Phthinia

Fitzgerald, Scott J. & Kerr, Peter H., 2014, Revision of Nearctic Phthinia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), Zootaxa 3856 (3), pp. 301-325 : 304-305

Key to Nearctic Phthinia

(based on males though external characters and distributional data will also distinguish some females)

1 Wing with microtrichia easily observable between more widely-spaced macrotrichia ( Fig. 3 ); laterotergite with at least a few

seta ( Fig. 2 ); A1 weakly divergent from stem of cubital fork ( Fig. 3 ); gonostylus articulating with gonocoxites apically (ventroapically in P. cascadica n. sp.) ( Figs. 7 , 13 , 19 , 29 , 48 ); minute dorsal and posterior setae of hind tibia present.......... 4 - Wing with microtrichia present, but difficult to distinguish between dense macrotrichia (microtrichia in these species most easily observable along posterior edge of petiole of cubital fork) ( Fig. 32 ); laterotergite bare (Fig. 31); A1 strongly divergent from stem of cubital fork ( Fig. 32 ); gonostylus articulating with gonocoxites dorsally ( Fig. 23 , 36 , 42 ); hind tibia with minute dorsal setae present, but posterior setae absent.................................................................... 2

2 Gonostylus trilobate ( Figs. 36 , 40, 42–43 )..................................................................3

- Male gonostylus bilobate ( Figs. 22–23 ); Nova Scotia.............................................. mikmaqi n. sp.

3 Male terminalia as Figs. 39–43 ; Nearctic boreal distribution...................................... ramificans Zaitzev

- Male terminalia as Figs. 33–37 ; western Nearctic................................................. neptunei n. sp.

4 Posterodorsal corners of male gonocoxite developed into a pair of elongate dorsally directed rods ( Figs. 4–6 ); western Nearctic........................................................................................ cascadica n. sp.

- Posterodorsal corners of male gonocoxite without such developments; eastern Nearctic.............................. 5

5 Outer surface of gonostylus developed into a single long, apical, spine-like lobe ( Figs. 12 , 19 )........................ 6

- Outer surface of gonostylus with two spine-like lobes ( Figs. 28 , 48 ); one long apical spine and a second more basal spine that may be either shorter ( Fig.48 ) or subequal in length ( Fig. 28 ) to apical spine....................................... 7

6 Inner surface of gonostylus with a semi-transparent, curved, apically spatulate lobe ( Figs. 12–13 ); male terminalia as Figs. 9–13 ; eastern Nearctic....................................................................... lobata Zaitzev

- Inner surface without such a lobe ( Figs. 15–19 ); male terminalia as Figs. 15–19 ; Michigan.............. meicigama n. sp.

7 Dorsobasal spine of gonostylus shorter than apical spine ( Fig. 48 ); median aedeagal complex rectangular and apically truncate ( Figs. 47–48 ); inner, setose, lobe, of gonostylus with a very short semi-transparent, curved, apically spatulate lobe; male terminalia as Figs. 44–48 ; eastern Nearctic........................................................... tanypus Loew

- Dorsobasal spine of gonostylus subequal in length to apical spine ( Fig. 28 ); median aedeagal complex long slender, apically acute ( Fig. 28 ); inner, setose, lobe, of gonostylus with a thin elongate semi-transparent, curved, apically spatulate lobe ( Figs. 26, 28 ); male terminalia as Figs. 25–29 ; northeastern Nearctic...................................... miranda Zaitzev

Figures

FIGURE 3. P. cascadica n. sp., wing [paratype male, # 12 K 584]. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. P. cascadica n. sp., head and thorax [paratype male, # 12 K 576]. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: anepm anepimeron anepst anepisternum aprnt antepronotum a spr anterior spiracle cx coxa hlt halter kepst katepisternum ltg laterotergite mtg mediotergite mtanepst metanepisternum mtepm metepimeron mtkepst metakatepisternum p spr posterior spiracle proepst proepisternum sc scutum

FIGURES 4 – 7. P. cascadica n. sp., male terminalia [paratype specimen, # 12 K 584]. 4. Lateral view, with epandrium. 5. Posterior view. 6. Dorsal view. 7. Ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: aed comp aedeagal complex cerc cercus epand epandrium goncx gonocoxites gonst gonostylus hyprct hypoproct

FIGURES 9 – 13. P. lobata Zaitzev, male terminalia. 9. Lateral view [paratype specimen # 13 N 212]. 10. Posterior view (right gonostylus removed) [# 13 N 212]. 11. Dorsal view of epandrium, cercus, and hypoproct [paratype # 13 N 214]. 12. Dorsal view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed) [# 13 N 214]. 13. Ventral view (epandrium removed) [# 13 N 214]. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 15 – 19. P. meicigama n. sp., male terminalia [holotype specimen # 13 N 276] (right gonostylus removed). 15. Lateral view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed). 16. Posterior view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed). 17. Dorsal view of cercus and hypoproct. 18. Dorsal view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed). 19. Ventral view of gonocoxites. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 25 – 29. P. miranda Zaitzev, male terminalia [specimen # 13 N 262]. 25. Lateral view. 26. Posterior view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed). 27. Dorsal view of epandrium, cercus, and hypoproct. 28. Dorsal view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed). 29. Ventral view of gonocoxites. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 44 – 48. P. tanypus Loew, male terminalia [# 13 N 260]. 44. Lateral view. 45. Posterior view. 46. Dorsal view of epandrium, cercus, and hypoproct. 47. Dorsal view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed). 48. Ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 32. P. neptunei n. sp., wing [paratype male, # 12 K 583]. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 21 – 24. P. mikmaqi n. sp., male terminalia [holotype specimen, # 13 N 263]. 21. Lateral view. 22. Posterior view. 23. Dorsal view. 24. Ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 33 – 37. P. neptunei n. sp., male terminalia [paratype specimen # 12 K 583]. 33. Lateral view. 34. Posterior view. 35. Dorsal view of epandrium, cercus, and hypoproct. 36. Dorsal view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed). 37. Ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 39 – 43. P. ramificans Zaitzev, male terminalia [# 13 N 217]. 39. Lateral view. 40. Posterior view. 41. Dorsal view of epandrium, cercus, and hypoproct. 42. Dorsal view of gonocoxites (epandrium removed). 43. Ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.