Bergemann, Karstedt & Capelari & Baroni & Largent & Bergemann, 2019

Karstedt, Fernanda, Capelari, Marina, Baroni, Timothy J., Largent, David L. & Bergemann, Sarah E., 2019, Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of species of the Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) with cuboid basidiospores, Phytotaxa 391 (1), pp. 1-27 : 20-21

Entoloma subgenus Cubospora Karstedt, Capelari , Largent, T. J. Baroni & Bergemann , subgen. nov. (MB 822179)

Etymology:—‘cubospora’ referring to the basidiospores that are cuboid in shape.

Type species:— Entoloma luteolamellatum (Largent & Aime) Blanco-Dios, Tarrelos 17: 35. 2015. [≡ Trichopilus luteolamellatus Largent & Aime, Mycologia 102: 644. 2010.]

Description:— Basidiomata mycenoid, collybioid or tricholomatoid. Pileus conic, convex or plano-convex, often umbonate or papillate, surface glabrous, appressed-fibrillose to squamulose, hygrophanous or not. Pileus context thin or thick. Lamellae adnexed or adnexed-sinuate, often ventricose, narrow, subdistant or distant. Stipe cylindric, longitudinally striate and slightly grooved (sulcate or furrowed), slightly fibrillose, fibrous, hollow, often with basal mycelium, whitish. Basidiospores cuboid, prominent angles absent or present, sometimes star-like. Basidia clavate, hyaline, thin-walled. Cheilocystidia often present, abundant and covering the entire margin of the lamella, cylindrical, cylindric-clavate or clavate. Pleurocystidia absent, or when present resembling pseudocystidia. Pseudocystidia absent or present. Lamella trama composed of subparallel hyphae. Pileus trama composed of radially entangled hyphae. Pileipellis a trichoderm, or a trichoderm in transition to a cutis or a cutis, with tangled and prostrate hyphae. Stipitipellis a cutis with or without caulocystidia. Clamp connections present. Refractive hyphae often present, rarely absent, mostly with clear or colored lipoidal bodies in hyphae of trama/context.

Distribution:— AUSTRALIA. Entoloma procerum Stevenson (1962: 233 , Co-David et al. 2009), Inocephalus virescens ( Saccardo 1887: 714 Largent & Abell-Davis (2011: 232), I. plicatus Largent (in Largent et al. 2013: 304), BELIZE. (T.J. Baroni, pers. comm.), BRAZIL. I. cervinus Karstedt & Capelari (2013: 284) , I. tenuis Karstedt & Capelari (2013: 297) , I. dennisii Horak (1976: 183) Karstedt & Capelari (2013: 289) , Nolanea caribaea Pegler (1983: 334) , CHINA. E. luteum Peck (1902: 146 , He et al. 2012a), E. murrayi ( Berkeley & Curtis 1859: 289) Saccardo (in Saccardo & Sydow 1899: 127, He et al. 2012a), E. petchii Horak (1980: 129 , He et al. 2012a), DOMINIQUE and GUADELOUPE. Nolanea caribaea Pegler(1983:334) , INDIA. E.albidoquadratum Manim. &Noordel. in Manimohan et al. (2006: 55, Co-David et al. 2009), FRENCH GUYANA. Trichopilus luteolamellatus Largent & Aime (in Aime et al. 2010), I. virescens (Baroni et al. 2011) , MARTINIQUE. Nolanea caribaea ( Pegler 1983) , NEW ZEALAND. E. procerum Stevenson (1962: 233 , Horak 2008), PAPUA NEW GUINEA. E. albogracile Horak (1976: 180) , PUERTO RICO. I. dennisii , R. aff. lactifluus Heim (1936: 251) , REUNION. E. borbonicum Noordeloos & Hausknecht (2007: 114) , E. virescens ( Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2007) , RUSSIA. E. quadratum ( Berkeley & Curtis 1859: 290) Horak (1976: 190 , Noordeloos & Morozova 2010), UNITED STATES. E. luteum , E. murrayi , E. quadratum ( Hesler 1967) and VIETNAM. E. carneum Z.S. Bi (in Bi et al. 1986: 162, Morozova et al. 2012), E. pallidoflavum (Henn. & E. Nyman in Hennings 1900: 18) Horak (1976: 178, Morozova et al. 2012).

Distinctive characters:—Mycenoid, collybioid or tricholomatoid habit, cuboid basidiospores, often with cylindrical-clavate or clavate cheilocystidia, and pileipellis as a trichoderm, or a trichoderm in transition to a cutis or a cutis.

Comments:— Noordeloos & Gates (2012) suggest that / Inocephalus clade in the strict sense could include those species with cuboid basidiospores and applying the name Inocephalus for the group of species with cuboid basidiospores was considered. However, the type species of the genus/subgenus Inocephalus is Entoloma inocephalum ( Romagnesi 1941: 151) Dennis (1953: 160) , a species with pentagonal basidiospores. So clearly the name Inocephalus should not be used for species with cuboid basidiospores.

Entoloma subgenus Cubospora includes species previously classified in Entoloma s.l., Nolanea ( Nolanea caribaea ), Trichopilus ( Trichopilus luteolamellatus ) and Inocephalus [species originally classified in Rhodophyllus subgenus Inopilus sections Psittacini Romagn. ( Entoloma virescens , Rhodophyllus lactifluus ) and Laeti ( Entoloma pallidoflavum ) ( Romagnesi 1941, Romagnesi & Gilles 1979)]. Each of the type species of Inocephalus , Leptonia , Nolanea and Trichopilus can be differentiated from species of Cubospora by their basidiospores which have 5–6 angles ( Romagnesi 1974, Morozova et al. 2012), 5–7 angles ( Noordeloos 1992), 5–7 angles ( Noordeloos 1992) and 6–9 angles ( Romagnesi & Gilles 1979), respectively.

Entoloma subgenus Cubospora differs from E. subgenus Cuboeccilia by having a mycenoid or tricholomatoid habit instead of omphalinoid. In both subgenera one can find species with a collybioid habit, but they can be easily distinguished as subgenus Cuboeccilia has fusoid pleurocystidia. Fusoidal elements are not completely absent in Cubospora , but, when present, they are pseudocystidia and not lepto-pleurocystidia as in Cuboeccilia .