Philodoria lysimachiella Swezey, 1928

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 32-33

Philodoria lysimachiella Swezey, 1928

Figs. 8A , 26H , 37B , 38 , 41E , 42E , 43E , 56G , 62A–E .

Philodoria lysimachiella Swezey, 1928: 188 ; Zimmerman 1978a: 708, figs. 463, 469.

Type locality. Puu Hapapa , Waianae Mountains (Oahu) .

Type material. Lectotype ♂, Windward slope of Puu Hapapa, 2000 ft, half a mile south from Kolekole Pass, Waianae Mts., Oahu, 16.i.1927, O.H. Swezey Collector, Lysimachia [rotundifolia], | Holotype | Philodoria lysimachiella Swezey Det. by O. H. Swezey| Type no. 4270, in BPBM (here designated). Paralectotype 5♂, 2♀, same data and locality as holotype, | Paratype | 34188|♂ genitalia slide Z-XII-20-62-1| BPBM 34189 ♀, BPBM 34190 ♀, BPBM 34191♂, BPBM 34192♂ and 2♂ in USNM. Described from nine specimens: the holotype was originally in the collection of the Hawaiian Entomological Society; paratypes in author’s collection, Bishop Museum and the U.S. National Museum. We found eight “types” in the BPBM and USNM. The holotype was not specified in the description, and the so-labeled holotype and paratype are to be considered syntypes under Article 73.2 of the Code ( ICZN 1999), and any one is therefore eligible for designation as lectotype under Article 74 of the Code ( ICZN 1999). The syntype labeled, ‘Holotype’ is formally designated here as lectotype ( Fig. 8A ). The remaining syntype is the paralectotype.

Additional material. 2♂, 3♀, 3 (sex unknown), Waianae (21.501325, -158.16538), Oahu, 28.iii.2016 (stored), K. Bustamente leg., host: Lysimachia hillebrandii , 9.xi.2015 /KMB01,CJ530 / SK 654♀, SK 655♀, SK656♂, SK657♂, SK751(wing vein); deposited in BPBM .

Diagnosis. Very similar to P. molokaiensis Swezey feeding on same host plant, Lysimachia , but is distinguished by the median white streak reaching from base to near middle of wing and the lacking an oblique transverse fascia (cl + bb 2) from the base via costal fold, curved at costal 1/4 to dorsal 1/ 2 in the forewing ( Fig. 8A ) and the broad valva with short slender dorsal process and the rather slender pointed saccus in the male genitalia ( Figs. 41E , 42E ); oval-shaped lamella antevaginalis rather small and signa with rather small spines in the female genitalia ( Fig. 56G ).

Redescription: Adult ( Figs. 8A , 26H , 37B , 38 ). Wingspan 6.7–7.7 mm in paratypes; forewing length 2.5 mm in holotype, 3.0– 3.7 mm in paratypes. Head light gray; frons white; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white, slightly grayish externally on the apical half of middle joint, terminal joint blackish in front ( Fig. 37B ). Antenna light gray, white below on basal third, very long, about 1.5 x length of forewing. Thorax light gray, patagium ocherous-orange. Forewing shiny, metallic bronze with ocherous-orange patches: a large oblique patch from base to 1/2, containing two longitudinal streaks, a median white one from base to near middle of wing lying slightly in front of the fold, bent dorsally in the outer 1/4; another bronze one same length, on the dorsal margin; a large tp after the middle to costal 3/4, distinctly narrowing in the dorsum, extending to dorsal 2/3, containing white cs; one white band on the middle of the first bronze color band (bb 2), another on costa to the middle of second band (bb 3), dorsally suffused with shining black scales; apical portion with a fuscous patch extending toward the termen and apex with a bronze as with orange-ocherous color encroaching on the apex and a small white spot at tornus; cilia light gray, with a white spot at beginning of costal cilia, remainder of cilia with black scales at base. Hindwing light gray, slightly infuscated towards apex, cilia light gray. Abdomen light gray, white beneath. Legs mostly light gray, white beneath.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 41E , 42E , 43E , 62A, B ) (n=1). Capsule 900 µm. Tegumen 0.5–0.6 x length of valva; valva 480–500 µm long, very broad, apically rounded and having a slender dorsal process ( Fig. 41E ). Saccus short and tapering toward the point ( Fig. 42E ). Phallus 780–800 µm long and sinuous at phallobase in lateral view with two series of spiny minute cornuti in vesica ( Fig. 43E ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 56G ) (new record) (n=2). 1290 µm long. Ostium bursae small; antrum slender, cylindrical; lamella antevaginalis 200 µm, well-developed, oval-shape. Corpus bursae 600 µm long; paired signa with a pair of claw-shaped spines.

Distribution. Oahu ( Swezey 1928).

Host plants. Primulaceae : Lysimachia hillebrandii Hook. f. ( Swezey 1928).

Biology. Unknown, but it is presumably similar to that of P. molokaiensis .

Remarks. Leaf mines were once collected from Lysimachia along a ridge of Kalihi Valley on Oahu, but no adult moths were reared from them ( Swezey 1928). Tim Kroessig (pers. comm.) found Philodoria leaf mines on L. remyi ssp. subherbacea , which were collected in Wai’anae mountains, Oahum,, but larvae from these mines were not reared.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. lysimachiella Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, B P. molokaiensis Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, C P. basalis Walsingham, 1907 lectotype male, D Paralectotype male, E Female, Hawaii (Big Island), F Male, Hawaii (Big Island). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 37. Illustrations of the head of Philodoria. A P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island) (SKH09-1, SK615), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, B P. lysimachiella, male, Oahu (CJ530a/SK749), host: Lysimachia hillebrandii, C P. marginestrigata (sex unknown), Molokai (CJ186), host: Abutilon grandiflorum, D P. hauicola, female, Oahu (SKH08-9/SK750), host: Hibiscus tiliaceus. ey: eye, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, sc: scape, pd: pedicel, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis.

FIGURE 38. Schematic illustration of Philodoria wing veins, this image showing veins of P. lysimachiella, male, Oahu (CJ530a/SK751), host: Lysimachia hillebrandii. A forewing, B hindwing.

FIGURE 41. Male valva of Philodoria, inner view. A–F, H–J, L, M: Left valva, G, K, N: Right valva. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F, G P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, H P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, I P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, J P. splendida, Maui, SK696, K Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., L P. lama, holotype, Maui SK744, M P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767, N Same as L, paratype, Kauai, SK745.

FIGURE 42. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK745. Abbreviation: ta: tuba analis.

FIGURE 43. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK755, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767.

FIGURE 56. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. succedanea, paralectotype, Maui, SK714, B Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK624, C P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK623, D P. kauaulaensis, holotype, SK690, E Same species, lateral view, F P. kolea, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK634, G P. lysimachiella, SK654, H P. sp. A, SK753, I P. molokaiensis, SK668, lateral view, J Same ventral view, K P. splendida, SK621, L P. lama, paratype, SK813.

FIGURE 62. Images of genitalia and wing vein mounts prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A–E: P. lysimachiella, male, Oahu, Z- XII-20-62-1, F–H: P. molokaiensis, paralectotype female, Molokai, I, J: P. knudseniiella, paratype female, Kauai, Z-I-10-66-A. A Phallus, lateral view, B Entire genitalia except phallus, ventral view, C Dorsal flap, D Pair of coremata, E, G J Abdominal segments, F, G Z-XII-19-62-26, F, I Female genitalia, ventral view, H Same species, left wing veins, Z-XII-20-65.