Perichares fura Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, Insecta Mundi 2023 (26), pp. 1-115 : 86-87

Perichares fura Grishin , new species

https://zoobank.org/ 2FD4A73B-7AC8-4B32-BC27-CB0F8F5FE674

( Fig. 8 part, 215–216, 456–458)

Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that specimens from Ecuador identified as Perichares furcata (Mabille, 1891) (type locality in Brazil: São Paulo) are not monophyletic with it and show prominent genetic differentiation from it ( Fig. 8): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 6.7% (44 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species is a distant sister to Perichares lotus (A. Butler, 1870) (type locality in Venezuela), differing from it by 4.9% (32 bp) in COI barcode, but has remarkably different ventral wing pattern, being nearly identical to Perichares furcata instead. This new species keys to “ Alera furcata ” (K.32.3) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by a brown spot in the humeral area of ventral hindwing that is missing in P.furcata and a more diffuse boundary between the darker discal forewing area and paler apex, particularly towards costa that is rather sharp in P. furcata . Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly525.25.7:G450T, aly15656.2.3:G461A, aly275209.10.4:C66G, aly173.49.2:C33T, aly2012.16.4:T135A, and COI barcode: T55A, T241C, T250C, T394C, T484C.

Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18014F08, GenBank OR837721, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGAACATCTCTAAGATTATTAATTCGTACTGAATTAGGAAATCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTTACTGCCCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCCATTATAATTGGAGGATTCGGAAATT GACTTGTCCCTCTTATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGCATAAATAACATAAGATTTTGAATATTACCCCCATCATTAACTCTTTTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATCGTTGAAAACGGTGCTGGAACTGGATGAACAGTTTACCCCCCACTTTCATCTAATATTGCCCATCAAGGATCTTCAGTTGATTTA GCAATCTTTTCCCTTCATTTAGCAGGAATTTCCTCTATTCTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTATAAATTTATCCT TTGACCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGATCAGTAGGTATTACAGCCTTATTATTACTACTATCTTTACCAGTATTAGCAGGAGCTATTACAATACTTCT TACAGATCGAAATTTAAATACCTCATTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT

Type material. Holotype: ♀ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA ( USNM), illustrated in Fig. 215–216, bears the following five rectangular labels, four white: [Alluriquin 700 m | PICHINCHA ECUADOR | 14 Sept. ’76 | S. S. Nicolay], [ Perichares | lotus ♀ | Det. Btlr. | S.S. Nicolay], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18014F08 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01450684], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♀ | Perichares | fura Grishin ] . Paratype: 1♀ NVG-18014F07, USNMENT_01450683 Ecuador: Pichincha, 10 mi E of Santo Domingo de los Colovados, Tinalandia Grounds/Trails, 16–21-Apr-1984, Brian Harris leg. [ USNM].

Type locality. Ecuador: Pichincha, Alluriquin, elevation 700 m.

Etymology. The name reflects a strong superficial similarity to Perichares furcata (Mabille, 1891) but does not reflect a close relationship. The name is a non-Latinized noun in apposition.

Distribution. Currently known only from Pichincha Province, Ecuador.