Euphaea saola Phan & Hayashi, 2018

Phan, Quoc Toan, Kompier, Tom, Karube, Haruki & Hayashi, Fumio, 2018, A synopsis of the Euphaeidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) of Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species of Euphaea, Zootaxa 4375 (2), pp. 151-190 : 179-182

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7A4595B8-9FDF-41A9-9C39-A8A4A83FF302
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5985047
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C91F371-197F-4D4C-9258-446CEA8FAC1B
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:2C91F371-197F-4D4C-9258-446CEA8FAC1B
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Euphaea saola Phan & Hayashi
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Euphaea saola Phan & Hayashi View in CoL , sp. nov.

( Figs 14d View FIGURE 14 , 15a View FIGURE15 , 16e View FIGURE 16 , 18a–b, 18g View FIGURE 18 , 20a–d View FIGURE 20 )

Euphaea guerini View in CoL [nec. Rambur, 1842]: van Tol & Rozendaal (1995), p. 102 ( Fig. 20 View FIGURE 20 ) [Illustration of S9–10 of unspecified locality in Vietnam]; Karjalainen & Hämäläinen (2013), p. 202) [Photo of male from Lak Sao, Bolikhamxay Prov., Laos].

Holotype. ♂, A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-Hue Prov. , 18.IX.2015, Q.T. Phan and F. Hayashi leg. Deposited at Zoological Collection of Systematic Zoology Institute in Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan ( TMUZ). Male paratypes. 4♂, A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-Hue Prov., 18.IX.2015, Q.T. Phan, F. Hayashi and H. Karube leg. (FHC).

Female paratype. 1♀, A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-Hue Prov. , 18.IX.2015, F. Hayashi leg. (FHC). Other materials examined. [ Vietnam] 2♂, Quang Binh Prov. , VI.2016, T. Kompier leg. (TKC) ; Quang Tri Prov., VI.2016, T. Kompier leg. (TKC) ; Thua Thien-Hue Prov., VI.2016, T. Kompier leg. (TKC) ; 3♂ 1♀, A Luoi Nature Reserve, Thua Thien-Hue Prov., 18.IX.2015, F. Hayashi leg. (FHC) ; 3♂, Dong Giang District , Quang Nam Prov., 26.V.2015, Q.T. Phan leg. ( PQTC) ; 3♂ 1♀, Quang Nam Prov., 21.VI.2016, T. Kompier leg. (TKC) ; 1♂, Ba Na Nature Reserve , Da Nang city, 22.V.2017, Q.T. Phan leg. ( PQTC) ; 4♂ 1♀, Chu Mom Ray National Park , Kon Tum Prov., 22.V.2017, Q.T. Phan leg. ( PQTC) ; 10♂, Hon Ba Nature Reserve , Khanh Hoa Prov., 16.IV.2017, Q.T. Phan leg. ( PQTC) ; 4♂, Bach Ma National Park , Thua Thien-Hue Prov., 28.VI.2017, Q.T. Phan leg. ( PQTC) ; 8♂, Chu Yang Sin National Park , Dak Lak Prov., 30.IV.2017, Hoang Quang Duy leg. ( PQTC) .

Other materials confirmed by field observations. [ Vietnam] Some individuals, Bach Ma , Thua Thien-Hue Prov., 5–8.VIII.2016, T. Kompier.

Etymology. The specific name “ saola ” of this species is derived from the name of the bovid “Saola” ( Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander & MacKinnon, 1993 ). This is one of the world’s rarest large mammals, a forest-dwelling bovine found only in the Truong Son mountain range of Vietnam and Laos. The type locality of Euphaea saola sp. nov. is A Luoi Nature Reserve which is a part of the Saola Conservation Area, central Vietnam. The general distribution of the new species largely coincides with that of this extraordinary mammal.

Description of holotype. Head, prothorax, synthorax, and legs ( Fig. 20a View FIGURE 20 ). Entirely black excluding some narrow yellow stripes along the border of mesepimeron and metepisterum and on lower margin of metepimeron.

Wings ( Fig. 14d View FIGURE 14 ). Similar to those of E. guerini with most of FW area darkened, excluding the basal part of the wing (but covering all cells along the subcosta), and the apical one-sixth, although the apical margin of the FW is also darkened. HW are black with metallic blue covering a large part of their underside, and with metallic green on the upperside, as in E. guerini . FW has 28–29 Ax and 32–33 Px, and HW have 22–23 Ax and 35–37 Px. The cubital space has 2–3 crossveins in both wings.

Abdomen. Entirely black. Lateroventral margin of S3 and S7–8 with fine setae in addition to the tuft of long setae on the base of S9 like E. guerini ( Fig. 15a View FIGURE15 ). Dorsum of S10 raised into large carinal spine posteriorly and with a small hump near its anterior margin ( Fig. 20b View FIGURE 20 ).

Genital ligula. With two thick flagella, perpendicular to terminal segment as in Figure 20c View FIGURE 20 .

Anal appendages. Typical of the genus with cerci short and robust, paraprocts are very short, slightly curved upward ( Fig. 20b View FIGURE 20 ).

Measurements (in mm). HW 29; abdomen (incl. appendages) 37.

Variation in paratype males. Four paratypes show little morphological variation, excluding size; 27.5–29.5 mm in HW length and 36–38 mm in abdomen including appendages.

Description of paratype female. Head ( Fig. 20d View FIGURE 20 ). Postclypeus, frons, antennae, and the dorsum of head matte black. Anteclypeus shining black. Labrum and base of mandibles dark yellow but margin and mid-dorsal part black. Genae dark yellow and this extends to the level of antennae.

Thorax ( Fig. 16e View FIGURE 16 ). Anterior lobe of prothorax entirely black; middle and posterior lobes black with tiny orange spots; middle lobe raised into two large separately humps; distal margin of posterior lobe rounded, simple structurally ( Fig. 18g View FIGURE 18 ). Synthorax black with narrow orange stripes as follows: mesepisternum has two separated narrow stripes on either side; mesepimeron entirely black; metepisternum and metepimeron both with two yellow stripes along distal and lower margins.

Legs. Black.

Wings. Hyaline tinted amber on proximal half of FW and complete HW. FW with 28–29 Ax and 31–32 Px, HW with 21 Ax and 29 Px. Cubital space with 1–3 crossveins in all wings.

Abdomen ( Fig. 16e View FIGURE 16 ). Black with lateral yellow markings as follows: S1 with a large spot, S2–3 with a very narrow stripe, S4–5 with only tiny oval posterior spot, and S6–10 and ovipositor black.

Measurements (in mm). HW 29; abdomen (incl. appendages) 33.

Remarks. Euphaea saola sp. nov. is very similar to the population of E. guerini in Vietnam with similar wingcolor pattern of the male, but can be distinguished by more distinct dark apical margin and more distinct hyaline base in FW ( Fig. 14d View FIGURE 14 ) compared to E. guerini ( Fig. 14c View FIGURE 14 ). Abdominal segments S3 and S8 bear long setae in Euphaea saola ( Fig. 15a View FIGURE15 ), but very short setae in E. guerini ( Fig. 15b View FIGURE15 ). In Euphaea saola , the dorsum of S10 is raised in two places: there is a small hump in lateral view on the anterior part, but posteriorly it rises somewhat obliquely upward ( Fig. 20b View FIGURE 20 ) forming a conspicuous carinal spine. S10 of Euphaea guerini lacks the anterior hump and the large posterior carinal spine rises strongly upwards, almost perpendicular to the abdomen ( Fig. 20e View FIGURE 20 ). Cerci are short and robust, the posterior dorsal spine of S10 extending beyond their base posteriorly in lateral view in Euphaea saola ( Fig. 20b View FIGURE 20 ), but cerci of E. guerini are narrower, petiolated at base, and the dorsal spine does not extend posteriorly of their base, so they are visible in dorsal view ( Fig. 20e View FIGURE 20 ). Vesicle of Euphaea saola heartshaped, pointed at its posterior margin ( Fig. 18a, b View FIGURE 18 ), but it is ax-shaped, with posterior margin rounded in E. guerini ( Fig. 18c View FIGURE 18 ). The shape of the posterior lobe of the prothorax in females of Euphaea saola differs markedly from that of E. guerini by the smoothly rounded lateral edges and minor indentation of the posterior margin ( Fig. 18g View FIGURE 18 ), while the lateral edges curve out and backwards in E. guerini , and the posterior margin is completely round centrally ( Fig. 18h View FIGURE 18 ). In addition, (i) thorax black with very narrow stripes in E. saola ( Fig. 16e View FIGURE 16 ), but stripes relatively broad in E. guerini ( Fig. 16d View FIGURE 16 ); (ii) abdomen black with narrow yellow stripes on S1–3, tiny spots on S4–5, and entirely black on other segments in E. saola ( Fig. 16e View FIGURE 16 ), but with stripes on S1–6 and a small yellow spot on S 9 in E. guerini ( Fig. 16d View FIGURE 16 ); and (iii) wings entirely dark amber in E. saola , but hyaline with pale yellow color in E. guerini .

It is difficult to establish what published records/info of Euphaea guerini refer to E. saola . Van Tol & Rozendaal (1995) provided figures of the last abdominal segments and vesicle of Euphaea guerini from central Vietnam, but they did not specify the locality of each specimen. Figure 20 View FIGURE 20 of ‘ Euphaea guerini ’ in van Tol & Rozendaal (1995) matches E. saola based on the resemblance of the dorsal prominence on S10, but their Fig. 21 View FIGURE21 of vesicle is similar to that of E. guerini ( Fig. 18c View FIGURE 18 ) with apical margin rounded, not pointed as in E. saola ( Fig. 18a, b View FIGURE 18 ). Hämäläinen (in litt.) also confirmed that ‘ Euphaea guerini ’ from Lak Sao, Bolikhamxay Prov., Laos by Karjalainen & Hämäläinen (2013) actually refers to E. saola . Similarly, earlier published records of ‘ Euphaea guerini ’ in Cambodia, central to southern Laos, and central Vietnam could likely include or refer to E. saola (e.g. Fig. 44, p. 31 in Phan et al. 2011).

Distribution. Vietnam (Ha Tinh [Hämäläinen in litt.], Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien-Hue, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai [Hämäläinen in litt.], Dak Lak, Gia Lai, Kon Tum and Khanh Hoa [Hämäläinen in litt.] Provinces), Laos (Bolikhamxay Province) ( Karjalainen & Hämäläinen 2013).