Apsilocera

Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan & Achterberg, Cornelis Van, 2013, Revision of the Oriental species of Apsilocera Bouček (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), with description of twelve new species, Zootaxa 3717 (4), pp. 448-468 : 450-451

Key to females of Oriental species of Apsilocera

1 Vertex with various ornamentations distinctly raised above regular sculpture ( Figs 19–22 , 25, 26, 28, 30–32 ); mandible sometimes with distal tooth blunt ( Figs 20 , 25, 26 )............................................................... 2

– Vertex with only regular sculpture ( Figs 23, 24 , 27, 29 ); mandible always with distal tooth sharp ( Figs 23 , 27, 29 ).........9

2(1) Fore wing with distinct brownish cloud below marginal vein ( Figs 7 , 33 ); head with a crest between each eye and corresponding torulus; antennae inserted very high, almost on vertex; clypeal margin with one small blunt tooth ( Fig. 25 ); clava pale yellow ( Fig. 7 ); distal tooth of mandible blunt ( Fig. 25 )................... A. fulvipennis Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Fore wing hyaline ( Figs 1–6 , 8–12 ); head sometimes with other types of ornamentation; other characters not in above combination...............................................................................................3

3(2) Vertex with only one tooth between eye and corresponding ocellus; clypeal margin slightly emarginate; distal tooth of mandible sharp ( Figs 3 , 21 , 31 )............................................ A. cornuta Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Vertex with other types of ornamentation, if with one strong tooth than this followed by several smaller ones ( Figs 22 , 30 , 32 ); clypeus sometimes different; distal tooth of mandible blunt or sharp............................................. 4

4(3) Vertex with a row of teeth originating near eye and ending near posterior ocellus ( Figs 22 , 30 , 32 )......................5

– Vertex with one or two crests or elevations between posterior ocelli and anterior ocellus ( Figs 19, 20 , 26, 28 )............. 6

5(4) Vertex high, in anterior view distinctly arched between posterior ocelli; head in anterior view only slightly transverse, about 1.2× as broad as high; tooth near eye distinctly larger than the rest; clypeal margin slightly emarginate; distal tooth of mandible rounded ( Fig. 22 ).................................................. A. dentata Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Vertex normal, not high, in anterior view not distinctly arched between posterior ocelli; head in anterior view very transverse, about 1.6× as broad as high; tooth near eye not or only slightly larger than the rest; clypeal margin with small median projection; distal tooth of mandible sharp ( Figs 30 , 32 )..................... A. tuberculata Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

6(4) Vertex with one continuous crest composed of small sharp teeth, leaving no depression in middle; clypeal margin protruding and slightly emarginate; clava uniformly brownish; distal tooth of mandible blunt ( Fig. 19 )......................................................................................... A. acuticristata Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Vertex with two distinct crests not composed of small sharp teeth, leaving a depression in middle; clypeal margin protruding but straight; clava sometimes different; distal tooth of mandible blunt ( Figs 20 , 26 ) or sharp.......................... 7

7(6) Clava with last two segments pale yellow ( Fig. 2 ); gena long ( Fig. 20 ); two crests more distinct ( Fig. 20 ); distal tooth of mandible blunt ( Fig. 20 )............................................. .. A. bicristata Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Clava uniformly brownish ( Figs 8, 10 ); gena long ( Fig. 28 ) or short ( Fig. 26 ); two crests less distinct ( Figs 26, 28 ); distal tooth of mandible blunt ( Figs 26 ) or sharp.......................................................................8

8(7) Funicular segments more elongate, with two rows of sensilla each ( Figs 8 , 26 ); gena short ( Fig. 26 ); vertex very high ( Fig. 26 ); distal tooth of mandible blunt ( Fig. 26 ); hind coxa almost entirely pale yellow, with only a dark basal spot; all femora brown except proximally ( Fig. 8 )....................................... A. longicornis Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Funicular segments shorter, with only one row of sensilla each ( Figs 10 , 28 ); gena long ( Fig. 28 ); vertex less high ( Fig. 28 ); distal tooth of mandible sharp; hind coxa almost entirely dark dorsally; only hind femur slightly dark ( Fig. 10 )....................................................................... A. obtusicristata Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

9(1) Hind coxa mostly dark ( Fig. 11 ); clava, especially the last two segments, yellowish, distinctly paler than rest of flagellum ( Figs 11 , 29 ); gena hollowed at mouth corner, clypeus emarginate, with one conspicuous projection on each side ( Fig. 29 )...................................................................... A. palliclava Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Hind coxa pale, with only a dark basal spot; flagellum of uniform colour ( Figs 5, 6 , 9 ); gena and clypeus different........ 10

10(9) Vein M about 1.5× as long as vein S; malar space about 1/4 eye height; clypeal margin medially emarginate............................................................................................. A. brevivena Xiao & Huang

– Vein M at least twice as long as vein S ( Figs 5, 6 , 9 ); malar space longer ( Figs 23, 24 , 27 ); clypeal margin usually different. 11

11(10) Gena only slightly receding towards mouth; clypeal margin broadly angulate ( Fig. 24 ); stigma elongated, lower margin emarginate ( Fig. 6 )................................................... A. elongata Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Gena strongly receding towards mouth; clypeal margin with one or two small teeth ( Figs 23 , 27 ); stigma not elongated, lower margin not emarginate ( Figs 5 , 9 )........................................................................ 12

12(11) Clypeus with one small tooth; mandible formula 3:4 ( Fig. 27 ); metasoma dorsally with large pale spot at base ( Fig. 9 )..................................................................... A. maculata Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

– Clypeus with two small teeth; mandible formula 4:4 ( Fig. 23 ); metasoma dorsally without large pale spot at base ( Fig. 5 ).................................................................... .. A. dupla Mitroiu & van Achterberg, sp. n.

Figures

FIGURES 19 – 24. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 19 A. acuticristata; 20 A. bicristata; 21 A. cornuta; 22 A. dentata; 23 A. dupla; 24 A. elongata.

FIGURES 25 – 30. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, head in anterior view. 25 A. fulvipennis; 26 A. longicornis; 27 A. maculata; 28 A. obtusicristata; 29 A. palliclava; 30 A. tuberculata.

FIGURES 31 – 34. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype. 31 A. cornuta, head, dorsal view; 32 A. tuberculata, head, antero-ventral view; 33 A. fulvipennis, fore wing, dorsal side; 34 A. tuberculata, body, dorsal view.

FIGURES 7 – 12. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 7 A. fulvipennis; 8 A. longicornis; 9 A. maculata; 10 A. obtusicristata; 11 A. palliclava; 12 A. tuberculata.

FIGURES 1 – 6. Apsilocera spp., female, holotype, lateral view. 1 A. acuticristata; 2 A. bicristata; 3 A. cornuta; 4 A. dentata; 5 A. dupla; 6 A. elongata.