Dryophthoridae

Anderson, Robert S., 2002, The Dryophthoridae of Costa Rica and Panama: Checklist with keys, new synonymy and descriptions of new species of Cactophagus, Mesocordylus, Metamasius and Rhodobaenus (Coleoptera; Curculionoidea), Zootaxa 80, pp. 1-94 : 11-13

Key to subfamilies, tribes and genera of Dryophthoridae in Costa Rica and Panama

1 Antennal funicle of four articles; tarsus of five distinct articles; size small, total body length less than 4 mm ...................................................................................................... ..................... Dryophthorinae …... Dryophthorus Germar and Stenommatus Wollaston 4

­ Antennal funicle of six articles; tarsus of five articles, but article 4 small and difficult to see at base of article 3; size small to large, total body length greater than 3 mm and generally greater than 10 mm ........................................................................................ 2

2 Front coxae contiguous; anterior margin of pronotum with postocular lobe; pygidium largely covered by elytra; tarsus with article 3 subequal in width to article 2; mandibles triangular, directed anteriorly and with inner edge lacking teeth ............................ ...............................................................................Orthognathinae, Orthognathini......3

­ Front coxae distinctly (but in some taxa, narrowly) separated; anterior margin of pronotum straight behind eye; pygidium broadly exposed beyond elytra (most) or largely covered by elytra (few); tarsus with article 3 noticeably wider than article 2

4 The genera Dryophthorus and Stenommatus are not treated herein but are under study by Charles W. O'Brien and Giuseppe Osella.

and generally bilobed or occasionally subequal in width to article 2; mandibles variously shaped .................................................................................................................. 4

3 Front tibia with outer apical angle produced anterolaterally to a sharp or narrowly rounded angle; middle and hind legs robust, tibiae much wider at apex than at base, fossorial in form ..................................................................... Orthognathus Schoenherr (1 species; O. subparallelus (Chevrolat))

­ Front tibia with outer apical angle not produced anterolaterally, broadly rounded; middle and hind legs long and narrow, tibiae with apex and base subequal in width or with apex slightly wider than base, not fossorial in form .............. Mesocordylus Lacordaire (11 species)

4 Size small, total body length less than 5 mm; tibia with distinct subapical tooth at inner angle in addition to larger tooth at outer angle.............................................................. 5

­ Size small to large, total body length greater than 5 mm and generally greater than 10 mm; tibia with either a small rounded subapical swelling (most) or sharp subapical tooth (few) at inner angle in addition to larger tooth at outer angle.............................. 6

5 Rostrum straight, in lateral view with base continuous with head; eyes clearly visible in dorsal view ............ Rhynchophorinae , Litosomini (part) ....... Sitophilus Schoenherr (3 species)

­ Rostrum curved ventrally, in lateral view separated from head by basal constriction; eyes not or barely visible in dorsal view ......................................................................... ............................................................... Rhynchophorinae , Polytini …... Polytus Faust (1 species; P. mellerborgii (Boheman))

6 Mandibles large, divaricate, divergent, with distinct teeth on outer edge; outer face concave medially; pygidium largely covered by elytra................................................... .........................................Orthognathinae, Rhinostomini ...... Rhinostomus Rafinesque (2 species)

­ Mandibles small, convergent and occluding medially, with inner margins distinctly toothed (most); or, elongate subtriangular, with inner margins parallel­sided and lacking teeth, not touching medially (few); pygidium broadly exposed beyond elytra....... 7

7 Size very large, total body length greater than 25 mm; metepisternum very broad, length more or less 2 times width................. Rhynchophorinae , Rhynchophorini …... 8

­ Size small to large, total body length greater than 5 mm but usually less than 25 mm; metepisternum narrow, length 3 or more times width................................................... 9

8 Scutellum large, with elongate apical extension; front and middle femora more or less straight ....... ................................................................................ Rhynchophorus Herbst (1 species; R. palmarum (Linnaeus))

­ Scutellum small, apically acuminate but not extended; front and middle femora curved................................................................................................ Dynamis Chevrolat (2 species)

9 Rostrum extremely long and slender, as long as pronotum and elytra combined; man­

dibles elongate subtriangular, with inner margins parallel­sided and lacking teeth, not touching medially; antennal club with slender, stalk­like basal article, width at apex of article 3­4 times width at base; legs long and slender..................................................... ...................................... Rhynchophorinae , Litosomini (part)…. Toxorhinus Lacordaire (2 species) ­ Rostrum short and robust to long and slender, but shorter than pronotum and elytra combined; mandibles small, convergent and occluding medially, with inner margins distinctly toothed; antennal club with width at apex of glabrous basal article less than 3 times width at base; legs robust................................................................................... 10

10 Body cylindrical; pronotum very slightly shorter than elytra; middle and hind tibiae short, straight, slightly shorter than combined length of tarsal articles 1­4; tibial apices with three distinct apical projections, two (one long, one short) at inner angle, one (short) at outer angle; elytra with distinct long erect setae; interval 2 densely pilose throughout most of length ............................................................................................... ................... Rhynchophorinae , Sphenophorini (part)…... Alloscolytoproctus Hustache (1 species; A. peruanus Hustache )

­ Body somewhat to markedly dorsoventrally compressed; pronotum distinctly shorter than elytra; middle and hind tibiae long, straight or curved, longer than combined length of tarsal articles 1­4; tibial apices with single tooth at inner angle (in some also with small rounded subapical swelling); elytra without long erect setae; no intervals densely pilose .............................................................................................................. 11

11 Scutellum (exposed portion) widest at or near middle, shape rhomboidal or subcircular, more or less as long as wide................. Rhynchophorinae , Litosomini (part)…...12

­ Scutellum (exposed portion) widest at or near base, shape triangular or subtriangular, generally longer than wide ................... Rhynchophorinae , Sphenophorini (part)…...16

12 Rostrum markedly laterally compressed in at least apical one­half; body flat, maximum width greater than 1.35 times depth ....................................... Melchus Lacordaire (1 species; Melchus new species 1 Anderson5)

­ Rostrum more or less cylindrical, not laterally compressed; body thicker, maximum width less than 1.35 times depth ................................................................................. 13

13 Elytra with scattered concentrations (nodules) of short erect setae, in some cases surrounded by dense micropilosity .................................................................................. 14

­ Elytra glabrous or with at most scattered, sparse setae or scales ................................ 15