Marma linae, Salgado & Ruiz, 2020

Salgado, Alexandre & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2020, Taxonomic revision of Marma Simon, 1902 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), Zootaxa 4899 (1), pp. 287-353 : 302-307

Marma linae sp. nov.

Figures 1B , 12–17 , 57B , 58B

Etymology. The species is named after the Brazilian arachnologist Lina Maria Almeida Silva, the first to bring us specimens of this species from Bahia, Brazil.

Diagnosis. Males of M. linae sp. nov. are most similar to those of M. baeri , both with a short process on the embolic disc (PED), but they differ by having a thinner embolic disc ( Figs 7A , 15A , 57 A–B). Besides, the embolus in M. linae sp. nov. emerges from a more proximal portion of the embolic disc, and consequently is longer than in M. baeri (best visualized after clarification techniques using clove oil; Figs 7F , 9C , 15E , 16A ). Females of M. linae sp. nov. differ by having the copulatory openings close together and aligned with the distal portion of primary spermathecae ( Figs 14C , 15G , 58B ), whereas they are separated by approximately three times the girth of the copulatory duct and placed anterior to the primary spermathecae in M. baeri ( Figs 6C , 7H , 58A ). Also, females of M. linae sp. nov. have homogeneous primary spermathecae with distal portion projecting anteriorly ( Figs 14 C–D, 15F–G, 58B), whereas primary spermathecae have di l ated initial portion, tapering towards fertilization ducts in M. baeri ( Figs 6C , 7 G–H, 58A).

Description. Male (Holotype, MPEG 34356). Total length: 4.08. Carapace 2.09 long, 1.37 wide, 1.02 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.84 long. Anterior eye row 1.33 wide, posterior 1.10 wide. Legs 1342. Length of legs: I 5.20 (1.56 + 2.02 + 1.62); II 3.73 (1.17 + 1.34 + 1.22); III 4.42 (1.44 + 1.48 + 1.50); IV 4.29 (1.34 + 1.42 + 1.53).

Leg macrosetae: Femur I d1-1-1, p1di, r0; II–IV d1-1-1, p1di, r1di. Patella I–II 0; III–IV p0, r1. Tibia I p0-1-0, r0, v2-2-2; II p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v1r-2-2; III p0-1-1-0, r1-1-1-0 (or 0-1-1-0), v1p-0-0-2; IV p0-1-1-0, r1-1-1-0, v1p-0- 0-2; Metatarsus I p1di, r0, v2-2; II p1-1, r1di, v2-2; III d1p-0-0, p1-0-2, r1-0-2, v2-0-2; IV p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v1p-0-2 (or v2-0-2).

Color in alcohol ( Figs 13 A–B): scales uniformly distributed on carapace; abdomen ventrally pale; legs: femur I with dark distal ring and with prolateral and retrolateral dark stripe, II with dark distal ring and with proximal region with prolateral and retrolateral dark spot, III with dark distal ring and proximal region with dark proventral spot, IV with dark distal ring and proximal region with dark prolateral spot; tibia I–II without dark marks, III–IV with proximal and distal dark ring; tarsus I totally black, II without dark marks, III–IV with dark proximal ring.

Palp: RTA finger-shaped ( Figs 13 C–D); thin embolic disc with both edges straight ( Figs 13C , 15A ); PED approximately with same length of exposed portion of embolic disc, emerging from prodistal part of embolic disc ( Figs 15A, E ); tip of embolus ending more distally than tip of PED ( Figs 13C , 15A ).

Female (Paratype, MPEG 34346). Total length: 3.62. Carapace 1.85 long, 1.19 wide, 0.88 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.80 long. Anterior eye row 1.21 wide, posterior 0.98 wide. Legs (4=3)12. Length of legs: I 2.84 (0.93 + 1.04 + 0.87); II 2.72 (0.91 + 0.98 + 0.83); III 3.78 (1.29 + 1.29 + 1.20); IV 3.78 (1.18 + 1.26 + 1.34).

Leg macrosetae: femur I d1-1-1, p1di, r0; II–III d1-1-1, p1di, r1di; IV d1-1-1, p0, r1di; patella I–II 0; III–IV p0, r1; tibia I–II p0-1-0, r0, v1r-2-2; III p1-1-1-0 (or p0-1-1-0), r0-1-1-0 (or r1-1-1-0), v1p-0-0-2; IV p0-1-1-0, r1-1-1- 0, v1p-0-0-2; metatarsus I p1di, r0, v2-2; II p1-1, r1di, v2-2; III d1p-0-0, p1-0-2, r1-0-2, v2-0-2; IV p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v1p-0-2.

Color in alcohol ( Figs 14 A–B): carapace and abdomen as in male; legs: femur I–II with dark distal ring and proximal region with prolateral and retrolateral dark spot, III–IV with dark distal ring and proximal region with dark prolateral spot; tibia I–IV with dark proximal ring and distal region with prolateral and retrolateral dark spot; tarsus I–II without dark marks, III–IV with dark proximal ring.

Epigyne ( Figs 14 C–D, 15F–G, 17A–D): copulatory openings separated by less than 1/2 their diameter, placed at same level as primary spermathecae; copulatory ducts very short; proximal copulatory duct slighty shorter than distal section; primary spermathecae with homogenous diameter and anteriorly projected.

Type material. Holotype ♁: BRAZIL: Pará: Belém, Macacário, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade Federal do Pará, 01°28’21.4”S, 48°27’29.5”W, leg. A. Salgado, 10.VII.2017 ( MPEG 34356 ).

Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 1♁ 1♀ ( MPEG 34345 ) , 1♀ ( MPEG 34346 ) . BRAZIL: Bahia: Salvador [12°55’39.5”S, 38°25’56.3”W], leg. L.M.A. Silva, unknown date, 1♁ 1♀ ( IBSP 267942 ) .

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Pará: Belém , walls of restaurant “Poema”, 01°28’21.0”S, 48°26’49.3”W, leg. A. Salgado, 6.IX.2017, 1♁ ( MPEG 37105 ) ; Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Macacário, 01°28’21.4”S, 48°27’29.5”W, leg. A. Salgado, 10.VII.2017, 1♁ ( MPEG 37107 ) , 1♀ ( MPEG 37108 ) , 5♁ 1♀ ( MPEG 37109 ) ; São Geraldo do Araguaia, Serra das andorinhas, Cantinho da Dona Madalena , 06°12’15.5”S, 48°26’22.6”W, leg. A. Salgado, 1–3.XI.2019, 3♁ ( MPEG, 37110, 37112, 37113), 1♀ ( MPEG 37111 ) ; São Geraldo do Araguaia, Ideflor , 06°24’08.9”S, 48°33’32.8”W, leg. A. Salgado, 31.X.2019, 3♁ ( MPEG 37114 , 37115 , 37116 ) , 1♀ ( MPEG 37117 ) . Piauí: Luís Correia [02°52’47.5”S, 41°39’56.4”W], leg. L.S. Carvalho, 30.XII.2007, 3♁ 1♀ ( MPEG 37118 ) ; José de Freitas, Fazenda Nazareth [04°45’03.4”S, 42°35’14.2”W], leg. Equipe Aracno MPEG, 18.I.2003, 1♀ ( MPEG 9830 ) ; Teresina, Estrada da Uni „o (23 km north of Teresina , near village of São Vicente ), Sítio Ouro Verde , 04°54’13.9’’S, 42°47’27.1’’W, unknown collector and date, 1♀ ( MPEG 9855 ) ; Teresina, Bairro São Joaquim [05°03’22.2”S, 42°50’12.7”W], leg. L.S. Carvalho, 22.I.2009, 1♁ ( MPEG 37119 ) ; Castelo do Piauí, ECB Rochas Ornamentais , 05°13’54.1’’S, 41°42’01.7’’W, leg. A.B. Bonaldo, 12.IX.2006, 2♁ ( MPEG 9906 ) ; Paquetá [07°06’17.3”S, 41°42’14.6”W], leg. M.N.C. Costa, 8.IV.2006, 1♀ ( MPEG 9901 ) . Bahia: Jardim Botânico de Salvador [12°55’43.3”S, 38°26’04.7”W], leg. I. Daniel, 22.II.2007, 6♁ ( IBSP 118472 , 118543 , 118545 , 132534 , 132585 , 132654 ) , 1♀ ( IBSP 118476 ) ; Salvador, Clube da Adelba , 12°56’29.5”S, 38°23’38.4”W, leg. A. Salgado, 30.VII.2017, 2♁ ( MPEG 37121 ) , 1♁ 1♀ ( MPEG 37122 ) , 1♁ 1♀ ( MPEG 37123 ) , 3♀ ( MPEG 37124 ) , 2♁ ( MPEG 37125 ) .

Distribution. Known from the Brazilian states of Pará, Piauí and Bahia ( Fig. 59B ).

Natural history. The specimens were collected from tree trunks and urban constructions.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Marma Simon, 1902. A–E live specimens in different habitats [A M. nigritarsis from Belém/Pará/Brazil, on urban construction (Photo credit: César Favacho); B M. linae sp. nov. from São Geraldo do Araguaia/Pará/Brazil, on tree trunk; C M. rosea from São Geraldo do Araguaia/Pará/Brazil, on a wall of an urban construction; D M. nigritarsis from Belém/Pará/Brazil, on a substrate with moss; E M. wesolowskae sp. nov. from Buíque/Pernambuco/Brazil, on rocks].

FIGURE 6. Female of Marma baeri Simon, 1902, specimen from Montañita/Santa Elena/Ecuador (QCAZ). A–B habitus (A dorsal, B ventral); C–D cleared epigyne/vulva (C ventral, cleared; D details of secondary spermathecae, dorsal). Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cd—copulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; fd—fertilization duct; e—embolus shaft (broken inside the duct); PS—Primary spermatheca; SS—secondary spermathecae.

FIGURE 7. Marma baeri Simon, 1902. A, C–H specimens from Montañita/Santa Elena/Ecuador. B holotype illustrated by Galiano (1963), reflected.A–F left male palp (A–B ventral; C retrolateral; D proventral; E dorsal; F cleared bulb, ventral). G–H Epigyne/vulva (G ventral; H cleared, ventral). Abbreviations: BG—Bennett´s gland; cc—cymbial conductor; cd—copulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; dh—distal hematodocha; e—embolus shaft; ed—embolic disc; fd—fertilization duct; PEDprocess on embolic disc; PS—primary spermatheca; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS—secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 9. Male of Marma baeri Simon, 1902, specimen from Montañita/Santa Elena/Ecuador.A–F left palp (A bulb, ventral; B tip of embolus and PED, ventral; C dissected embolic disc and embolus, dorsal; D detail of embolus shaft, dorsal; E cymbial conductor, ventral; F proximal region of cymbium, ventral).Abbreviations: cc—cymbial conductor; e—embolus shaft; ed—em- bolic disc; PED—process on embolic disc. Black arrow in C shows groove; white arrows in D show spikes of embolus shaft and white arrow in F shows retroventral projection of cymbium.

FIGURE 12. Marma linae sp. nov. Live specimens from Belém/Pará/Brazil. A–C male (A dorsal, B lateral, C frontal); D–F female (D dorsal, E lateral, F frontal). Black arrow in B shows black tarsus in male front leg.

FIGURE 13. Male holotype of Marma linae sp. nov. (MPEG 34356). A–B habitus (A dorsal, B ventral); C–D left palp (C ventral, D retrolateral).

FIGURE 14. Female paratype of Marma linae sp. nov. (MPEG 34346). A–B habitus (A dorsal, B ventral); C–D cleared epi- gyne/vulva (C ventral, D dorsal).Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cd—copulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; fd—fer- tilization duct; PS—primary spermatheca; SS—secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 15. Marma linae sp. nov. A–E left male palp (A ventral; B retrolateral; C proventral; D dorsal; E cleared bulb, ven- tral); F–G epigyne/vulva (F ventral; G cleared, ventral). Abbreviations: BG—Bennett’s gland; cc—cymbial conductor; cdcopulatory duct; co—copulatory opening; dh—distal hematodocha; e—embolus shaft; ed—embolic disc; fd—fertilization duct; PED—process on embolic disc; PS—primary spermatheca; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS—secondary spermathecae.

FIGURE 16. Male of Marma linae sp. nov. A–D left palp (A dissected embolic disc, dorsal; B detail of embolus shaft, dorsal; C detail of apical region of cymbium, ventral; D detail of proximal region of cymbium, ventral). Abbreviations: cc—cymbial conductor; e—embolus shaft; PED—process on embolic disc. Black arrow in A shows groove; white arrows in B show spikes of embolus shaft; white arrow in D shows retroventral projection of cymbium.

FIGURE 17. Female of Marma linae sp. nov. A–D epigyne/vulva (A ventral; B dorsal; C detail of secondary spermatheca, left side; D same, right side). Abbreviations: co—copulatory openings; fd—fertilization ducts; PS—primary spermatheca; SSsecondary spermathecae.

FIGURE 57. Left male palp, ventral [A Marma baeri Simon, 1902; B M. linae sp. nov.; C M. pipa sp. nov.; D M. wesolowskae sp. nov.; E M. nigritarsis (Simon, 1900); F M. sinuosa sp. nov., G M. argentina (Mello-Leit„o, 1941), H M. rosea (Mello- Leit„o, 1941), I M. spelunca sp. nov.]. Colors represent homologous structures.

FIGURE 58. Epigyne/vulva, A–C, E–K ventral, D dorsal [A Marma baeri Simon, 1902; B M. linae sp. nov.; C M. abaira sp. nov.; D M. femella (Caporiacco, 1955); E M. pipa sp. nov.; F M. wesolowskae sp. nov.; G M. nigritarsis (Simon, 1900); H M. sinuosa sp. nov.; I M. argentina (Mello-Leitão, 1941); J M. rosea (Mello-Leitão, 1941); K M. spelunca sp. nov.]. Colors represent homologous structures; arrow in D shows hypothetical position of secondary spermatheca.

FIGURE 59. Maps of South America showing records of Marma species (A species previously described; B new species). Record from the state of Amazonas (Brazil) in Fig. 59A is taken from Zhang & Maddison (2015).