Oecobius navus Blackwall

Santos, Adalberto J. & Gonzaga, Marcelo O., 2003, On the spider genus Oecobius Lucas, 1846 in South America (Araneae, Oecobiidae), Journal of Natural History 37 (2), pp. 239-252 : 240-242

Oecobius navus Blackwall

(figures 1–6, 18, 19)

Oecobius navus Blackwall, 1859: 266 (immature holotype from Madeira Islands in the Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford University, not examined); Wunderlich, 1987: 115, figures 281–283, 708–709; Platnick, 1989: 173, 1993: 160–161, 1997: 231–233.

Oecobius hammondi Mello-Leitão, 1915: 132 (three immature syntypes from São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, T. Leitão, in MNRJ1236, very deteriorated, examined); Mello-Leitão, 1917 b: 10. Synonymized by Mello-Leitão, 1943: 153.

Oecobius variabilis Mello-Leitão, 1917 a: 78 (male and immature syntypes from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil in MNRJ1231, examined); Mello-Leitão, 1917b: 10. Synonymized by Mello-Leitão, 1943: 153.

Oecobius fluminensis Mello-Leitão, 1917 b: 9–10 (female holotype from Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in MNRJ1234, examined); Mello-Leitão, 1925: 458. New synonymy.

Oecobius trifidivulva Benoit, 1976: 669–670, figures 1, 2 (female holotype from Kambaila, Kivu, Zaire, June 1973, M. Lejeune, in MRAC145.822, examined). New synonymy.

Oecobius annulipes, Shear, 1970: 138, figures 9, 10, 14, 29, 30, 50, 51; Baum, 1980: 117–119, figures 17–19, 50–51; Gnaspini and Trajano, 1994: 553; Ferreira and Martins, 1998: 239.

Notes. Several authors considered this species a junior synonym of Oecobius annulipes, Lucas , described from an immature specimen from Algeria. Wunderlich (1987), after examining the type specimens of both species, revalidated O. navus based on differences in colour patterns. Wunderlich (1995a) redescribed O. annulipes based on specimens from the type locality.

Diagnosis. This species can be easily distinguished from the other species recorded in South America by the three dark elliptical lateral spots on the carapace (figure 1). Males can be recognized by the bifid oecobiid tegular lobe I (OTL1) in ventral view (figures 4, 18) and the laterally compressed oecobiid tegular apophysis (OTA) of the palpus (figures 3–5, 18). The female differs from other species recorded for South America by the epigynum, in which the copulatory openings (CO) are located on a scape-like structure (figures 2, 19).

Description. For a complete description, see Shear (1970). Baum (1980) presented an illustrated description of male and female copulatory organs.

Natural history. We collected this species in several Brazilian cities (see material examined), always on wall corners. It was also collected under rocks in mediteranean scrubs in Chile (N. I. Platnick, personal communication) and in caves in Brazil (Gnaspini and Trajano, 1994; Ferreira and Martins, 1998). Ferreira and Martins (1998) collected 53 specimens (examined by A. J. Santos) associated with patches of bat guano in a cave, up to 120 m from the cave entrance .

Distribution. Cosmopolitan (Platnick, 1989, 1993, 1997). In South America, recorded in Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil (except the northern region), Peru, Chile, Uruguay and Argentina (figure 6).

Material examined. Colombia: Huila: Tierradentro, near Inzá , August 1971, one W ( MCZ 19731) . Venezuela: Mérida: Mérida, 30 June 1974, A. L. Edgar, one W, one X, three juv. ( MCZ 19730) . Peru: Lima: Santa Rosa de Quires, near Canta , 11 ° 40 ∞ S, 76 ° 48 ∞ W, J. A. Coddington, 18 June 1988, one X ( USNM) . Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte: Natal, 1951, M. Alvarenga, one X ( MZSP7468 ) ; Paraíba: Campina Grande, T. Leitão, one W ( MNRJ1231 ) ; Distrito Federal: Brasília , 2 May 1949, J. L. A. Feio, two W, one X, seven juv. ( MNRJ13513 ) ; Goiás: Corumbá , 14 June 1942, F. Lane, one W ( MZSP12045 ) ; 19 June 1942, one X, two juv. ( MZSP7769 ) ; Urutaí , December 1941, A. J. Souza, one W ( MZSP9319 ) ; Bahia: Itaetê, Lapa do Bode cave , 12 ° 50 ∞ S, 41 ° 04 ∞ W, 4 September 1991, E. Trajano, one X ( MNRJ) ; Campo Formoso, Morrinho Cave , Lage dos Negros, 10 ° 12 ∞ 32 ◊ S, 40 ° 55 ∞ 5 ◊ W, January 1997, R. L. Ferreira, two W ( IBSP29317 ) ; Minas Gerais: Chapada Gaúcha , 10 March 2001, A. M. F. Pacheco, five W, five X, seven juv. ( IBSP27626 ) ; Uberlândia , 28 September 2000, A. J. Santos, four X, six juv. ( IBSP26174 ) ; Belo Horizonte , 12 May 1999, M. O. Gonzaga, three W, 11 X, 23 juv. ( IBSP26166 ) ; 4 October 1999, A. J. Santos, one W ( IBSP26167 ) ; Caxambú, C. F. Mello-Leitão, two X ( MNRJ1238 ) ; Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó , 8 October 1993, M. O. Gonzaga and G. F. Dutra, one X ( IBSP26168 ) ; São Tomé das Letras , 2 July 2000, M. O. Gonzaga, one X, five juv. ( IBSP26765 ) ; Rio de Janeiro: Mendes, C. F. Mello-Leitão, two X, one juv. ( MNRJ1232 ) ; Pinheiral , one X ( MNRJ1240 ) ; Itatiaia , one W, one X ( MNRJ1239 ) ; Pinheiral, Colégio Agrícola , 10 April 1998, F. S. Cunha, one X ( IBSP17537 ) ; São Paulo: São Paulo, September 1974, L. Travassos, one W ( IBSP3470 ) ; 13 August 1997, A. D. Brescovit, one W ( IBSP14003 ) ; February 1984, M. das Graças, one X ( IBSP11755 ) , December 1996, H. F. Japyassú, one X ( IBSP14181 ); (Jabaquara) E. Oda, February 1995, one X ( IBSP5944 ); (bairro Butantã) 15 October 1969, P. Biasi, two X ( IBSP2373 ); (Campus USP/IB) 3 September 1996, A. D. Brescovit, one W ( IBSP11814 ) ; December 1996, A. D. Brescovit, one X ( IBSP14201 ) ; 20 January 1997, R. Bertani, one W ( IBSP14190 ) ; 11 December 1996, A. D. Brescovit, three W, two X ( IBSP14197 ) ; Usina Hidrelétrica Três Irmãos , October 1990, M. Costa and C. Bertim, one W ( IBSP4872 ) ; Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo , 14 November 1999, M. O. Gonzaga, two W, six X, one juv. ( IBSP26759 ) ; Campinas , May 1999, G. Q. Romero, one W, two juv. ( IBSP26169 ) ; Serra Negra , 16 July 1965, P. de Biasi, two W ( MZSP8254 ) ; Americana , 1944, R. Eller, one X ( MZSP12047 ) ; Batatais , December 1943, Pe. F. S. Pereira, one X ( MZSP12046 ) ; Guarulhos , July 1962, R. França, one X ( MZSP7686 ) ; Cocaia , August 1947, H. Urban, one W ( MZSP9316 ) ; Lençóis Paulista, Fazenda Rio Claro / Duratex , 5 April 2000, M. O. Gonzaga, one X ( IBSP26170 ) ; Caçapava , 23 December 1999, M. O. Gonzaga, one X, one juv. ( IBSP26171 ) ; Narandiba , 15 December 1999, M. O. Gonzaga, one X ( IBSP26172 ) ; Capão Bonito, Parque Estadual Intervales , 17 January 2000, M. O. Gonzaga, one X ( IBSP26173 ) ; São José dos Rio Preto , IBILCE-UNESP, 21 December 2000, G. Q. Romero, one X ( IBSP26218 ) ; Cotia , 12 January 1981, J. B. Olivério, one X ( IBSP19624 ) ; Paraná: Curitiba , one X ( MHNCI3479 ) ; July 1942, R. Lange, one X, one juv. ( MZSP7538 ) ; Morretes, Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi , 25 August 1996, J. A. Caetano, one X ( IBSP7318 ) ; Telêmaco Borba , December 1995, E. Ramirez and R. Bertani, one W ( IBSP6585 ) ; Jaguariaína, Parque Estadual do Cerrado , December 1999 to January 2000, C. Becker and M. Braga, one X ( IBSP26479 ) ; Santa Catarina: Concórdia , Seara road, A. B. Bonaldo et al., one X ( MCN 27147) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre , 24 October 1934, Pe. Buck, one X, six juv. ( MNRJ58392 ) ; 7 February 1962, C. A. Hartlieb, two X ( MCN1486 ) ; 16 April 1983, J. E. Hennig, one X ( MCN 11467) ; 1 June 1976, H. Bischoff, one X ( MCN4333 ) ; 18 January 1992, M. A. L. Marques, one W ( MCN 21953) ; 7 October 1991, A. B. Bonaldo, one W ( MCN 21566) ; 11 January 1991, A. D. Brescovit, one W ( MCN 20256) ; 29 December 1990, one X ( MCN 20177) ; 12 February 1963, T. de Lema, one X ( MCN1536 ) ; 21 December 1984, A. A. Lise, one X ( MCN 12720) ; 3 December 1962, L. O. de Moraes, two X ( MCN940 ) ; 11 April 1962, C. A. Hartlieb, one X ( MCN1731 ) ; 25 April 1998, A. A. Lise, one X ( MCN 17373) ; 2 February 1966, 22 X, five juv. ( MCN1893 ) ; 16 January 1962, C. A. Hartlieb, two X ( MCN1506 ) ; 16 January 1962, one W, two X ( MCN1525 ) ; 22 March 1989, A. D. Brescovit, one X ( MCN 18416) ; 22 January 1962, C. A. Hartlieb, three X ( MCN-1530 ) ; 16 January 1996, A. B. Bonaldo, one X, one juv. ( MCN 27481) ; 1 May 1991, S. F. Oliveira, one X ( MCP404 ) ; 16 September 1991, C. M. Mirage, one X ( MCTP1405 ) ; 8 December 1991, A. P. Petersen, one X ( MCTP1412 ) ; 6 December 1993, A. Braul Jr, one W, five X ( MCTP6227 ) ; November 1998, P. Pergher, one W, two X ( MCTP10291 ) ; 12 November 1991, C. O. Brasil, two X (MCP-1398); Porto Alegre, Campus PUCRS, 6 October 1992, T. Gomes, two W, four X, two juv. ( MCTP4614 ) ; 28 November 1995, M. Silveira, one X ( MCTP6987 ) ; 6 October 1992, one W, eight X ( MCTP4611 ) ; Porto Alegre, Botanic Garden , 7 February 1991, A. B. Bonaldo, one X ( MCN 20748) ; 9 September 1991, one X ( MCN 21243) ; Cambará do Sul, 16 December 1993, N. Silveira, one W ( MCN 24656) ; Cazuza Ferreira , 3 January 1963, J. Goldani, one X ( MCN1297 ) ; Imbé , 19 December 1976, V. Buckup, one X, two juv. ( MCN5847 ) ; Osório, Maquiné , 5 August 1990, C. J. Mansoni, two X, four juv. ( MCN 19922) ; Capão da Canoa , 16 January 1964, C. A. Hartlieb, four X ( MCN1251 ) ; 20 January 1963, six X, one juv. ( MCN1193 ) . Chile: Reg. II (Antofagasta) : Antofagasta, 4 km N of Paposo , 20–50 m, 11 October 1992, N. I. Platnick et al., two W, four X ( AMNH) ; 6 km E from Paposo , 25 ° 01 ∞ S, 70 ° 27 ∞ W, 520 m, 30 January 1994, N. I. Platnick et al., seven X ( AMNH) ; Antofagasta, 480 m, 12 October 1992, N. I. Platnick et al., two W, three X, one juv. ( AMNH) ; Reg. III (Atacama): Copiapó, Quebrada León , N of Caldera, 140 m, 10 October 1992, N. I. Platnick et al., one W ( AMNH) ; Huasco , beach, 5 m., 8 October 1992, N. I. Platnick et al., one W ( AMNH) ; Creek leading to Huasco river, 25 km W from Vallenar , 170 m, 8 October 1992, N. I. Platnick et al., seven W, seven X ( AMNH) ; Reg. IV (Coquimbo): 5 km S from Coquimbo, 30 m, 31 October 1981, N. I. Platnick et al., two X ( AMNH) ; Elqui, beach 6 km S from Cruz Grande , 20 m, 6 October 1992, N. I. Platnick et al., one W, one juv. ( AMNH) ; 29 ° 29 ∞ S, 71 ° 19 ∞ W, 5 m, 11 October 1993, N. I. Platnick et al., two X ( AMNH) . Uruguay: Artigas: Picada del Negro Muerto , 3 March 1965, P. San Martín, two X ( FCEA479 ) ; Montevideo: Montevideo, one X, one juv. ( MNRJ14180 ) . Argentina: Buenos Aires: La Plata, December 1987, L. A. Pereira, two W, one X, four juv. ( USNM) ; November 1987, four X, six W, eight juv. ( USNM) ; December 1987, two X, one W, five juv. ( USNM) ; Las Rosas, J. B. Daguerre, one W, two X ( MACN4230 ) ; Buenos Aires, December 1950, C. Wappens, one W ( MACN3079 ) ; July 1955, R. D. Schiapelli, one X, one juv. ( MACN4236 ) ; Moreno , December 1943, R. D. Schiapelli, one X ( MACN4233 ) ; Cordoba: Calamuchita , January 1955, M. J. Viana, one X ( MACN4918 ) ; Argüello , October 1944, J. A. De Carlo, one X ( MACN1966 ) ; Missiones: Puerto 14 de Octubre, November 1954, R. D. Schiapelli and J. A. De Carlo, one X ( MACN4226 ) ; La Rioja: P. Gomez, one X ( MACN4231 ) Chubut: Pampa del Castillo , February 1932, Castellanos expedition, one X ( MACN) .