Xenomerus ergenna Walker, 1836

Mikó, I., Masner, L. & Deans, A. R., 2010, World revision of Xenomerus Walker (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea, Platygastridae) 2708, Zootaxa 2708, pp. 1-73 : 23-25

Xenomerus ergenna Walker, 1836

Figures 17, 20, 22, 25, 112

Xenomerus Ergenna Walker, 1836: 365 . (original description, figured, keyed); Walker, 1874: 7.; Kieffer 1912: 111.

(description). Xenomerus ergenna: Kieffer, 1926: 174 . (description); Szabó, 1966 90. (description of ♂ and ♀); Kozlov, 1978: 628.

(keyed); Bin, 1983: 185. (description of ♂); Kononova and Kozlov 2001: 338, 339 (description, keyed). Teleas Medon Walker, 1836: 364 . (original description); Brues, 1908. (junior synonym of Xenomerus ergenna ); Graham,

1984: 91. (junior synonym of Xenomerus ergenna Walker ). Teleas (Xenomerus) ergenna: Blanchard, 1840: 290 ., not seen: reference from Johnson (1992). Xenomeris (Xenomeris) ergenna: Hellén, 1971: 15 . (description, subgeneric assignment, keyed). Xenomeris (Niteogryon) medon: Hellén, 1971: 15 , 16. (description, subgeneric assignment, keyed). Trimorus curtum: Kononova & Petrov, 1999: 21 . NEW SYNONYMY (original description); Kononova and Kozlov 2001

(description, keyed)

FEMALE (n=25): Length= 0.65–0.91 mm (m=0.82, SD =0.11).

Dark brown to light brown; radicle, trochanters, A1 proximally, A2 distally, maxillary palp, all tarsomeres and tibiae apically usually lighter.

FCI =1.25–1.38 (m=1.31, SD =0.04); LCI =1.51–1.60 (m=1.56, SD =0.03); HW/IOS =1.50–1.56 (m=1.52, SD =0.02); head less than 1.5 times as wide as mesosoma (HW/TSL = 1.29–1.38, m=1.33, SD =0.03); facial striae not reaching midlevel of eye along inner orbit, exceeding frontal patch; frontal patch distinct; frons setae sparse, thin; central keel incomplete, sometimes reaching eye midlevel; POL more than two times as long as OOL (POL/OOL =2.00–2.11, m=2.06, SD =0.05); OOL nearly equal LOL (OOL/LOL =0.95–1.00, m=0.99, SD =0.02); hyperoccipital carina present, sharp, not extending to orbit, in some South African specimens blunt; vertex patch present; genal patch present, not merging with vertex sculpture; A1 less than 4 times as long as radicle (A1/r =3.40–3.62, m=3.52, SD =0.09), almost equal to clava (A1/cl =0.89–0.96, m=0.92, SD =0.03).

Epomial carina absent, cervical pronotal area smooth, with sparse setae; lateral pronotal area with few crenulae above pronotal ventral projection; netrion sulcus complete; netrion striation not extending onto lateral pronotal area; pronotal suprahumeral and cervical sulci not foveolate; mesoscutum about 1.5 times as wide as long (TSL/ML =1.50–1.56, m=1.53, SD =0.02); notaulus elongate, almost reaching anterior margin of mesoscutum, distance between posterior end of notauli nearly two times as long as the distance between posterior end of notaulus and posterolateral edge of mesoscutum; reticulate sculpture of mesoscutum not extending to lateral notaular area, not reaching posterior margin of mesoscutum on internotaular area; mesoscutellum more than 2 times as wide as long (SW/SL =2.16–2.26, m=2.21, SD =0.05); scuto-scutellar sulcus strongly reduced medially, 5–6 times as wide laterally as in the middle; mesoscutellum smooth, with sparse marginal setae; posterior scutellar sulcus not extending onto axillula; sternaulus not separated from anterior row of foveae of mesopleural carina; mesopleural carina incomplete, diminishing above the dorsal part of postacetabular sulcus; sulcus along metapleural carina foveolate; metascutellum triangular, entirely striated, without triangular, semitransparent lamella apically; propodeal lateral carinae inverted V-shaped, shafts straight; propodeal lateral area bare, plical area with few setae along lateral margin, marginal striation not extending medially; posterior propodeal projection indistinct; fore wing almost as wide as mesoscutum (TSL/WW =0.83–1.00, m=0.89, SD =0.09); marginal vein less than 4 times as long as stigmal vein (m/ st = 3.32–3.45 m =3.36, SD =0.08); hind wing less than two times as wide as marginal cilia length (HWW/ HWS = 1.66–1.85 m =1.77, SD =0.07).

T1 1.5–2 times as wide as T1+T2 length (T1W/T1+T2L =1.68–2.00, m=1.98, SD =0.11); T3 more than 1.5 times as wide as long (T3W/T3L=1.78–1.93, m=1.87, SD =0.04), more than 1.2 times as wide as mesoscutum (T3W/TSL =1.14–1.23, m=1.21, SD =0.04); costae on T3 not reaching 1/5 tergum; lateral patches absent; diameter of oblique posterior patch of T3 4 times as long as wide, length nearly equal to width of 7–8 basal depression, in some South African specimens strongly reduced, not longer than width of 2–3 basal depressions; lateral and median patches on T4 present, not fused.

MALE (n=10): length= 0.82–0.89 mm (m=0.85, SD =0.02); FCI =1.41–1.53, (m=1.46, SD =0.04); LCI =1.44–1.57, (m=1.50, SD =0.04); HW/IOS =1.46–1.58 (m=1.51, SD =0.03); HW/TSL =1.28–1.39 (m=1.33, SD =0.04); facial striae exceeding eye midlevel; POL/OOL =1.90–2.16 (m=2.04, SD =0.07); OOL/ LOL =1.00–1.14 (m=1.03, SD =0.05); A1/r =2.17–3.12 (m=2.96, SD =0.12); A5 modified; A7–A11 unibottled; TSL/ML =1.34–1.45 (m=1.40, SD =0.04); SW/SL =2.12–2.33 (m=2.22, SD =0.12); TSL/WW =0.64–0.78 (m=0.73, SD =0.03); m/st =3.58–3.75 (m=3.67, SD =0.07); HWW/HWS =1.80–2.00 (m=1.89, SD =0.05); T1W/T1+T2L =1.56–1.70, (m=1.62, SD =0.06); T3W/TSL =0.94–1.11 (m=1.03, SD =0.05.); in smaller specimens patches on T4 reduced and marked by punctures.

Diagnosis. Differing from other members of ergenna group by POL two times as long as OOL, presence of hyperoccipital carina, vertex unsculptured posterior to hyperoccipital carina, wide fore and hind wings, extended posterior patch on T3.

Material examined. BELGIUM: Wallonia, French Community , Wallon Brabant, Ottignies , 23– 28.VIII.1980, P.Dessart, 1♂ ; 11–18.VII.1981, 2♂; 18–25.VII.1981, 3♂; 05–12.IX.1981, 1♂; 05–12.VI.1982, 4♂; 29.V–05.VII.1982, 5♂; 19–26.VI.1982, 1♂; 10–17.VII.1982, 6♂; 17–24.VII.1982, 5♂; 24–31.VII.1982, 5♂; 27.VII–03.VIII.1982, 1♂; 31.VII–14.VIII.1982, 4♂; 30.X–06.XI.1982, 2♂; 01–08.VII.1983, 3♂; 09– 16.VII.1983, 2♂; 16–23.1983, 2♂. BULGARIA: Gabrovo Province, Tryavna Municipality , Maglish, T. Lubomirov, MT, 1♀ ; Blagoevgrad Province, Bansko Municipality, Mesta , 25.V.1987, S.Petrov (original det. label of PT: Trimorus curtum K.K.), 1♀ ; Stara Planina , 19.VIII.1987. S.Petrov (original det. label of HT: Trimorus curtum K.K.), 1♀ . CZECH REPUBLIC: Central Bohemian Region, Prague East District, Hlavenec, Boleslaw , 05.V.1961, V.Martinek, 1♀ ; Moravia, Javorina , 800–900m, 10.VIII.1991, L.Masner, SS, climax eufagion forest, 1♂ ; Slapy env, 22.VIII.1999, L.Masner, YPT, 1♀ . GREECE: West Macedonia Region (Periphery) , Grevena Prefecture, Prionia , 26.VIII.1993, S.Petrov, 1♀ . FRANCE: Seine-et-Marne, Chertrettes , 04.VI.1950, C.Granger, 1♀ ; Herault Department, Cournonsec , 07.III.1978, J.T.Huber, 1♂ ; Herault Department, Santcyrargues , 11.V.1980, J.T.Huber, 1♂ ; Lagorce departement, Ardéche commune, Sigaud , 03.V.1997, J.Lenterols, MT, 1♀ . HUNGARY: Somogy county, Zamárdi-Felső , 07.IX.1953 . INDIA: Tamil Nadu state, Dindigul district, Kodaikanal Taluk, Shembaganur , X.1979, J.S.Noyes, 1♂ ; West Bengal State, Darjeling District, Ghum ( Senchal Res. Forest ), 2200m, No. 340, 10.IV.1967, Topal, 2♀ . IRELAND:, 1♀ (original det label: “B.M. TYPE HYM 9.906, Teleas medon, Stood under this name in old B. M. Collection (Rearranged 1928 J. W.)”) ; Co . Wicklow, Blessington, Russelstown Park , 08.IX.1995., V.Fursov, 1♀ original det label: “ Paratype Trimorus curtum K.K.”). JAPAN: Aichi Prefecture, Shitara-shi, Uradani , 900, 15.VIII.2004, V.Fursov, 3♀, 3♂ ; Aichi, Shitara, Uradani , 900m, 23–29.V.1994, K.Yamagishi, MT, beech forest, 1♂ ; 01–05.VI.1994, 2♂; 13–19.VI.1994, 1♂; 20–26.VI.1994, 1♂; 11–17.VII.1994, 6♂; 18– 24.VII.1994, 4♂; 25–31.VII.1994, 2♂, 2♀; Hokkaido Prefecture, Furano Exp. Forest , 43.25, 142.333, 500m, 09.VIII.1996, L.Masner, SS, (J-01), 1♂ ; Hokkaido Prefecture, Sapporo, Jozankei , 350m, 30.VI–11.VII.1989, K.Maeto & M.Sharkey, MT, 4♀ ; 20–31.VII.1989, 1♀; VIII.1989, 2♀; 10–21.VIII.1989, 3♀; Tochigi Prefecture, Ohnuma Lk, Shiobara , 1000m, 10.VIII.1989, M.J.Sharkey, sweeping, 1♀ ; Ehime Prefecture, Ishizuchi Mountain National Park , 11–18.VIII.1980, Tsuchigoya, 1400m, S.Peck, J.Peck, 1♂ . NETHERLANDS: North Brabant, Gemert-Bakel, De Rips , IX.1978, H.J.Vlug, MT, 1♀ ; North Brabant, Cuijk, Linden , 19.IX.1977, H.J.Vlug, 1♀ , Utrecht, Leersum , VII.1975, H.J.Vlug, Vinca, 1♀ ; VIII.1975, 1♀; X.1975, 5♀; Drenthe, Wijster, Biological Station , 28.V–04.VI.1976, K.vanAchterberg, 1♂ . PORTUGAL: Madeira, Curral des Romeiros , 15.V.1980, M.W.R.de V.Graham, 1♀ ; Joao do Prado , 26.VII.1982, M.W.R.deV. Graham, 1♀ ; Rabacal, (towards Risco ) 29.VII.1982, 1♂ . ROMANIA: Transylvania , Nord-Vest Region, Bihor Judetul (Bihar megye) Biharfüred ( Stana de Vale ), VIII.1907, L.Bíró, 1♀ . RUSSIA: Sakhalin Oblast, Kunashir Island, Yuznho-Kurilsk , 3.IV.1980, S.V.Kononova, 1♀ ; Kunashir, Tretjakova , 20.VIII.1980, S.V.Kononova, 1♀ ; Primorsky Krai, Vladivostok, Sedanka vicinities, 20.VII.1978, S.V.Kononova, 1♂ ; Svetlaja Poljana , 5.VI.1978, S.V.Kononova, 1♂ . SOUTH KOREA: Odaesan, Dongsan-li, near Woljeongsa , 19.VII– 18.VIII.2003, P.Tripotin, MT, in Korean fir forest, 1♂ . SWEDEN: Södermanland, Tyresta National Park , 5.VI–15.VII.2000, B.Viklund, L-O. Wikars & H.Ahnlund, MT, (Naturv. Verkets dok. Progr. Omr. 4. Malaise falla) 6♀ ; Södermanland, Dalarö, Malmen , VIII.1976, 1♀, 3♂ ; Skane County, Höör Municipality , 11.VI.1983, D. M.S. P.&J.F.P (B.M., 1983-414), 1♂ ; Oland, Stenasa, Stenasa camping, 01–07.VIII. 1986, N.Ryrholm, MT, grass lawn, Salix, Populus, 1♂ ; Uppsala, Hagadalen , 1–16.VIII.1990, F.Ronquist, MT, 2♂ ; 10–17.VIII.1990, 1♀; 4–16.IX.1990, 1♀; 16.IX–02.X.1990, 2♂, 2♀; Kaszab 1♀ . UKRAINE: Cherkaska region, Kanev Natural Reserve , meadows above main building, 04–05.VII.2004, S. Simutnik, 1♂ . UNITED KINGDOM: England, East Midlands , Northamptonshire Shire County, Spratton , VIII.1975, I.&P.Gauld, 1♂ ; England, North West England , Cheshire Ceremonial County, Abbots moss reserve, 21.IX–12.X.1990, D.Notton, MT, 11♀ ; 12.X.1990 – 10.I.1991, 6♀; England, North West England , Greater Manchester Ceremonial County, Manchester, X–XII.1984, N.Springate, 4♀ ; Surrey, Box Hill, (near Dorking ), 28.VIII.1982, E.Grisell, herbaceous vegetation, 1♀ ; Oxon, Emmer Green , 05.II.1994, D.G.Notton, 1♀ ; Suffolk, Santon Downham , 25.VI.1985, MT, D.G.Notton, 2♀ ; Medon , 1♀ . Depository of holotype is unknown .

Notes. The type specimen of Xenomerus ergenna is not available, presumably lost. On the original illustration from Walker (1836), however, the widened wings and the OOL/LOL ratio are distinct. In the Palaearctic region there is no other Xenomerus species having this character combination. Members of Xenomerus ergenna were reared from eggs of Dromius sp. ( Carabidae , Dromiini ) ( Bin, 1981). Szabo (1966) erected a the genus Niteogryon with type species Trimorus medon Walker and with a new species N. latimetascutum . Hellén (1971) synonimised Niteogryon with Xenomerus . Graham (1984) synonimised Trimorus medon with Xenomerus ergenna . The type specimen of Trimorus medon has well developed hyperoccipital carina, POL 2x as long as OOL, smooth area posterior to the hyperoccipital carina, wider fore wings and enlarged posterior patch on T3. Based on these character states T. medon is conspecific with X. ergenna . The type specimen of Niteogryon medon Szabo 1966 is most similar to Trimorus iphias Nixon 1936 whereas Trimorus latimetascutum comb. nov. is most similar if not conspecific with Trimorus clavicornis (Cameron 1912) .