Stagmatoptera precaria ( Linnaeus, 1758 )
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4183.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E576DCD-49EB-47DD-9CF2-14F3941BA0B5 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6057594 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03826A4A-FFB7-FF8B-05B4-FCF5768B15B2 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Stagmatoptera precaria ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) |
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Stagmatoptera precaria ( Linnaeus, 1758)
Male—Figures 32B, 34B, 36B, 38B, 40B, 42C–48C, 52A. Female—Figures 33B, 35B, 37B, 39B, 41B, 49B–52B,.
Gryllus (Mantis) precarius Linnaeus, 1758 , p.426 (descr.); Linnaeus, 1764, p.426 (redesc.);; Gmelin-Linné, 1790, p.2050 (redesc.).
Mantis precaria, Linnaeus, 1767 , p.691 (redesc.); Fabricius, 1775, p.277 (redesc.); Goeze, 1778, p.25 (redesc.); Fabricius, 1781, p.349 (redesc.); Fabricius, 1787, p.228 (redesc.); Olivier, 1792, p.628 (redesc.); Fabricius, 1793, p.20 (redesc.); Lichtenstein, 1802, p.26 (redesc.); Palisot de Beauvois, 1805, p.61, t.12, f.1 (redesc.); Thunberg, 1815, p.290 (redesc.); Audinet Serville, 1831, p.53 (cit.); Audinet Serville, 1839, p.181 (redesc.); Charpentier, 1841, p.292 (redesc.); Charpentier, 1844, p.302 (cit.).
= Mantis cubitata Goeze, 1778 View in CoL , p.34 (descr.); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (syn.).
= Mantis octosetosa Goeze, 1778 , p.35 (descr.); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (syn.).
= Mantis ocellata Olivier, 1792 View in CoL , p.639 (descr.); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (syn.).
= Mantis obsecraria Lichtenstein, 1802 , p.28 (descr.).
= Mantis annulata Stoll, 1813 , p.55, t.18, f.66 (descr.);
= Mantis (Stagmatoptera) praecaria, Burmeister, 1838 , p.539 (redesc.).
= Mantis praecaria, Burmeister, 1864 , p.236 (redesc.); Werner, 1925a, p.167 (redesc.).
Stagmatoptera precaria, Saussure, 1869 , p.67 (cit.); Saussure, 1870, p.232 (cit.); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (cit.); Brunner, 1906, p.144 (cit.); Rehn, 1911, p.13 (cit.); Giglio-Tos, 1914, p.32 (redesc.); Giglio-Tos, 1927, p.598 (redesc.); Terra, 1995, p.65 (cit.); Ehrmann, 2002, p.329 (cit.); Agudelo et al., 2007, p.125 (cit.); Ehrmann & Koçak, 2009, p.12 (cit.).
= Stagmatoptera obsecraria, Saussure, 1869 View in CoL , p.67 (cit.); Saussure, 1870, p.232 (cit.); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (syn.).
= Stagmatoptera annulata Saussure, 1871b View in CoL , p.91, t.1, f.9 (redesc.); Saussure, 1872, p.256 (cit.); Stål, 1877, p.72 (cit.); Borre, 1883, p.66 (cit.); Westwood, 1889, p.15 (cit.); Saussure & Zehntner, 1894, p.187 (redesc.); Kirby, 1904, p.300 (syn.).
= Stagmomantis precaria, Brunner, 1897 , p.3, t.2, f.22; Giglio-Tos, 1927, p.598 (cit.).
Type: Unknown.
Type locality. Unknown.
Diagnosis. Spot on the stigma circular and small, without a spot on the middle of the anterior surface of the foretibia.
Redescription. Male —Prothorax slender, lateral margins slightly crenulated on the prozona, smooth on the metazona. Metazona with a weakly marked central keel ( Fig. 34 View FIGURE 34 B). Forecoxae with 6–11 large spines, which alternate with 0–7 smaller spines ( Fig. 36 View FIGURE 36 B). Forefemora elongated and broad, the first three discoidal spines black on their anterior surface; 14–17 anteroventral spines, usually 15, the first spine and all the big spines black on their anterior surface, the 8th, 10th and 12th spines may present a small spot of the same coloration on their insertion.
Anterior femoral spot extending from the femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, rectangular, an effaced black color or starting dark on the femoral sulcus and fading towards the apex of the femora ( Fig. 38 View FIGURE 38 B). Foretibiae with 10–13 posteroventral spines, usually 11, and 14–16 anteroventral spines, usually 15; tibial spur dark on its anterior surface, the last spine before it may be dark on the anterior surface ( Fig. 40 View FIGURE 40 B). Foretarsi with apical black spots on the anterior surface of the tarsomeres I to IV. Discoidal area of the forewings with an opaque-green stripe anteriorly, gradually or suddenly becoming hyaline. Spot on the stigma circular, small sized, with an anterior white spot and a posterior brown spot. Discoidal and anal areas of the hindwings completely hyaline or hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins of their anterior halves ( Fig. 52 View FIGURE 52 A).
Genitalia. Left phallomere longer than wide; sclerite L4B as long as wide; paa elongated, slightly dilated on the left side of its base, angled approximately 45° from the body axis, apex simple, directed ventrally ( Fig. 42 View FIGURE 42 C); pda short, narrow, flattened, sharply bent 90° to the right, apex strongly sclerotized and tapered ( Fig. 45 View FIGURE 45 C); afa elongated, parallel to the body axis ( Fig. 43 View FIGURE 43 C), right margin smooth and sinuous ( Fig. 44 View FIGURE 44 C), posterior apex tumid, with a projection on the right margin, rugged and strongly sclerotized, anterior apex straight, margins very sclerotized and tumid, forming a groove ( Fig. 43 View FIGURE 43 C); loa short, bent to the right ( Fig. 42 View FIGURE 42 C); membrane adjacent to afa glabrous ( Fig. 43 View FIGURE 43 C). Right phallomere with the posterior apex rounded; bm short, with a narrow and high expansion on the middle ( Fig. 46 View FIGURE 46 C); pia elongated, sclerotized ( Fig. 47 View FIGURE 47 C–48C); pva short, strongly sclerotized, rectangular apex ( Fig. 48 View FIGURE 48 C); an elongated, apex smoothly rounded ( Fig. 47 View FIGURE 47 C).
Measuremens. Body length 64–81.9; head width: 7.2–8.1; prozona length: 4.3–5.3; metazona length: 17.6–22.5; prothorax width: 4.5–5.3; forecoxae length: 12.5–14.6; forefemora length: 14.8–17.6; forefemora width: 2.6–3.3; foretibiae length: 7.2–8.6.
Ratios. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.44–1.67; metazona/prozona: 3.74–4.77; metazona length/prothoracic width: 3.59–4.67; metazona/forecoxae: 1.38–1.66; forefemora length/width: 4.88–6.27.
Female —Prothorax slender, lateral margins slightly crenulated. Metazona with a weakly marked central keel ( Fig. 35 View FIGURE 35 B). Forecoxae with 7–13 large spines, which alternate with 3–11 smaller spines ( Fig. 37 View FIGURE 37 B). Forefemora elongated and broad, the first three discoidal spines black on their anterior surface; 14–20 anteroventral spines, usually 15, the first spine and all the big spines black on their anterior surface, the 8th, 10th and 12th spines may present a small spot of the same coloration on their insertion. Anterior femoral spot extending from the femoral groove to the 6th anteroventral spine, rectangular, an effaced black color or starting dark on the claw sulcus and fading towards the apex of the femora ( Fig. 39 View FIGURE 39 B). Foretibiae with 10–13 posteroventral spines, usually 11, and 14–17 anteroventral spines, usually 15; tibial spur dark on its anterior surface, the last spine before it may be dark on the anterior surface ( Fig. 41 View FIGURE 41 B). Foretarsi with apical black spots on the anterior surface of the tarsomeres I to IV. Spot on the stigma circular, small sized, with an anterior white spot and a posterior brown spot. Costal area of the hindwings hyaline, discoidal and anal areas hyaline with yellow stripes on the crossveins ( Fig. 52 View FIGURE 52 B).
Genitalia. Base of the gonapophysis VIII projecting inwards ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 49 B); bv roughly triangular, apex tumid ( Fig. 49 View FIGURE 49 B), the inner surface sculpted ( Fig. 50 View FIGURE 50 B); ib sclerotized and sculpted ( Fig. 50 View FIGURE 50 B); pe short, sclerotized, with smooth margins ( Fig. 50 View FIGURE 50 B); gs sclerotized, smooth ( Fig. 51 View FIGURE 51 B); ls roughly rectangular, posterior process elongated, conical ( Fig. 51 View FIGURE 51 B).
Measurements. Body length: 68.9–91.3; head width: 8.6–10.8; prozona length: 5.7–7.5; metazona length: 23.3–32.3; prothorax width: 6.3–8.5; forecoxae length: 16.3–20.9; forefemora length: 19.2–25.1; forefemora width: 3.9–5.2; foretibiae length: 9.4–11.8.
Ratios. Head/prothoracic-width: 1.18–1.37; metazona/prozona: 3.55–4.36; metazona length/prothoracic width: 3.13–3.92; metazona/forecoxae: 1.31–1.55; forefemora length/width: 4.31–5.23.
Remarks. After Linnaeus (1758) described Stagmatoptera precaria it remained as the only known species of the genus for a long time. Due to this fact, we believe that several early researchers misidentified other species of Stagmatoptera as S. precaria . This resulted in erroneous geographical records outside the natural distribution of S. precaria . In their catalogue of the Neotropical Mantodea, Agudelo et al. (2007) summarized the data available in the literature and indicated the following distribution for S. precaria : Argentina, Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo), Colombia, French Guiana, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela. However, after our own examination of S. precaria specimens available in collections, we confirmed that its actual distribution is in Southern and Southeastern Brazil; only one specimen had locality in “Rio Tapajós” (Brazilian Amazon), but we consider this label data doubtful. We concluded that the assumed widespread distribution of this species reported in Agudelo et al. (2007) most likely resulted from multiple misidentifications in the historical literature.
Distribution. Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo).
Examined material. BRAZIL: Yersin, 1♀ ( MHNG) . 1903, Mme. Cerqueira, 1♂ (MNHN). v.1969, R. Pujol, 2♂ (MNHN). Minas, Abbé David Dedit, 1♀ (MNHN). Rio Tapajós , 1883, Parton, 1♀ ( MNHN) ; Espírito Santo—Coll. R. Ebner, 1♂ (NHMW). Linhares , 01.vii.1991, J.S. Santos, 1♀, 2037 ( MCTP) . Santa Teresa , iv.1964, C.T. Elias, 1♂ ( MZSP) ; Rio de Janeiro—Rivet rec., 1♀ (MNHN). Rivet rec., 1♂, (MNHN). Areal , iv.1986, M.V. Ferraz, 1♂, ( MZSP) . Montagne des Orgues, environs de la Tijuca, 500–1000m, 1902, E.R. Wagner, 1♀ ( MNHN) . Montagne des Orgues, environs de la Tijuca, 500–1000m, 1902, E.R. Wagner, 1♂ ( MNHN) . Sepitiba , 27- 30.iv.1957, M.A. D’Andretta, 1♂ ( MZSP) ; Rio Grande do Sul—Imbé , ii.1986, L. Balinski, 1♀, 1223 ( MCTP) . Osório , 1969, L. Famer leg., 1♂, 0 522 ( MCTP) . Porto Alegre , 27.iii.1967, M. Drummond, 1♂, 0 0 60 ( MCTP) . Porto Alegre , 02.x.1975, Silvana Luciano, 1♀, 0 389 ( MCTP) . Porto Alegre , 15.ix.1989, R.A. Ramos, 1♀, 1438 ( MCTP) . Sta. C. do Sul , 17.ix.1980, L. Jantsch leg., 1♂, 0 470 ( MCTP) . São Leopoldo , 10.iii.1965, Celio Valle col., 1♂ ( MZSP) . Taquara , 22.iii.1983, R.T. Lupetti leg., 1♀, 0 363 ( MCTP) . Viamão , 07.viii.1973, Y.L.B. de Oliveira leg., 1♀, 0 391 ( MCTP) ; Santa Catarina—H. Schulz., 2♀ (ZSM). H. Schulz., 1♂ (ZSM). Col. Hansa [Corupá], 1901, Ehrhardt leg., 1♂ (MZSP). Nova Teutônia , 27.iii.1967, leg. F. Plaumann, 1♀ ( MHNG) . Nova Teutônia , 01.iv.1967, leg. F. Plaumann, 1♂ ( MHNG) . Nova Teutônia , 13.iv.1967, leg. F. Plaumann, 1♂ ( MHNG) . Rio Vermelho , xi.1950, Dirings col., 1♀ ( MZSP) . [Colônia] Teresópolis, [Águas Mornas], Coll. Br. v. W., 1♂ (NHMW); São Paulo—Ibiúna , 3.v.1977, M.J. Coelho leg. 1♀ ( MZSP) . Ilhabela , 03-06.v.1962, Vanzolini col., 1♂ ( MZSP) . Piedade , 27.iii.2011, Rodrigues col., 1♀ ( MZSP) . Salesópolis , 850m, 13.iv.1966, Rabello col., 1♂ ( MZSP) . Bairro do Paúba , São Sebastião, 19.iv.1984, Brandão col., 1♂ ( MZSP) . WITHOUT LOCALITY; América do Sul, 2♀ (ZMB). 1♀ (MHNG). 1♀ (NHMW). 1♀ (ZSM). Yersin, 1♀ (MHNG).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Stagmatoptera precaria ( Linnaeus, 1758 )
| Rodrigues, Henrique Miranda & Cancello, Eliana Marques 2016 |
Stagmomantis precaria
| Brunner 1897 |
Stagmatoptera annulata
| Saussure 1871 |
Stagmatoptera precaria
| Saussure 1869 |
Stagmatoptera obsecraria
| Saussure 1869 |
Mantis praecaria
| Burmeister 1864 |
Mantis (Stagmatoptera) praecaria
| Burmeister 1838 |
Mantis annulata
| Stoll 1813 |
Mantis obsecraria
| Lichtenstein 1802 |
Mantis ocellata
| Olivier 1792 |
Mantis cubitata
| Goeze 1778 |
Mantis octosetosa
| Goeze 1778 |
Mantis precaria
| Linnaeus 1767 |
Gryllus (Mantis) precarius
| Linnaeus 1758 |