Soyedina vallicularia (Wu)

Grubbs, Scott A., 2006, Soyedina Alexandria And S. Calcarea (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), New Stonefly Species From The Eastern Nearctic Region And Notes On The Life Cycle Of S. Calcarea., Illiesia 2 (6), pp. 39-49 : 40-43

Soyedina vallicularia (Wu)

( Figs. 1–27 )

Nemoura vallicularia Wu, 1923:58 . Type locality: Ithaca, NY. Holotype (Cornell University).

Nemoura vallicularia: Needham & Claassen, 1925:215 .

Nemoura (Soyedina) vallicularia: Ricker, 1952:53 .

Soyedina vallicularia: Illies, 1966:248 .

Soyedina vallicularia: Zwick, 1973:357 .

Material examined. Paratype ♂ and ♀, U.S.A., New York: Tompkins Co., Ithaca, April 1922, no collector indicated ( INHS); Canada, Ontario: Grey Co. , spring, Inglish Falls , Owen Sound , 4 May 1986, B. J. Sinclair and S. A. Marshall , 1♂, 1♀ ( BYU); Wentworth Co., spring, Webster Falls, Dundas , 12 April 1986, B. J. Sinclair , 2♂, 2♀ ( BYU); Quebec: tributary of Riviere Jean Larose, Mont Sainte Anne Park , 9 June 1997, C. R. Nelson, R. W. Baumann and B. C. Kondratieff , 2♂ ( BYU). USA, Illinois: Vermillion Co., seep, Forest Glen County Forest Preserve, 15 April 1996, B. C. Kondratieff, B. O. Huntsman and R. W. Baumann , 2♂, 7♀ ( BYU); Forest Glen County Forest Preserve, 21–27 April 1977, D.W. Webb , 3♂, 5♀ ( INHS); same but 3 March 2001, R.E. DeWalt , 6♂, 1♀, 7 nymphs ( INHS); Indiana: Crawford Co., tributary to Otter Creek, Yellow Birches Ravine Nature Preserve , 25 March 2003, S.A. Grubbs , 1♂, 3♀ ( WKU); Montgomery Co., Shades State Park , 16 March 1958, H.H. Ross and C.O. Mohr , 3♂, 5♀ ( INHS); Orange Co., spring into Youngs Creek , 20 February 2006, S.A. Grubbs , 2♂, ( WKU); Parke Co., seep, Turkey Run State Park , 23 March 1975, R. W. Baumann and O. S. Flint , 11♂, 11♀ ( BYU); Vermillion Co., seep into unnamed tributary to Little Vermillion River , 12 March 2005, S.A. Grubbs and R.E. DeWalt , 2♂ ( WKU); Iowa: Dubuque Co., seep into Middle Fork Maquoketa River , 4 April 2004 (reared), D.P. Heimdal , 1♂ ( UI); Kentucky: Adair Co., spring into unnamed tributary to Sulphur Creek , 10 March 2001, S.A. Grubbs and D.E. King , 4♂, 7♀ ( WKU); Spout Spring Branch, Green River , 10 March 2001, S.A. Grubbs and D.E. King , 7♂, 10♀ ( WKU); Allen Co., tributary to Garrett Creek , 3 March 2001, S.A. Grubbs and D.E. King , 5♂, 3♀ ( WKU); Barren Co., spring into Skaggs Creek, Brigadoon State Nature Preserve , 17 February 2001, S.A. Grubbs , 8♂, 8♀ ( WKU); Breathitt Co., Upper Clemons Fork , 21 February 2004, S.A. Grubbs , 3♂, 5♀ ( WKU); Green Co., spring into Little Brush Creek , 13–24 March 2001, S.A. Grubbs and C. Boswell , 2♂, 5♀ (reared) ( WKU); Harlan Co., tributary to Brownies Creek, 21 March 2002, Shillalah Creek Wildlife Management Area , S.A. Grubbs , 1♂, 1♀ ( WKU); Hart Co., spring into Lynn Camp Creek , 23 March 2004, S.A. Grubbs , 1♂, 5♀ ( WKU); McCreary Co., spring into South Fork Cumberland River, Big South Fork Recreation Area , 18 March 2001, S.A. Grubbs and D.E. King , 1♂, 1♀ ( WKU); Rockcastle Co., (sic), Disputanta (sic), 21–27 March 1964, J.M. Campbell , 2♂ ( INHS); Maryland: Allegany Co., tributary to Sideling Hill Creek ,

Sideling Hill Creek , Green Ridge State Forest, 17 March 1996, S.A. Grubbs, 2♂ ( WKU) ; tributaries to Fifteenmile Creek , Green Ridge State Forest, 17 March 1996, S.A. Grubbs, 5♂, 3♀ ( WKU) ; tributaries to Black Sulphur Run , Green Ridge State Forest, 7 March 1997, S.A. Grubbs, 8♂, 6♀ ( WKU) ; tributary to Maple Run , Green Ridge State Forest, 7 March 1997, S.A. Grubbs, 1♂, ( WKU) ; tributary to Purslane Run , Green Ridge State Forest, 7 March 1997, S.A. Grubbs, 1♂, ( WKU) ; tributary to Trading Run , Green Ridge State Forest, 7 March 1997, S.A. Grubbs, 4♂, 2♀ ( WKU) ; Massachusetts : Berkshire Co., brooklet, October Mountain State Forest, 27 April 1991, R.W. Baumann and M. F. Whiting, 1♂, 1♀ ( BYU) ; Franklin Co., Sunderland Reservoir , Sunderland, 9 May 1964, C. H. Nelson, 1♂, 3♀ ( BYU) ; Worcester Co., Shaw Brook , Leicester, 22 April 1969, L. M. Potter, 1♂, 3♀ ( BYU) ; Michigan : Benzie Co., Platte River, 10 May 1940, T.H. Frison and H.H.Ross, 1♂ ( INHS) ; Mason Co., Big South Branch Pere Marquette River , Manistee National Forest, 26 May 1998, S.A. Grubbs and D.E. King, 2♂ ( WKU) ; Montmorency Co., Hunt Creek , 14 April 1939, J.W. Leonard, 1♂ ( INHS) ; New Hampshire : Grafton Co., Lebanon, 22 April 1973, R. Grey, 1♂, 1♀ ( BYU) ; New York : Cortland Co., Kenney Brook , north of Truxton, 6 May 1991, R. W. Baumann and S. A. Wells, 5♂, 11♀ ( BYU) ; Hamilton Co., Alder Brook , east of Hoffmeister, 4 June 1997, R. W. Baumann and B. C. Kondratieff, 1♂ ( BYU) ; Tompkins Co., Ithaca , April (no year indicated), no collector indicated, 1♂ ( INHS) ; Ohio : Ashland Co., seep to Hog Hollow Clear Fork Mohican River, 12 March 1990, R.F. Kirchner and R.W. Baumann, 2♂ ( RFK) ; seep joining Hog Hollow Creek , Mohican State Park, 13 March 1990, R. W. Baumann and R. F. Kirchner, 2♂, 2♀ ( BYU) ; Pennsylvania : Beaver Co., spring into Traverse Creek , Raccoon Creek State Park, 9–24 April 1999, S.A. Grubbs, 3♂, 5♀ ( WKU) ; spring joining Traverse Creek , Raccoon Creek State Park, 20 March 1975, R. W. Baumann and O. S. Flint Jr., 10♂, 10♀ ( BYU) ; stream below Frankfort Mineral Springs , Hwy 18, 20 March 1975, R. W. Baumann and O. S. Flint Jr., 1♂ ( BYU) ; Blair Co., Brush Mountain , 14 March 1987, S. Bonta, 1♂, 3♀ ( BYU) ; Erie Co., tributary of Conneaut Creek , 13 April 1980, B. Travis, 1♂, 1♀ ( BYU) ; Butler Co., spring into unnamed tributary to Connoquenessing Creek , 20 April 1999, S.A. Grubbs, 1♂, 5♀ ( WKU) ; Venango Co., seep, Drake Well State Park , Titusville, 21 April 1979, R. W. Baumann and E. C. Masteller, 1♂, 2♀ ( BYU) ; Warren Co., Hemlock Creek , 22 April 1979, R. W. Baumann and O. S. Flint Jr., 1♂ ( BYU) ; seep, Kinzua Dam , 22 April 1979, R. W. Baumann and O. S. Flint, 9♂, 10♀ ( BYU) ; Tennessee : Cannon Co., spring into East Fork Stones River, 7 March 2004, S.A. Grubbs, 2♂, 3♀ ( WKU) ; Virginia : Wythe Co., East Fork of Stony Fork Reed Creek, 24 February 1976, R.F. Kirchner, 2♂ ( RFK) ; West Virginia : Logan Co., Frogtown Hollow of Copperas Mine Fork, 11 March 1975, R.F. Kirchner, 2♂ ( RFK) .

Male. Forewing length 7.0–7.5 mm; body length 6.0– 6.5 mm. General body color dark brown; legs dark brown. Wings fumose with darker area near cord; venation typical for genus with veins A1 and A2 united near margin. Gills absent. Seventh abdominal tergum distinctly upturned distally into a slightly, but broadly, incised bilobed process. Eighth abdominal tergum also distally upturned, but as a low convex ridge lower in profile than the seventh tergum. Cerci small, membranous, single‐ segmented. Hypoproct well‐ developed, with broad base covering most of ninth abdominal sternum and apex narrowing to a pointed, lightly‐ sclerotized tip. Epiproct moderately short; apex width subequal to basal width, typical bilateral asymmetry with right half noticeably longer; ventral sclerites long and narrow, covered with spines on outer margins throughout length ( Figs. 1, 4, 7 , 10, 13, 16 , 19, 22, 25 ); dorsal sclerite lightly sclerotized and densely covered by tooth‐ like scales throughout length, ending in broadly‐ rounded, separated tips, open throughout apical half, revealing darkly‐ sclerotized inner structure which terminates as blunt hook‐ like structures with subterminal bolt‐ like knobs; lateral sclerite long and thin, extending near epiproct base for approximately 4/5 of dorsal sclerite length; basal sclerite broadly triangular in shape. Paraproct with two lobes; inner lobes small, narrow, and lightly sclerotized; outer lobes enlarged, darkly sclerotized, broadest at base, narrowed markedly at midlength to slightly concave or convex apical portion, inner and outer shoulders rounded, with outer shoulder raised slightly above inner shoulder ( Figs. 2–3, 5–6, 8–9 , 11– 12, 14–15, 17–18 , 20–21, 23–24, 26–27 ).

Female. Forewing length 7.5–9.0 mm; body length 6.0–8.0 mm. Body, leg, and wing coloration similar to

male. Subgenital plate well‐ developed; base broad, extending from posterior of seventh sternum entirely over eighth sternum and approximately ¼ over ninth sternum; apical portion darker than basal portion and ending in broadly‐ round tip.

Remarks. Morphological features of S. vallicularia have been provided by numerous authors, namely Wu (1923), Needham & Claassen (1925), and Hitchcock (1974). The apical portion of the outer paraproct lobe of S. vallicularia narrows markedly beyond the bulbous base to yield the “flask” shape (i.e. Hitchcock 1974). The flask‐ like shape of the paraproct was illustrated both by Needham & Claassen (1925, Fig. 3 ) and Hitchcock (1974, Fig. 137) somewhat differently, yet little variation exists in either the shape or size of this structure across the broad range of this species. Slightly different rotational aspects accounted for variability of the appearance of the paraprocts both within and between populations.

Figures

Figs. 1−9. Soyedina vallicularia. 1−3. PA: Beaver Co., spring into Traverse Creek. 1. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 2. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 3. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 4−6. MI: Mason Co., Big South Branch Pere Marquette River. 4. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 5. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 6. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 7−9. MD: Allegany Co., tributary to Black Sulphur Run. 7. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 8. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of right paraproct (200x). 9. Male, lateral view of left paraproct.

Figs. 10−18. Soyedina vallicularia. 10−12. MD: Allegany Co., tributary to Trading Run. 10. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 11. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 12. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 13−15. WV: Logan Co., Frogtown Hollow of Copperas Mine Fork. 13. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 14. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 15. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 16−18. KY: Green Co., spring into Little Brush Creek. 16. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 17. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 18. Male, lateral view of left paraproct.

Figs. 19−27. Soyedina vallicularia. 19−21. KY: Adair Co., Spout Spring Branch, Green River. 19. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 20. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 21. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 22−24. OH: Ashland Co., seep into Clear Fork Mohican River. 22. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 23. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of right paraproct (200x). 24. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 25−27. VA: Wythe Co., East Fork, Stony River. 25. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 26. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 27. Male, lateral view of left paraproct.