Trachysalambria starobogatovi ( Ivanov & Hassan, 1976 )

Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis & Chu, Ka Hou, 2016, On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species, Zootaxa 4150 (3), pp. 201-254 : 243-251

Trachysalambria starobogatovi ( Ivanov & Hassan, 1976)

( Figs. 17 , 18 , 20 F)

Trachypenaeus starobogatovi Ivanov & Hassan, 1976: 1300 , figs. 2, 3a [type-locality: Mozambique]. Trachysalambria starobogatovi .— De Grave & Fransen, 2011: 228.

Material examined. Mozambique. “ Van Gogh ”, stn 401, 19°03’S, 36°29’ E, 25 m, 27.05.1966, male holotype cl 14.2 mm (ZIN-1/62559).

South Africa. Natal, FISKOR Prawn Survey : stn K234, off Tugela River, 25–38 m, 0 7.07.1964, 1 female cl 18.7 mm (SAM-A 16313); stn K265, 0 3.08.1964, 2 males cl 10.5 and 11.3 mm (SAM-A 16311); stn K388 , Santa Lucia Bay, 18 m, 0 9.02.1965, 9 males cl 10.4–14.4 mm, 12 females cl 11.0– 23.2 mm (SAM-A 16314); stn K468 , Santa Lucia Bay, 31 m, 14.06.1965, 2 males cl 11.5 and 12.0 mm (SAM-A 16312); stn K470, 14.06.1065, 1 male cl 11.5 mm (SAM-A 13235) . Tugela River mouth, 29°22.36’S, 31°49.92’ E, 20 m, 28.05.2006, 1 female cl 16.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6967 ), 1 female cl 17.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6966 ).

Madagascar. CREVETTIERE 1973, stn CH 72, 25°09’S, 47°14.2’E, 80–85 m, 0 3.03.1973, 1 female cl 23.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6964 ) . Antongil Bay , 15°38.8’S, 49°42.4’E, 20 m, 0 2.04.1973, 1 female cl 16.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6965 ) . ATIMO VATAE: stn CP 3548, 25°17.0’S, 46°34.1’ E, 63–66 m, 0 4.05.2010, 1 female cl 24.7 mm (MNHN IU-2014-12063), 1 female cl 17.2 mm (MNHN IU-2014-12064); stn CP 3549, 25°16.9’S, 46°31.3’ E, 53–54 m, 0 4.05.2010, 1 male cl 10.7 mm, 2 females cl 14.3 and 15.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2010-2761), 1 female cl 24.7 mm (MNHN IU-2014-12065); stn TP 19, 25°04.4’S, 46°55.3’ E, 19–26 m, 12.05.2010, 1 male cl 14.4 mm (MNHN IU-2014-8774).

Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 7–10 (usually 8, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along dorsal border; distinctly curved upwards and with tip slightly recurved downwards in females, ventral border markedly convex but ventral margin of tip concave, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a concave configuration; in males rostrum rather horizontal straight and tip slightly recurved downwards, ventral border convex but ventral margin of tip concave, tips of rostral teeth more or less aligned in a straight line; extending to about tip of second segment of antennular peduncle; postrostral carina low and extending to about middle of carapace. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I generally bearing small ischial spine. Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not medially expanded. Pereiopod V reaching middle to nearly tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with low dorsal carinae on somites II to VI; that on somite II short but obvious; dorsal carina only present on posterior 2/3 of somite III; carinae on somites IV and V posteriorly incised, not terminating in spines. Telson with dorsolateral carinae heavily ridged but blunt, bearing 3 pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft.

Coloration. Body generally pinkish brown all over. Eyes blackish brown. Antennular flagella pinkish brown and antennal flagella whitish. Pereiopods pale pink to pale white, with some yellowish patches. Pleopods orangish brown. Uropods reddish brown except basal 1/4 pinkish brown, outer and distal margins of exopods and inner and distal margins of endopod whitish.

Distribution. Southwestern Indian Ocean. Known with certainty from Mozambique, Madagascar and eastern coast of South Africa; at depths of 18– 85 m.

Remarks. Trachysalambria starobogatovi is very poorly known and often overlooked in literature (e.g., Pèrez Farfante & Kensley 1999). Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) followed the original description of T. starobogatovi by Ivanov & Hassan (1976) in treating this species as having epipods only on pereiopods I and III. Re-examination of the holotype of T. starobogatovi reveals that there are actually epipods on the anterior three pereiopods in this species ( Fig. 18 ) and therefore it belongs to the “ Trachysalambria curvirostris ” group. The shape of the genitalia and the posterior incisions of the abdominal dorsal carinae used by Ivanov & Hassan (1976) to separate T. starobogatovi from T. curvirostris are not useful. The petasma and thelycum of T. starobogatovi are both of the general shape of the genus ( Fig. 17 F–J). The posterior incisions on the dorsal carinae of the abdominal somites IV and V in T. starobogatovi are actually not different from congeners that lack posterior spines on these two somites ( Fig. 17 C, D). Nevertheless, T. starobogatovi is unique in the genus by having a short postrostral carina and weak abdominal dorsal carinae ( Fig. 17 D), as well as the tip of rostrum recurved downwards ( Fig. 17 A, B). The short postrostral carina and weak abdominal dorsal carinae of T. starobogatovi aligns it with T. albicoma . The latter species, however, has the rostrum more horizontal and with the tip not recurved downwards in both sexes ( Fig. 16 A, B). In T. albicoma the carinae on the abdomen and telson are even weaker ( Fig. 16 C, H) and with the dorsal carina on the abdominal somite II often indistinct. Moreover, the abdomen is nearly naked in T. albicoma but pubescent in T. starobogatovi . Other than with large genetic divergence (>7% in 12S and 16S rRNA genes, Tables 2, 3), the coloration of these two species is also different. Although both species have white antennal flagella and white margined uropods, the body of T. starobogatovi is generally pinkish including the rostrum ( Fig. 20 F), while T. albicoma is generally greyish with the tip of rostrum pale white ( Fig. 20 E).

Trachysalambria crosnieri sp. nov.

Trachysalambria brevisuturae

Rimapenaeus similis

1.0 Trachysalambria malaiana (Indonesia)

1.0 1.0 Trachysalambria malaiana (Philippines)

0.99 Megokris pescadoreenis

Trachypenaeus anchoralis

1.0 1.0 Trachysalambria palaestinensis (Israel 1)

Trachysalambria palaestinensis (Israel 2)

0.90 Trachysalambria starobogatovi (Madagascar 1)

1.0 Trachysalambria starobogatovi (Madagascar 2)

Trachysalambria starobogatovi (Madagascar 3)

Trachysalambria starobogatovi (South Africa)

1.0 Trachysalambria aspera (Madagascar 1)

Trachysalambria aspera (Seychelles)

Trachysalambria aspera (Indonesia)

1.0 Trachysalambria aspera (Taiwan 1)

1.0 0.98 Trachysalambria aspera (New Caledonia)

Trachysalambria aspera (Taiwan 2)

Trachysalambria aspera (Philippines)

Trachysalambria aspera (Madagascar 2)

Trachysalambria aspera (Madagascar 3)

0.98 0.73 Trachysalambria parvispina sp. nov. (Indonesia)

1.0 Trachysalambria parvispina sp. nov. (Seychelles)

Trachysalambria parvispina sp. nov. (Fiji)

1.0 Trachysalambria dentata sp. nov. (Philippines 1)

0.91 Trachysalambria dentata sp. nov. (Philippines 3)

1.0 0.97 Trachysalambria dentata sp. nov. (Philippines 2)

Trachysalambria dentata sp. nov. (Taiwan)

0.97 Trachysalambria nanesi (Taiwan 2)

0.57 Trachysalambria nanesi (Taiwan 1)

1.0 Trachysalambria nanesi (Philippines)

Trachysalambria nanesi (Japan)

0.98 Trachysalambria nanesi (Australia)

0.99 1.0 Trachysalambria longipes (Seychelles)

Trachysalambria longipes (Fiji)

Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 1)

Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 2, pink)

0.55 Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 3, grey)

0.99 Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 5, grey)

Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 6)

1.0 Trachysalambria curvirostris (Taiwan 4, pink)

1.0 Trachysalambria curvirostris (Japan)

1.0 Trachysalambria albicoma (Japan)

Trachysalambria albicoma (Taiwan) Metapenaeus ensis

0.06

malaiana , T. nan: T. nanesi , T. pal: T. palaestinensis , T. par: T. parvispina sp. nov., T. sta: T. starobogatovi, Meg : Megokris pescadoreenis, Met : Metapenaeus ensis, Rem : Remipenaeus similis, Tra : Trachypenaeus anchoralis .

T. alb (2) T. asp (9) T. bre T. cro T. cur (7) T. đen (4) T. lon (2) T. mal (2) T. nan (5) T. pal (2) T. par (3) T. sta (4) Meg Met Rem

alb (2) 0.0 0 8

asp (9) 0.126-0.136 0.000-0.020

bre 0.161-0.165 0.165-0.169 Nil

cro 0.211-0.217 0.226-0.228 0.220 Nil

cur (7) 0.065-0.087 0.112-0.128 0.146-0.152 0.211-0.213 0.000-0.016

đen (4) 0.112-0.118 0.085-0.098 0.159-0.161 0.226-0.234 0.091-0.104 0.000-0.010

lon (2) 0.122-0.130 0.102-0.114 0.150-0.152 0.226-0.230 0.116-0.120 0.100-0.104 0.006

mal (2) 0.110-0.120 0.122-0.130 0.144-0.146 0.217 0.110-0.114 0.116-0.124 0.128-0.132 0.002

nan (5) 0.112-0.118 0.089-0.102 0.148-0.161 0.234-0.236 0.110-0.118 0.071-0.077 0.098-0.112 0.120-0.128 0.000-0.026

pal (2) 0.120 0.132-0.136 0.179 0.244 0.126-0.128 0.112-0.118 0.140-0.142 0.122-0.124 0.126-0.130 0.000

par (3) 0.132-0.138 0.110-0.114 0.152 0.244-0.246 0.114-0.120 0.041-0.045 0.106-0.110 0.124-0.128 0.075-0.089 0.132-0.134 0.000-0.002

sta (4) 0.100-0.108 0.132-0.136 0.169-0.171 0.246-0.248 0.102-0.112 0.112-0.114 0.132-0.138 0.140-0.144 0.122-0.128 0.124 0.134-0.136 0.000-0.004 0.116-0.120 0.124-0.130 0.142 0.215 0.116-0.118 0.112-0.120 0.128-0.130 0.049-0.051 0.124-0.128 0.136 0.134-0.136 0.136-0.138 Nil 0.173-0.175 0.157-0.161 0.175 0.167 0.159 0.159-0.165 0.161-0.165 0.169 0.165-0.167 0.187 0.177 0.197-0.199 0.173 Nil

0.128-0.132 0.140-0.148 0.148 0.203 0.122 0.134-0.142 0.128-0.130 0.104 0.152-0.157 0.136 0.150-0.152 0.150 0.108 0.167 Nil 0.124-0.132 0.126-0.132 0.154 0.222 0.120-0.122 0.124-0.132 0.136-0.142 0.051-0.053 0.136-0.142 0.136 0.144-0.146 0.146-0.148 0.039 0.171 0.120 TABLE ³. Uncorrecteđ pairwise genetic đistance (p-đistance) baseđ on the mitochonđrial 16S rRNA gene (467 bp) in Trachysalambria species anđ outgroups. Numbers in parentheses refers to number inđiviđuals sequenceđ. T. alb: Trachysalambria albicoma , T. asp: T. aspera , T. bre: T. brevisuturae , T. cro: T. crosnieri sp. nov., T. cur: T. curvirostris , T. đen: T. dentata sp. nov., T. lon: T. longipes , T.: T. malaiana , T. nan: T. nanesi , T. pal: T. palaestinensis , T. par: T. parvispina sp. nov., T. sta: T. starobogatovi, Meg : Megokris pescadoreenis, Met : Metapenaeus ensis, Rem : Remipenaeus similis ,: Trachypenaeus anchoralis .

Trachysalambria starobogatovi is also rather similar to T. palaestinensis but with the abdominal and telson carinae less developed or less sharp ( Fig. 17 K, L). Furthermore, the rostrum is generally less curved and with the tip not recurved downwards in T. palaestinensis . The rostrum having a recurved downward tip in T. starobogatovi ( Fig. 17 A, B) is somewhat similar to the rostrum of T. nansei ( Fig. 10 A, C–G). Nevertheless, the rostrum is not distinctly S-shaped in T. starobogatovi and there are many differences between these two species (e.g., height of abdominal carinae, length of postrostral carina and pereiopod V, etc.). On the other hand, material of the highly variable species, T. aspera , from the western Indian Ocean often has lower abdominal carinae and with the postrostral carina failed to extend to posterior carapace. Although these T. aspera specimens closely resemble T. starobogatovi , they can still be distinguished from the present species by the tip of rostrum not curving downwards ( Fig. 12 A, B, D, E) and having a longer pereiopod V (extending to tip of scaphocerite vs. failed to reach tip of scaphocerite). Genetic analysis confirms that T. starobogatovi is distinct from the other species of the genus (?10% sequence divergence in 12S rRNA gene, Table 2).

At present, T. starobogatovi is only confirmed to occur in the southwestern Indian Ocean from the eastern coast of South Africa to Mozambique and Madagascar. Although previous reports of “ T. curvirostris ” from these areas (e.g., Champion 1973; Kensley 1971; de Freitas 1987) likely represent T. starobogatovi , they do not contain enough information for confirmation. For example, the Mozambique material reported by de Freitas (1987) is clearly not T. curvirostris in having a short postrostral carina and white antennal flagella. However, it cannot be further determined if de Freitas’ (1987) material belongs to T. starobogatovi or T. aspera .

Figures

FIGURE 10. Trachysalambria nansei Sakaji & Hayashi, 2003: A, B, female cl 20.0 mm, Tosa Bay, Japan, (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6999); C, male cl 13.6 mm, Tosa Bay, Japan (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7139); D, female cl 19.3 mm, Australia, SO 682, stn 128 (MHNH IU- 2014 - 7020); E, female cl 19.0 mm, Tosa Bay, Japan (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7000); F, female cl 16.0 mm, Tosa Bay, Japan (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7000); G, female cl 16.0 mm, Australia, “ Soela ”, stn 130 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7019). A, cephalothorax, lateral view; B, carapace, dorsal view; C – G, rostrum, lateral view.

FIGURE 12. Trachysalambria aspera (Alcock, 1905): A, F, female cl 25.4 mm, Seychelles, REVES II, stn CH 42 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6985); B, C, G, female cl 23.0 mm, Indonesia, ANAMBAS, stn EA-TT- 06 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6968); D, male cl 14.8 mm, Seychelles, REVES II, stn CH 68 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6987); E, male cl 17.5 mm, Persian Gulf, “ Akademik ”, stn PG- 13 Ku (SMF 29480). A, B, cephalothorax, lateral view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, E, rostrum, lateral view; F, dorsal part of abdominal somites II to VI, lateral view; G, dorsal part of abdominal somites I to VI, lateral view.

FIGURE 16. Trachysalambria albicoma (Hayashi & Toriyama, 1980), Kochi Prefecture, Japan: A, C, G, H, female cl 24.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7040); B, D – F, male cl 14.6 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 7039). A, cephalothorax, lateral view; B, rostrum, lateral view; C, dorsal part of abdominal somites II to VI, lateral view; D – F, petasma, ventral, dorsal and upper views, respectively; G, thelycum, ventral view; H, telson, dorsal view.

FIGURE 17. Trachysalambria starobogatovi (Ivanov & Hassan, 1976), Natal, South Africa: A, D, F, K, L, FISKOR Prawn Survey, stn K 234, female cl 18.7 mm (SAM-A 16313); B, H – J, FISKOR Prawn Survey, stn K 468, male cl 12.0 mm (SAM-A 16312); C, FISKOR Prawn Survey, stn K 388, female cl 16.1 mm (SAM-A 16314); E, FISKOR Prawn Survey, stn K 388, female cl 22.4 mm (SAM-A 16314); G, FISKOR Prawn Survey, stn K 388, male cl 14.3 mm (SAM-A 16314). A, cephalothorax, lateral view; B, rostrum, lateral view; C, dorsal part of abdominal somites IV to VI, lateral view; D, dorsal part of abdominal somites II to VI, lateral view; E, dorsal carina of abdominal somite II, dorsal view; F, thelycum, ventral view; G, petasma, ventral view; H – J, petasma, ventral, dorsal and upper views, respectively; K. telson, dorsal view; L, telson, cross cut view.

FIGURE 18. Trachysalambria starobogatovi (Ivanov & Hassan, 1976), Natal, South Africa: A – C, FISKOR Prawn Survey, stn K 234, female cl 18.7 mm (SAM-A 16313); D, FISKOR Prawn Survey, stn K 468, male cl 12.0 mm (SAM-A 16312); E – G, FISKOR Prawn Survey, stn K 388, female cl 23.2 mm (SAM-A 16314). A, E, epipod of right pereiopod III; B, F, epipod of right pereiopod II; C, G, epipod of right pereiopod I; D, epipod of left pereiopod III.

FIGURE 20. A, Trachysalambria aspera (Alcock, 1905), Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County, Taiwan, male cl 18.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6971); B, T. aspera, Madagascar, ATIMO VATAE, stn CP 3570, male cl 17.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 8772); C, T. curvirostris (Stimpson, 1860), Magong fishing port, Penghu County, Taiwan, female cl 23.3 mm (NTOU M 02020); D, T. curvirostris, Dasi fishing port, Yilan County, Taiwan, female cl 25.9 mm (NTOU M 01952); E, T. albicoma (Hayashi & Toriyama, 1980), Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County, Taiwan, female cl 18.2 mm (NTOU M 02008); F, T. starobogatovi (Ivanov & Hassan, 1976), ATIMO VATAE, stn TP 19, male cl 14.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 8774).