Calisto bahoruco Pérez

Hausmann, Axel, 2017, A new species of the hysius species-group of Calisto Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) and insights into the status of different populations currently attributed to C. grannus Bates, Zootaxa 4317 (1), pp. 1-44 : 3-6

Calisto bahoruco Pérez –Asso, Núñez & Genaro, new species

Figures 1–6 , 9–10

Diagnosis. Calisto bahoruco n. sp. requires comparison with its closest relative C. hysius . Both have a similar color pattern but differ in several characters. Average FWL is smaller in C. bahoruco , 15 mm in males (n=5) and 16.8 mm females (n=5), than in C. hysius , 16.5 mm in males (n=7), 18.3 mm in females (n=4). Ocelli are distinctly larger in C. bahoruco with a median of the ratio ocellus largest diameter/wing length of 0.20 at FW and 0.18 at HW. Values in C. hysius are 0.17 and 0.14 at FW and HW respectively. Wing pattern of C. bahoruco shows a darker background on the under surface, the discal of the HW is straighter and smooth, the overall pale scaling on the distal edge of lines is much more contrasting compared to the equivalent in C. hysius which shows a paler ground colour, less contrasting distal edges of lines and the discal line more irregular than that in C. bahoruco . Genitalia are very similar in both sexes, however, the tegumen of C. hysius male broadly protrudes backwards compared to that of C. bahoruco ( Figs. 13, 14 ), and in addition the male structure of the latter is notably more sclerotized ( Fig. 13 ). The minimum pairwise K2P genetic distance among C. bahoruco n. sp. and a representative of the hysius group is to C. hysius , 2.3%, with intraspecific genetic distances averaging 0.14 and 0.05% respectively (Table 2). Comparison of COI barcodes belonging to both species showed C. hysius has a cytosine at positions 187 and 517, characters absent from any other hysius group member including C. bahoruco n. sp. (Table 3). The barcode of the latter species bears a thymine at position 220 whereas C. hysius possesses cytosine. However, this character is not exclusive since it is present in two sequences of C. batesi , all remaining 207 analyzed sequences bear a cytosine in that position. Additional non exclusive nucleotide positions distinguishing the COI barcodes of both species are mentioned in the Species delimitation methods section.

Description. Male ( Figs 1–4 ): FWL 14.2–16.2 mm. Upper surface blackish brown, FW with triangular androconial patch from base to the cell on the area below the latter. Underside dark brown, paler beyond the post discal line on the FW. Discal cell with a red spot outwardly edged by a transverse blackish brown line. FW post discal line with a narrow pale yellow band on its outer edge. FW ocellus moderately large, circular, with two white pupils and edged below by a red spot. HW dark brown, background color formed by a mix of dark brown and pale yellow scales. HW discal line moderately straight outwardly edged by a narrow but distinctive band of white scales. HW ocellus elliptical, with a single basal white pupil and a trace of white scales along its larger axis; area around external ring rusty colored. Area above ocellus with four tiny white dots being the one at Sc–Rs interspace the smaller. Post discal and subterminal lines edged by pale yellow contrasting scales on the outer and inner sides respectively.

Genitalia ( Fig. 13 ). As illustrated.

Female ( Figs 5, 6 ): FWL 15.7–17.9 mm. Similar to male except: Upperside of wings brown, outer half of wings paler. Outer third of the four wings with a rusty spot at central position.

Genitalia ( Fig. 15 ). As illustrated.

HOLOTYPE. Male. Villa Nizao, Paraíso , Barahona, República Dominicana, 5–VIII–2014, A. R. Pérez – Asso & A. López coll., DNA voucher code JAGWI –1018 (VGRC).

PARATYPES. 4♂, 5♀, same data as holotype except DNA voucher codes JAGWI–1015, 1016, 1018, R–114, R–115 (VGRC). Genitalia slide preparations ♂: Rh1745, Rh1752, and ♀: Rh1747 (ZSM).

Distribution ( Fig. 17 ). Only known from the type locality, Villa Nizao, Barahona province, at the foothills of eastern extreme of Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. Apparently the species also inhabits several localities around the type locality, all at Barahona province (see Discussion).

Natural history. Unknown. The type series was collected only at the type locality, a secondary mesic forest mixed with coffee plantations.

Comparative examined material. Calisto hysius :

Type. Satyrus hyisus 68, Godart (RSM). Reviewed through pictures available at Butterflies of America website (Warren et al. 2015).

Additional material (9♂, 4♀): camino de Los Arroyos a Ojo de Agua, Pedernales, República Dominicana, 28– VII–2010, A. López, A. R. Pérez –Asso & J. A. Genaro colls., DNA voucher codes WI–JAG–493–497 (5 ♂) . Same data as anterior except July 2010, J. A. Genaro & A. R. Pérez – Asso colls., DNA voucher code WI–JAG–549 (♂) . El Aguacate , 1055 m, pinar, Sierra de Bahoruco, Pedernales, República Dominicana, 9–Jun–2011, A. López & A. R. Pérez – Asso colls. (3 ♀) . Zapoten , 1545 m, pinar, Sierra de Bahoruco, Pedernales, República Dominicana, 11– Jun–2011, A. López & A. R. Pérez – Asso colls. (1 ♂, 1 ♀) . Las Abejas , pinar–latifoliado, PN Sierra de Bahoruco, Pedernales, República Dominicana, 20–11–2011, A. R. Pérez – Asso & A. López colls. (2 ♂) . ( VGRC). Genitalia slide preparations ♂: Rh 1743, Rh 1746, and ♀: Rh1739, Rh1744 ( ZSM).

Figures

FIGURE 17. Geographic distribution of the hysius species group of Calisto. Black rhombus—type locality of C. bahoruco, new species; question marks—potential distribution of C. bahoruco following information by Schwartz (1989) and Warren et al. (2015); white rhombus—type locality of C. hysius, after Johnson & Hedges (1998); white circles—distribution of C. hysius, after Schwartz (1989).

FIGURES 1 – 8. Adults of the hysius species group of Calisto. 1 – 2 C. bahoruco new species, male holotype, Villa Nizao, Paraíso, Barahona, República Dominicana: 1 — upper surface, 2 — under surface. 3 – 4 C. bahoruco new species, male paratype, same data: 3 — upper surface, 4 — under surface. 5 – 6 C. bahoruco new species, female paratype, same data: 5 — upper surface, 6 — under surface. 7 – 8 Under surface C. hysius, Los Arroyos, Pedernales, Sierra de Bahoruco, República Dominicana: 7 — male, 8 — female. Scale bar 10 mm. Pictures by Antonio R. Pérez – Asso.

FIGURES 9 – 12. Living adults of the hysius species group of Calisto. 9 – 10 C. bahoruco new species, Villa Nizao, Paraíso, Barahona, República Dominicana. 11 – 12 C. hysius, Los Arroyos, Pedernales, Sierra de Bahoruco, República Dominicana. Pictures by Pérez – Asso.

FIGURES 13 – 14. Male genitalia of the hysius species group of Calisto, lateral view 13 — C. bahoruco, new species. 14 — C. hysius. Scale bar 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 15 – 16. Female genitalia of the hysius species group of Calisto, ventral view. 15 — C. bahoruco, new species. 16 — C. hysius. Scale bar 1 mm.