Bezzia Kieffer

Borkent, Art, 2014, The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera, Zootaxa 3879 (1), pp. 1-327 : 100-102

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593065

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9-BD4D-3011-FD3A-1CF94FECE426

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Bezzia Kieffer
status

 

Bezzia Kieffer View in CoL View at ENA

( Figs. 12F View FIGURE 12 , 13I View FIGURE 13 , 17D View FIGURE 17 , 22C–D View FIGURE 22 , 28D View FIGURE 28 , 31E View FIGURE 31 , 33J View FIGURE 33 , 41A View FIGURE 41 , 46H–K View FIGURE 46 , 53D View FIGURE 53 , 69C View FIGURE 69 , 77E–H View FIGURE 77 )

DIAGNOSIS: Only pupa of Ceratopogonidae with the metathorax with only one campaniform sensillum (M-3-T) situated at least ⅓ the length of the metathorax from its anterior margin ( Fig. 53D View FIGURE 53 ), apex of the halter extending posteriorly to about 1/6 length of tergite 2 (as in Fig. 33L View FIGURE 33 ), abdominal segment 4 with V-5-IV, V-6-IV and V-7-IV closely approximated (as in Fig. 70C View FIGURE 70 ) or, if V-7-IV is closer to L-4-IV then L-3-IV is closer to L-2-IV than to an elongate L-1-IV ( Fig. 69C View FIGURE 69 ) (not as in Fig. 70B View FIGURE 70 ), abdominal segment 8 has V-5-VIII and V-6-VIII on separate tubercles or if on partially to completely fused tubercles, then V-5-VIII well-developed (not minute), and abdominal segment 8 is without L-1-VIII (not diagnosable as different from Palpomyia and Phaenobezzia ); however, most species of Bezzia have two or more campaniform sensilla on the dorsal apotome ( Figs. 22C–D View FIGURE 22 ), a nearly unique condition found only in two species of Palpomyia , one of which, P. jonesi , distinctively has two setae and two campaniform sensilla ( Fig. 22J View FIGURE 22 ).

DESCRIPTION: Habitus as in Fig. 12F View FIGURE 12 . Total length = 2.00– 6.16 mm. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing ( Figs. 17D View FIGURE 17 , 33J View FIGURE 33 ). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in Figs. 17C View FIGURE 17 , 79H View FIGURE 79 ) or with eye appressed to antenna ( Figs. 17D View FIGURE 17 ). Head: Dorsal apotome ( Figs. 22C–D View FIGURE 22 ), with partial ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite ( Fig. 13I View FIGURE 13 ) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts ( Fig. 28D View FIGURE 28 ) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire or separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna ( Fig. 41A View FIGURE 41 ) anterior to posterior to, posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals ( Figs. 22C–D View FIGURE 22 )—1 moderate to elongate seta, 1–3 campaniform sensilla; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 0–1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals ( Fig. 28D View FIGURE 28 )—1 slender or 2 slender or thick setae; oculars ( Fig. 28D View FIGURE 28 )—1–2 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum. Thorax: Prothoracic extension ( Fig. 28D View FIGURE 28 ) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially ( Fig. 53D View FIGURE 53 ); respiratory organ ( Figs. 46H–K View FIGURE 46 ) length/width = 3.73–6.60, moderately elongate to elongate, apical portion swollen in some, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single straight to curved row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with short to moderately elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, wrinkles to half length or more; wing ( Fig. 41A View FIGURE 41 ) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg ( Fig. 33J View FIGURE 33 ) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs ( Fig. 41A View FIGURE 41 ) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing ( Fig. 33J View FIGURE 33 ); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally or small gap between the two; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (as in Figs. 31L–M View FIGURE 31 ); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae ( Fig. 31E View FIGURE 31 )—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics ( Fig. 53D View FIGURE 53 )—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax). Abdomen: pigmentation light brown, with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot (light brown), segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 ( Figs. 77E–H View FIGURE 77 ) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated to separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex, in some very slender; sensilla: tergite 1 ( Fig. 53D View FIGURE 53 ) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3–4 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anterolaterally near L-1-I to anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 ( Fig. 69C View FIGURE 69 )—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short setae on short tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short to moderately elongate setae, D-7-IV present or absent; D-5-IV on single, short tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on basally fused or separate but closely approximated tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV, if present, near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short to moderately elongate seta on rounded tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2- IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short to moderately elongate setae on rounded tubercles, L-2-IV, L-3-IV on single tubercle in some, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setate on short tubercles, all closely approximated or with V-7-IV closer to L-4- IV; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; with V-5-VIII, V-6-VIII on single tubercle, V-5-VIII tiny, V-6- VIII elongate; segment 9 ( Figs. 77E–H View FIGURE 77 )—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: The genus Bezzia is known from 319 species from every Region worldwide ( Borkent 2014). Immatures have been recorded from a wide array of habitats including rice fields, springs, streams, river margins, wet moss, various phytotelmata, pools, marshes, bogs, fens, algal mats in lentic habitats, lakes, and reservoirs.

TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: The pupae of 51 species of Bezzia are known ( Tables 2–3 View TABLE 2 View TABLE 3 ). Goeze (1780) described but did not name a species which is probably a Bezzia , providing the first morphological study describing the chaetotaxy of the larva and pupa ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ) of a Ceratopogonidae . It was later named Tipula goezii by Schrank (1803). I have placed it in Bezzia as a new combination as follows but the name is so out of date that it must be considered a nomen nudum. The long slender terminal process and somewhat clavate apex of the respiratory organ ( Figs. 46H, 46J View FIGURE 46 ) is a distinctive combination of many species of Bezzia .

Bezzia goezii (Schrank), 1803: 72 ( Tipula ). Quedlinburg, Germany. new combination.

Some species have been described more than once by the same author ( Table 2 View TABLE 2 ) but with different names (now synonyms) (e.g. B. circumdata , B. leucogaster , B. nobilis ), suggesting either misidentifications or the possibility of more than one species actually present.

Thomsen (1937) gave a key to three species known to her at that time but one of these, P. flavitarsis , is now recognized as a Palpomyia . Thomsen (1937) drew the dorsal apotomes of species of Bezzia with more than one seta (per side) but likely misinterpreted the multiple campaniform sensilla as the broken bases of setae.

Thienemann (1928) and Mayer (1934a) provided keys to European species groups. Lenz (1934) provided a key to European species but primarily used habitats to distinguish these and, for most, this almost certainly results in inaccurate identifications. Harris (1981) described and keyed the pupae of six unnamed species of Bezzia from Australia.

Wirth (1983a, 1983b, 1983c) diagnosed the pupae of some Nearctic and Neotropical Bezzia in the cockerelli , bicolor , and nobilis species groups but did not do so for the remaining species groups of Bezzia . At present, pupae of Bezzia cannot be diagnosed as a genus and therefore providing a key to the species in a given region is superfluous. Unless a diagnosis becomes available all Bezzia should be keyed with species of Palpomyia and Phaenobezzia . Alternately, it would be possible to key all species with more than one campaniform sensillum on the dorsal apotome, which would include nearly all Bezzia and a few Palpomyia , depending on the area being covered.

Nearly all Bezzia have more than one campaniform sensillum on the dorsal apotome (see character 6). The only exceptions seen are of B. brevicornis , B. bromeliae and B. dorsasetula , each with one seta and one campaniform sensillum.

Bezzia xanthogaster (Kieffer), 1919: 130 ( Probezzia ) is a junior homonym of Probezzia xanthogaster (Kieffer), 1917: 329 ( Bezzia ) and is here given the new name Bezzia gilvigaster (a similar specific name also meaning yellow stomach (abdomen for the adult this species).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: B. africana : 1 pupal exuviae, Burgershall , Hazyview, Transvaal, South Africa, 3- XII-1973 ( NMSA) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Magaliesberg Agricultural School , Transvaal, South Africa, 13-XI-1973 ( NMSA) . B. albicornis : 1 pupal exuviae, Kaushut , Tedjen Province, Turkmenistan, 2-IV-1972 ( ZIN) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 30-V-1972 ( ZIN) . B. amana : 1 pupal exuviae (of holotype), Loutpan , Transvaal, South Africa, 10-I-1974 ( NMSA) . B. annulipes : 2 pupal exuviae, Lunzer Untersee between boat house and canal, Lower Austria, Austria, 6-VI-1942 ( ZSMC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Germany ( ZSMC) ; 3 pupal exuviae, Germany ( ZSMC) ; 12 pupal exuviae, Anninskoe lake , Pskov Province, Russia, 24-VI-1995 ( ZIN) . B. biannulata : 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), 1 pupal exuviae (of allotype), Oceano Beach, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA, 20- VIII-1948 ( USNM) . B. bicolor : 6 pupal exuviae, Gievenbeck , Germany, 9-V-1912 ( ZSMC) ; 4 pupal exuviae, Lunz , Austria ( USNM) ; 4 pupal exuviae, Shushary , Leningrad Province, Russia, 29-V-1997 ( ZIN) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Strelna , Leningrad Province, Russia, 12-V-2002 ( ZIN) . B. bivittata : 3 pupal exuviae, Salisbury , Wicomico County, Maryland, USA, 4-V-1981 ( WLGC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 13-IV-1981 ( WLGC) . B. blantoni : 2 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Escobar , Buenos Aires, Argentina, 10-I-1982 ( MPLA) . B. brevicornis : 1 pupal exuviae, Magdalena , Buenos Aires, Argentina, 24-XII-1981 ( MPLA) . B. bromeliae : 2 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Bayano Field Station , Panama Province, Panama, VI-1976 ( MPLA) . B. circumdata : 3 pupal exuviae, Black Lake , Stanleyville, Ontario, Canada, 24-VI-1975 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 25-VI-1975 ( USNM) ; 4 pupal exuviae, Rotmoos on Mittersee , Lower Austria, Austria, 10-VI-1942 ( ZSMC) ; 1 pupa, 5 pupal exuviae, Grosser Plöner See , Slesvig-Holstein, Germany, summer 1952 ( ZSMC) ; 2 pupa, 5 pupal exuviae, kerosene port on Dortmund-Ems canal, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 28-VII-1908 ( ZSMC) ; 1 pupa, 3 pupal exuviae, Germany ( ZSMC) ; 4 pupal exuviae, Vyborg , Leningrad Province, Russia, 27-VII-1998 ( ZIN) . B. cockerelli : 1 pupal exuviae, Valdez , Alaska, USA, 1948 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Bainville , Roosevelt County, Montana, USA, 9-VI-1969 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Trails Pond , Latah County, Idaho, USA, 22-VII-1969 ( USNM) ; 5 pupal exuviae, 4 mi N of Upham , McHenry County, North Dakota, USA, 5-VI-1969 (4 USNM, 1 VPIC) . B. collessi : 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Singapore, 10-IX-1952 ( USNM) ; 3 pupal exuviae (of paratypes), as previous locality, 28-VIII-1952 ( USNM) . B. dorsasetula : 2 pupal exuviae, College Park , Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, 30-V-1975 ( USNM) , 1 pupal exuviae, no locality, 6-V-1977 ( VPIC) . B. fascispinosa : 1 pupal exuviae, Lakeland Pond , College Park, Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, 30-V-1975 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Beaver Lake Reservoir, Pocahontas State Park, Chesterfield County, Virginia, USA, 30-IV-1977 ( VPIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Iron Spring , Elliot Know, Augusta County, Virginia, USA, 22-17-1977 ( VPIC) . B. flavicornis : 1 pupal exuviae, Priluki , Belarus, 17-V-1967 ( ZIN) . B. flavicorporis : 1 pupal exuviae, Loutpan , Transvaal, South Africa, 10-I-1974 ( NMSA) . B. gibbera : 1 pupal exuviae, Dismal Swamp , Camden County, North Carolina, USA, 25-III-1976 ( VPIC) . B. glabra : 2 pupal exuviae, Morgan Arboretum , St. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, 1964 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, 1 mi. S of Corapeake, Dismal Swamp , Camden County, North Carolina, USA, 29-VII-1976 ( VPIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Keowee Reserve , Seneca , Oconee County, South Colorado, USA, 2-V-1975 ( VPIC) . B. japonica : 1 pupal exuviae, Suputinka river , Ussuri Nature Reserve, Primorskii Territory, Russia, 30-V-1973 ( ZIN) . B. kuhetiensis : 1 pupal exuviae, Issyk-Kul lake , Kyrgyzstan, 16-VI-1971 ( ZIN) . B. laciniastyla : 1 pupal exuviae, Jackson River , approx. 10 mi. upriver from Covington, Natural Well, Allegheny County, Virginia, USA, 4-VI-1977 ( VPIC) . B. leucogaster : 4 pupal exuviae, shore of Lottsee SE of Mölln, Slesvig-Holstein, Germany, 16-V-1926 ( ZSMC) , 2 pupal exuviae, shore of Kirchsee , Preetz (between Kiel and Plön), Slesvig-Holstein, Germany, 11-VII1918 ( ZSMC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Severskii Donets River , Donetsk Province, Ukraine, 5-V-1970 ( ZIN) . B. narynica : 1 pupal exuviae, Issyk-Kul lake , Kyrgyzstan, 24-V-1971 ( ZIN) . B. nigrita : 1 pupal exuviae, Severskii Donets River , Donetsk Province, Ukraine, 5-V-1970 ( ZIN) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Malinovka , Donetsk Province, Ukraine, 8-V-1970 ( ZIN) . B. nobilis : 1 pupal exuviae, 7 km S of Hope , BC, Canada, 8–9-VII-1985 ( CNCI) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Beaver Creek , Lawrence County, South Dakota, USA, 15-VI-1969 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Cow Neck Salt Marsh , North Sea, New York, USA, 19-IV-1956 ( NYSM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 17-IV-1956 ( NYSM) ; 4 pupal exuviae, Fishing Creek , Newcomb, New York, USA, 28-V-1958 ( NYSM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Port Leyden , New York, USA, 4-VII-1959 ( USNM) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Letchworth State Park , New York, USA, 13-VI-1963 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Refuge , Maryland, USA, 8-V-1958 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Vepco Property , Louisa County, Virginia, USA, 12-IX-1976 ( VPIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Washburn County, Wisconsin, USA, 1-IX-1951 ( VPIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Vepco Property , Louisa County, Virginia, USA, 12-IX-1976 ( VPIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Great Swamp , Isle of Wight County, Virginia, USA, 2-VIII- 1976 ( VPIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Cranberry Glade , Pocahontas County, Virginia, USA, 8-IX-1976 ( VPIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Norfolk Gardens , Norfolk County, Virginia, USA, 1-VIII-1976 ( VPIC) . 1 pupal exuviae, no locality/date ( VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Pecan Springs , Devils River, Juno, Texas, USA ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Baton Rouge , Louisiana, USA, 4-III-1947 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Beloe lake , Alol’, Pskov Province, Russia, 27-VI-1969 ( ZIN) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Beloe lake , Alol’, Pskov Province, Russia, 5-VII-1969 ( ZIN) . B. obelisca : 2 pupal exuviae, Mer Bleue , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 27-V-1960 ( USNM) ; 2 pupal exuviae, McLean Reserve , Tompkins County, New York, USA, 18-VI-1963 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, edge of Big Glade , Cranberry Glades Botanical Area, Pocahontas County, Virginia, USA, 6-IX-1976 ( VPIC) . B. perplexa : 1 pupal exuviae, Millpond Creek , North Anna Resrvoir, Louisa County, Virginia, USA, 1-III-1977 ( VPIC) . B. pulchripes : 2 pupal exuviae, Mission Rio Cururu Igarape , Brazil, 4-V-1941 ( SDEI) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Mocoreta , Corrientes, Argentina, 21-III-1985 ( MPLA) . B. roldani : 2 pupal exuviae, no locality, 20-VIII-1979 ( MPLA) . B. saileri : 1 pupal exuviae (of paratype), Fire Lake , Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 29-V-1948 ( USNM) . B. signata : 1 pupal exuviae, Luchevoi , Republic of Karelia, Russia, 14-VI-1966 ( ZIN) . B. sordida : 1 pupal exuviae, Olerna , Marin County, California, USA, 22-II-1947 ( USNM) . B. turkmenica : 1 pupal exuviae, Hodzhaz-Kala bay , Kyzyl-Arvat Province, Turkmenistan, 18-IV-1972 ( ZIN) . B. uncistyla : 2 pupal exuviae, 5 km E of Danby , Vermont, USA, 25-VI-1986 ( CNCI) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 25–26-VI-1986 ( CNCI) . B. varicolor : 1 pupal exuviae, Rideau River , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 29-V-1960 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Temescal , Berkeley, California, USA, 1-V-1948 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Tomahawk at Kemp Biological Station, Oneida County, Wisconsin, USA, 20-VII-1978 ( USNM) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Bar Lake , Benzie County, Michigan, USA, 8-VIII-1975 ( VPIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae (of topotype), Mill Creek Brook, Noyack, New York, USA, 6-V-1057 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Slaterville Spr. , New York, USA, 12- VI-1964 ( VPIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Lakeland Pond , College Park, Prince George’s County, Maryland, USA, 24-IV- 1977 ( VPIC) . B. nr. bicolor : 1 pupal exuviae, no locality, 30-V-1953 ( USNM) . B. nr. nobilis : 1 pupal exuviae, Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge , Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA, 30-VIII-1975 ( VPIC) . B. nr. obelisca : 1 pupal exuviae, Mer Bleue , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 27-V-1960 ( USNM) ; 2 pupal exuviae, no data ( USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Mer Bleue , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 27-V-1960 ( VPIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Big Glade , Cranberry Glade Botanical Area, Pocahontas County, Virginia, USA, 8-IX-1976 ( VPIC) . B. nr. pruinosa : 1 pupal exuviae, no locality, 12-V-1953 ( USNM) . B. nr. varicolor : 1 pupal exuviae, W flank of Salt Pond Mountain , Giles County, Virginia, USA, 14-VII-1977 ( VPIC) . B. sp.: 2 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), 12 pupal exuviae, Bolean Lake , 6 km NE of Falkland, British Columbia, Canada, 12-13-VII-1989 ( CNCI) ; 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), Spanish Lake , 6 km E of Falkland, 50°29.12N 119°28.07W, British Columbia, Canada, 27–28-V-2008 ( CNCI) GoogleMaps ; 4 pupal exuviae, 3 km E of Salmon Arm , British Columbia, Canada, 9-VI-1988 ( CNCI) ; 9 pupal exuviae, 6 km E of Salmon Arm , British Columbia, Canada, 6-VI-1990 ( CNCI) ; 5 pupal exuviae, 9 km S of Salmon Arm , British Columbia, Canada, 19-VII-1988 ( CNCI) ; 2 pupal exuviae, 8 km E of Sicamous , British Columbia, Canada, 1-VI-1992 ( CNCI) ; 2 pupal exuviae, 6.5 km NW of Enderby , British Columbia, Canada, 6-V-1992 ( CNCI) ; 4 pupal exuviae, 30 km N of Nakusp , British Columbia, Canada, 5-VII-1990 ( CNCI) ; 4 pupal exuviae, 20 km E of Anola , Manitoba, Canada, 16-VI-1990 ( CNCI) ; 3 pupal exuviae, Trail Bay , Manitoba, Canada ( CNCI) ; 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin), 1 mi. E of Orleans , Ontario, Canada, 8-VII-1971 ( CNCI) ; 1 pupal exuviae, 6 km N of Eardlay , Quebec, Canada, 15-V-1986 ( CNCI) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Fire Lake , Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 29-V-1948 ( USNM) ; 5 pupal exuviae, 9 km W of Okanogan , Washington, USA, 13-VI-2008 ( CNCI) ; 9 pupal exuviae, High Creek Fen Preserve , 9 mi S of Fairplay Park, Colorado, USA, 18-VI-1995 ( CNCI) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Blue Mountain Lake , New York, USA, 30-VI-1958 ( WLGC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Ringwood Pond , Dryden, New York, USA, 7-III-1933 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Keowee Reserve , Seneca, Ocouee County, South Carolina, USA, 16-V-1974 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, USA, 16-VII-1974 ( USNM) ; 1 pupal exuviae, 8 km W of Atenas , Costa Rica, 19-VIII-1993 ( CNCI) ; 2 pupal exuviae, carreterra entre Santa Cecilia y Upala, 1.6 km N.O. de BVirmania, Dos Rios, Upala , Alejuela, Costa Rica, 16-X-2006 ( INBC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Barro Colorado Island , Canal Zone, Panama, 24-VI- 1996 ( CNCI) ; 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 31-X-1995 ( CNCI) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 30- VI-1996 ( CNCI) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 10-IX-1995 ( CNCI) ; 3 pupae, Lerchenauer See , Germany, 26-VII-1990, 27-VII-1990, 2-VIII-22-IX-1990 ( CNCI) ; 1 pupa, Chiemsee , Germany, 13-VIII-1990 ; 1 pupa, 1 pupal exuviae, Bottsand nr. Stein, Germany, 5-VI-1932 ( ZSMC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Darban , Western Australia, Australia, 28-X-1986 ( ANIC) ; 9 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 28-X-1985 ( ANIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, 5 km N of Darban , Western Australia, Australia, 29-X-1985 ( ANIC) ; 3 pupal exuviae, Roper River Mission, Northern Territory, Australia, 8-XI-1956 ( ANIC) ; 3 pupal exuviae, Humpty Doo , Northern Territory, Australia, V-1957 ( ANIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Dayboro , Queensland, Australia, 10-VII-1951 ( ANIC) ; 10 pupal exuviae, Nattai River , Mittagong, New South Wales, Australia, 4-XI-1964 ( ANIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 15-XI-1968 ( ANIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Gap Creek , The Crags, Mittagong, New South Wales, Australia, 10-II-1966 ( ANIC) ; 5 pupal exuviae, Damin clearing, The Crags, Mittagong, New South Wales, Australia, 9-II-1966 ( ANIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Deep Creek , Nanasheen, New South Wales, Australia, 7-XII-1956 ( ANIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 25-XI-1956 ( ANIC) ; 21 pupal exuviae, Middle Creek , New South Wales, Australia, 8-II-1966 ( ANIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Colo Vale , New South Wales, Australia, 16-X-1956 ( ANIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Hornsby , New South Wales, Australia, 18-XI-1969 ( ANIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality, 25-X-1956 ( ANIC) ; 2 pupal exuviae, Nepean River , Menangle, New South Wales, Australia, 9-XII-1968 ( ANIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Griffith , New South Wales, Australia, 16-XI-1956 ( ANIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, Moruya River , Merricumbene Creek, New South Wales, Australia, 2-III-1964 ( ANIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, McCarrs Creek , New South Wales, Australia, 14-I-1969 ( ANIC) ; 1 pupal exuviae, no locality, 14-I-1937 ( SAIM) .

NMSA

KwaZulu-Natal Museum

ZIN

Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum

ZSMC

Zoologische Staatssammlung

USNM

Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History

CNCI

Canadian National Collection Insects

NYSM

New York State Museum

INBC

Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio)

ANIC

Australian National Insect Collection

SAIM

South African Institute for Medical Research

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Diptera

Family

Ceratopogonidae

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