18)

— Elytra brown, maculated at base and apex ............................................................................... 26

26(25). Maculae mustard yellow in females, or whitish-yellow in males with four large ovate spots; elytra dark brown .............................................................. P. thiodes (Bates) ( Fig. 20,21 , 47 )

— Maculae white, elytra black or reddish ochre ........................................................................... 27

27(26). Maculae golden yellow, with six large irregular spots; elytra grayish-brown with many small golden yellow dots covering the elytra.......................... P. colombiensis n. sp. ( Fig. 1, 2 , 15 )

— Elytra with white spots .............................................................................................................. 28

28(27). Elytra reddish-ochre with several small white dots .................... P. sticticus (Bates) ( Fig. 28 )

— Elytra black with few large white spots .................................................................................... 29

29(28). Elytra very densely dotted with white throughout, each elytron with large white spot forming two transverse bands, one situated a little before the middle, the other at the beginning of the apical third...................................................... P. mexicanus Breuning (not illustrated)

— Elytra light brown with five large white dots; white small dots absent ....................................... ................................................................................................ P. inermis (Thomson) ( Fig.30 )

Figures

Figures 15-44. Right elytra of Plagiohammus type species from the neotropical region. 15. P. colombiensis sp. nov. 16. P. rubefactus. 17. P. emanon male. 18. P. emanon female. 19. P. elatus. 20. P. thiodes male. 21. P. thiodes female. 22. P. maculosus. 23. P. spinipennis. 24. P. albatus. 25. P. decorus. 26. P. granulosus. 27. P. nitidus. 28. P. sticticus. 29. P. thoracicus. 30. P. inermis. 31. P. olivescens. 32. P. sargi. 33. P. laceratus. 34. P. brunneus. 35. P. imperator. 36. P. niveus. 37. P. blairi. 38. P. camillus. 39. P. confusor. 40. P. sallei. 41. P. lunaris. 42. P. lacordairei. 43. P. ornator. 44. P. pollinosus.

Figures 45-56. Plagiohammus species. 45-46. P. colombiensis sp. nov. male and female; 47-48. P. thiodes male and female; 49. P. maculosus male; 50-51. P. elatus male and female; 52-53. P. emanon female and male; 54-55. P. spinipennis male and female; 56. P. rubefactus male.

Figures 1-12. Plagiohammus colombiensis sp. nov. 1a, Holotype male dorsal view, 1b, idem, lateral view; 2a, Allotype female dorsal view, 2b, idem, lateral view; 3, View of scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere on the left antenna of P. colombiensis; 4, Idem, P. thiodes; 5-6, head and pronotum of P. colombiensis; 7-8, idem, P. thiodes; 9-10, Apices of the elytra of P. colombiensis male and female; 11-12, idem, P. thiodes, male and female.