identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C54C7F1507FFD168C3B287BEFDBEC5.text	03C54C7F1507FFD168C3B287BEFDBEC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PROTOTYRTAEUS</p><p>1. Antenna with 7 antennomeres (Figs. 15g –i), club composed of 3 fused antennomeres; Jamaica ............................................ 2</p><p>1ʹ. Antenna with 9 antennomeres (Figs. 15a–f, j–n), club composed of 3 distinctly divided antennomeres; Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico ................................................. 4</p><p>2. Elytron with a weak longitudinal elevation along elytral suture (Fig. 9), only 1 long seta above lateral groove of elytra on basal fourth (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16c); lateral pronotal margin above lateral bead, in dorsal view, sinuate on posterior third (Fig. 9) ........................................ ........... P. beckeri Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>2ʹ. Elytron lacking elevation along elytral suture (Figs. 7, 8), more than 1 long seta above lateral groove of elytra (if missing, distinct punctures are present) (Figs. 16a, b); lateral pronotal margins above lateral bead in posterior third nearly straight (Figs. 7, 8) ........................ 3</p><p>3. Body size small, length 1.3–2.0 mm (Fig. 8); strongly convex, rounded, posteriorly more declivous in lateral view (Fig. 16b); frons sparsely punctate, clypeus with few setae, mostly apico-laterally; antenna as in Fig. 15h; aedeagus as in Fig. 17g .......................... ...... P. sandersoni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>3ʹ. Body size large, length 2.4–3.3 mm (Fig. 7); convex, more attenuate posteriorly, less declivous in lateral view (Fig. 16a); frons moderately punctate, clypeus with complete row of setae across apex; antenna as in Fig. 15g; aedeagus as in Fig. 17f ................... .......... P. howdeni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>4. Dorsal surface usually metallic green, blue to purple; elytron usually punctato-striate; pronotum widest at middle, anterior margin without bead (Figs. 10–14); Cuba .......... 5</p><p>4ʹ. Dorsal surface not or occasionally weakly metallic; elytron impunctate or with punctures confusedly distributed; pronotum widest at base, anterior margin beaded or not (Figs. 1–6); Hispaniola and Puerto Rico .... ....................................................... 9</p><p>5. Large species, 3.5–4.0 mm long (Fig. 10); protibia sometimes ventrally glabrous between raised weak carinae on apical half; mesotarsomere 1 weakly to distinctly larger than 2 (Fig. 16d); antenna as in Fig. 15j; aedeagus as in Fig. 17i .......................... ...... P. darlingtoni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>5ʹ. Smaller species, 2.3–2.8 mm long; protibia cylindrical, ventrally setose on apical half; mesotarsomere 1 only slightly larger than 2 (Fig. 16e) .......................................... 6</p><p>6. Antenna unicolored (Figs. 12, 14); antennomere 4 wider than long (Figs. 15l, n); head with punctures variable in size .............. 7</p><p>6ʹ. Antenna weakly bicolored, antennomeres 1–8 dark, apex of 9 pale (Figs. 11, 13); antennomere 4 subquadrate or longer than wide (Figs. 15k, m); head with punctures subequal in size to eye facet ................. 8</p><p>7. Metanepisternum impunctate; head finely punctate, frons with punctures becoming sparser posteriorly; antenna as in Fig. 15l; habitus as in Fig. 12 .............................. ............... P. felis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>7ʹ. Metanepisternum with line of strong punctures; head coarsely punctate, frons with punctures evenly distributed; antenna as in Fig. 15n; habitus as in Fig. 14 ................. ... P. auranticornis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>8. Antennomeres 1–8 black, 9 with yellow apex; antennomere 3 distinctly longer than 2, 4 longer than wide (Fig. 15k); frons glabrous, punctures evenly distributed; pronotum coarsely punctate; aedeagus as in Fig. 17j; habitus as in Fig. 11 .............................. ..... P. maestrensis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>8ʹ. Antennomeres 1–8 dark yellow or brown, 9 yellowish at apex; antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2, 4 subquadrate (Fig. 15m); frons bearing long setae, punctures becoming sparser posteriorly; pronotum finely to moderately punctate; aedeagus unknown; habitus as in Fig. 13 ................................ .. P. turquinensis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>9. Antenna bicolored from antennomere 5; intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded between metacoxae (Fig. 16g); pronotum moderately transverse (Fig. 1); antenna as in Fig. 15a; aedeagus as in Fig. 17a; habitus as in Fig. 1; Hispaniola ......... ........... P. duartei Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>9ʹ. Antenna unicolored, sometimes paler apically; intercoxal process of ventrite 1 between metacoxae acute (Figs. 16i, j), narrowly (Fig. 16h) or moderately rounded (Fig. 16k); pronotum strongly transverse (Figs. 2–6); Hispaniola and Puerto Rico ....................... 10</p><p>10. Anterior pronotal angles weakly projecting, somewhat acute; frons with confluent punctures, forming strigulae (more evident under LED white light); intercoxal process of ventrite 1 moderately rounded (Fig. 16k); antennomere 3 distinctly longer than 2 (Fig. 15f); integument always shiny; aedeagus with basale twice as long as apicale (Fig. 17e); habitus as in Fig. 6; Luquillo Forest, Puerto Rico .................... P. gracilicornis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>10ʹ. Anterior pronotal angles rounded; frons without confluent punctures; intercoxal process of ventrite 1 acute (Figs. 16i, j) or narrowly rounded (Fig. 16h); antennomere 3 subequal to 2 (Figs. 15b–e); integument shiny or matte; aedeagus with basale subequal to apicale (Figs. 17b–d; unknown in P. unomas); Hispaniola and Puerto Rico .................................. 11</p><p>11. Anterior pronotal margin lacking bead or bead incomplete medially; antenna dark brown, sometimes paler towards apex; head width usually subequal to anterior margin of pronotum (Figs. 2, 3); Hispaniola .............. 12</p><p>11ʹ. Anterior pronotal marginal bead complete; antenna red, yellow, or light brown; head narrower than anterior pronotal margin (Figs. 4, 5); Puerto Rico ............................. 13</p><p>12. Metanepisternum not distinctly separated from metaventrite; metaventrite weakly punctate to impunctate; antenna dark brown, sometimes lighter towards apex; body less convex in lateral view, more elongate, somewhat acute behind in dorsal view (Fig. 2); aedeagus with median lobe projecting ventrally from apicale (Fig. 17b); antenna as in Fig. 15b; Sierra de Neiba, Hispaniola .... .............. P. neiba Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>12ʹ. Metanepisternum distinctly separated from metaventrite; metaventrite strongly punctate; antenna dark brown; body more convex in lateral view, rounded behind in dorsal view (Fig. 3); antenna as in Fig. 15c; Cordillera Central, Hispaniola ................................ .......... P. unomas Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>13. Lateral area of metaventrite smooth or weakly punctate; aedeagus elongate and narrow, apicale converging at apical third and narrowed at apex (Fig. 17c); integument matte or shiny, microsculpture present on dorsal part (more nitid on matte forms); antenna red or yellow; habitus as in Fig. 4; Puerto Rico, widespread ......................... ........... P. obrieni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>13ʹ. Lateral area of metaventrite strongly punctate; aedeagus short and wide, apex rounded, converging at apical fourth (Fig. 17d); integument shiny, weakly microsculptured dorsally; antenna yellow; habitus as in Fig. 5; Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico ..................... .............. P. pecki Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1507FFD168C3B287BEFDBEC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F1506FFDA6AA2B3B1B870BA33.text	03C54C7F1506FFDA6AA2B3B1B870BA33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus duartei Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus duartei Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D1C2235A-5018-4F12-A1A2-B71BC935FE77</p><p>(Figs. 1, 15a, 16g, 17a)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. DOMIN. REP: Prov. Santiago; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.03333/lat 19.066668)">Par. Nac. Armando Bermudez; Valle de Bao.</a> 1785m. 9JULY; 1992. pine bark at night; 19°04’N. 71°02’W. M. Ivie (WIBF, to be deposited in NMNH) . Paratypes (422). 42: Same locality data as holotype (36 WIBF, 1 MNHN, 1 CMNC, 1 RLAC, 1 ADSC, 1 SMNS, 1 HNHM). 65: DOMIN. REP: Prov. Santiago; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0/lat 19.033333)">Par. Nac. ArmandoBermudez; N. slope LaPelona</a>. 2865m; 19°02’N. 71°00’W. 09JULY; 1992. M.A. &amp; R.O. Ivie (54 WIBF, 1 MNHN, 1 CMNC, 1 BMNH, 2 CNCI, 1 RLAC, 2 MNHNSD, 1 ADSC, 1 SMNS, 1 HNHM). 28: DOMIN. REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. Armando-Bermudez; N. slope LaPelona . 2575m; 09JULY1992. under rocks; M.A. &amp; R.O. Ivie colrs (23 WIBF, 1 CMNC, 1 BMNH, 1 RLAC, 1 ADSC, 1 SMNS). 12: DOM. REP: Prov. San Juan; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0/lat 19.033333)">Par. Nac. Armando-Bermudez; Pico Duarte Weather Sta</a>; 19°02’N. 71°00’W. 2885m; 06APR1992. M.A. Ivie colr (WIBF). 15: Loma Rucilla &amp;; mts. N., Dom. Rep.; June’38, 5- 8,000 ft.; Darlington (14 MCZC, 1 WIBF). 9: cloudforest; vic. Valle Nuevo; Aug’38, Dom.Rep.; c. 6,000 ft, Darl. (MCZC). 11: Loma Rucilla; June’38, Dom. Rep.; 8-10,000 ft.; Darlington (MCZC). 1: Valle Nuevo; SE Constanza; Aug.’38, Dom. Rep.; c. 7,000 ft., Darl.(MCZC). 3: DOM. REP., LaVega,; 53km.SE. Constanza; August 9, 1979; C.W.O’ Brien (WIBF). 4: DOM. REP., LaVega,; 53km. SE. Constanza; August 9,1979; L.B.O’ Brien (WIBF). 1: DOM. REP., La Vega,; 47km. SE. Constanza; August 9,1979; C.W.O’ Brien (WIBF). 1: DOM. REP., La Vega,; 53km. SE. Constanza; August 9,1979; G.B. Marshall (WIBF). 4: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Piquito del Yaque; 11 AUGUST 1964 (NMNH). 4: DOM. REP.: Par. Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; slopes of Pico del Yaque; 04 SEP 1988, 1930- 2415m; beating in pine forest/ M.A. Ivie, T.K. Philips; &amp; K.A. Johnson colrs. (WIBF). 1: DOM. REP.: Par. Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; summit Pico Duarte; 05AUG1988, M.A. Ivie,; K. Philips &amp; K.A. Johnson / Pico Duarte official; elev. 3175m, our; altimeter read 2970m/ under rocks (WIBF). 4: DOM. REP.: Par. Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; slopes of Pico del Yaque; 06 SEP 1988, 2570m; fern, pine &amp; stump litter/ M.A. Ivie, T.K. Philips; &amp; K.A. Johnson colrs. (WIBF). 1: DOM. REP.: Par. Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; Aguita Fria, 2560m; 04SEP1988, M.A. Ivie,; K. Philips &amp; K.A. Johnson (WIBF). 2: DOMINICAN; REP. 6000’; 8/5-63/ MOSS PLANTS; 63-; 20062 (NMNH). 4: DOMIN. REP: Par.Nac. Almando [sic, misspelling of Armando]; Bermudez, Cordillera Cent.; AguitaFria (2560m) – saddle; W. Pico del Yaque (2690m); 05 SEP 1988, beating veg./ M.A. Ivie, T.K. Philips; &amp; K.A. Johnson colrs. (3 WIBF, 1 CNCI). 1: DOMINIC. REP.: Prov. La Vega; 40km S. Constanza, 2165m; M. A. Ivie, T. K. Philips; &amp; K. A. Johnson colrs.; litter under moss &amp; log (WIBF). 2: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; N. slope Pico del Yaque; 2515m, flight int. trap; 08APR-07JUL1992, pine; forest. M.A. &amp; R.O. Ivie (WIBF). 1 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.93657&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.032984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.93657/lat 19.032984)">Pico Duarte Trail</a> – 8700 ft.; Aguita Fria – sweeping; 19°01.979’N, 70°56.194’W; 30 June 2004 S.W. Lingafelter (WIBF). 2: DOM. REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. ArmandoBermudez; LomalaRucilla, 05APR1992; white fungus on roots; M. Ivie, D. Sikes, W. Lanier (WIBF). 2: DOMIN. REP: Prov. San Juan; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0/lat 19.033333)">Par. Nac. ArmandoBermudez; Pico Duarte weather sta</a>.; 2855M, 08JULY1992; M.A. &amp; R.O. Ivie colrs/ 19°02N, 71°00W; under rocks (WIBF). 1: DOM. REP: Prov. La Vega; nr. Buena Vista, Hotel; La Montana, 03APR1992; flight intercept trap; M.A. Ivie, D.S. Sikes (WIBF). 1: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: La; Vega. Cordillera Central,; Reserva Valle Nuevo, La; Nevera, 15.1 km SE Valle; Nuevo, 18-41-47N, 70- 35-30W; 2252 m, 25 May 2003 / R. Davidson, C. Young,; C. Nunez, J. Rawlins, P.; Acevedo, montane meadow; in cloud forest, pine,; hand collected,; Sample 24142/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 377,316 (CMNH). 16: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; La Vega. Reserva; Cientifica Valle Nuevo,; Sector La Nevera, 3km; WNW La Nuez, 2200 m./ 18-42N, 70-36W.; 7 October 1991; C. Young, S. Thompson,; R. Davidson, J. Rawlins; Mesic pine woodland/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 376,189 \ 384,808 \ 388,391 \ 376,717 \ 378,905 \ 387,031 \ 377,999 \ 381,124 \ 379,916 \ 376,841 \ 381,104 (CMNH), 380,628 \ 388,066 \ 380,929 \ 380,136 \ 386,187 (WIBF). 4: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Peravia. 3km SW; La Nuez, uper; Rio Las Cuevas. / 18-40N, 70-36W. 1850m; 5-6 August 1990; J. Rawlins, S. Thompson / Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 402,535 \ 397,685 \ 398,449 (CMNH), 396,873 (WIBF). 19: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; ParNac. ArmandoBermudez; N.side La Pelona, 2850m; 07APRIL1992, under rock; M.A. Ivie, &amp; D.S. Sikes (11 WIBF, 2 CNCI, 3 FSCA, 2 MHNG, 1 INHS). 1: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.933334/lat 19.033333)">P.Nac. ArmandoBermudez; Aguita Fria</a>, f.i.t.; 19°02’N, 70°56’W, 2545m; 07JULY1992 - 24JULY1993 / M.A. Ivie &amp;; D.S. Sikes (WIBF). 1: DOMIN.REP: Prov. SanJuan; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=70.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.95/lat 70.95)">P.N.A. Bermudez</a>, 2380-; 2575m, 08APR1992, Aguita; Fria to LaCompartacion; 70°57’N, 70°57’W, M. Ivie (WIBF). 1: DOMIN.REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. Armando Bermudez; summit of La Pelona; 09JULY1992, under rocks; 3087m M.A. &amp; R.O. Ivie (WIBF). 12: DOM.REP: Prov. SanJuan; Pico Duarte weather; sta., 2885m, 06APR1992; under &amp; around rocks; M.A. Ivie &amp; D.S. Sikes (WIBF). 4: DOMIN.REP: Prov. SanJuan; 19°02’N, 70°56’W, 2545m; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.933334/lat 19.033333)">Aguita Fria, P.N.A. Berm</a>; 08APR- 07JUL1992, M.A.; Ivie, flight inter. trap (WIBF). 3: DOM.REP: Prov. Santigo; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.933334/lat 19.05)">N.side Pico del Yaque</a>; 19°03’N, 70°56’W, 2515m; JULY1992 - JULY1993; flight intercept trap (WIBF). 1: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.933334/lat 19.05)">P.Nac. ArmandoBermudez; N.side Pico del Yaque</a>; 19°03’N, 70°56’W, 2515m; 25-29JULY1993, f.i.t./ D.S. Sikes &amp;; R.P. Rosenfeld (WIBF). 2: DOM.REP: Prov. Santiago; Par. Nac. Armando-Bermudez; Pico del Yaque, 2425m; 05APR1992.rotten pine; M. Ivie, D. Sikes, W. Lanier (WIBF). 2: DOM.REP: Prov. La Vega; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0/lat 19.033333)">Par. Nac. Armando-Bermudez; LosTablones</a>, 1245m, 19°03’; N. 70°53’W, 07 JULY 1992; M.A. &amp; R.O. Ivie colrs/ 19°02N, 71°00W; under rocks (WIBF). 1: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; La Vega. Reserva; Cientifica Valle Nuevo,; Sector La Nevera, 3km; WNW La Nuez, 2200 m./ 18-42N, 70-36W.; 7 October 1991; C. Young, S. Thompson,; R. Davidson, J. Rawlins; Mesic pine woodland/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 385,702 (CNMH). 89: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Peravia. 3 km SW La; Nuez, upper Rio Las; Cuevas, 1880m.; 18-39N, 70-36W/ 5-6 October 1991; J. Rawlins, R. Davidson; C. Young, S. Thompson; Cloud forest on river/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH- 388,634 \ 388,868 \ 377,746 \ 378,272 \ 386,020 \ 387,968 \ 379,971 \ 388,909 \ 378,025 \ 376,794 \ 380,207 \ 380,849 \ 386,033 \ 384,024 \ 384,599 \ 380,987 \ 382,714 \ 382,693 \ 384,836 \ 382,636 \ 386,956 \ 378,977 \ 386,394 \ 380,875 \ 382,480 \ 376,851 \ 379,700 \ 380,032 \ 388,376 \ 378,603 \ 385,703 \ 386,806 \ 383,430 \ 385,892 \ 384,711 \ 378,972 \ 382,991 \ 386,148 \ 387,906 \ 378,447 \ 377,392 \ 379,291 \ 380,968 \ 384,109 \ 387,967 \ 379,458 \ 388,459 \ 380,505 \ 382,508 \ 377,338 \ 380,054 \ 388,622 \ 380,168 \ 377,672 \ 379,272 \ 379,928 \ 377,333 \ 387,476 \ 388,950 \ 380,639 \ 377,439 \ 387,170 \ 377,547 \ 382,071 \ 384,920 \ 382,763 \ 378,576 \ 383,038 \ 388,533 \ 376,395 \ 388,893 \ 381,079 \ 378,648 \ 381,759 \ 380,931 \ 384,138 \ 384,153 \ 384,638 \ 383,201 \ 382,982 \ 383,995 (80 CMNH),\ 383,038 \ 379,573 \ 387,584 \ 381,675 \ 378,159 \ 378,100 \ 376,298 \ 384,989 \ 385,457 (9 WIBF). 25: DOMINICAN REP.: La Vega; 2km before La Nevera; 2.VIII.1980 A. Norrbom; 2200m (20 CMNH, 5 WIBF). 11: Republica Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, Valle; Nuevo, La Nevera; 18.VIII.1983. E. Mascano; #22197 (10 IIBZ, 1 WIBF). 2: República Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, Parque Nacional; Valle Nuevo, La Lechuguilla, 26; agosto 2010 / A. Sánchez, C. Suriel, G de los Santos; C. Marte, S. Carrero; Insectos de Sabanas de altura; PtF1 BV C5 (1 IIBZ, 1 WIBF). 2: República Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, Parque Nacional; Valle Nuevo, Sabana Quel´ız, 25; agosto 2010 / A. Sánchez, C. Suriel, G. de los; Santos, C. Marte, S. Carrero; Insectos de Sabana de altura; PEPZ BV C4 (IIBZ). 1: Republica Dominicana, Prov. San; Juan, Parque Nacional José del; Carmen Ram´ırez, Sabana de; Macutico 19Q28178E 2105904N/ 1,999m, 15 Noviembre 2015, R.; Bastardo, C. Suriel, G. de los Santos; C. Morte, R. Rodriguez; C6/ Macutico 15.XI.2014; Coleta General (IIBZ). 1: Republica Dominicana; Prov. La Veja, Parque Nacional; Valle Nuevo, 18 Enero 2011 / A. Sánchez, C. Suriel, G. de los; Santos, C. Marte, S. Carrero; Insectos de Sabana de altura; PEA4 C1 BS (IIBZ). 1: Republica Dominicana, Prov. San; Juan, Parque Nacional Jose del; Carmen Ramirez, Sabana de; Macutico 19Q281278E 2105904N/ 1999m 15 Noviembre 2015, R.; Bastardo, C. Suriel, G. de los Santos,; C. Morte, R. Rodriguez (IIBZ). 1: República Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, Valle; Nuevo, La Nevera,; 18.VIII.1983 E. Marcano,; #22147 (*) (IIBZ). 1: República Dominicana; Prov. La Vega, entrada Valle del; Tetero, Agüita Fr´ıa 17.XII.2005; A. Marmolejos &amp; R. Rodr´ıguez (IIBZ) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by having a non-metallic integument; bicolored antenna; moderately transverse pronotum with a beaded anterior margin and widest at the base; and intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded (Fig. 16g). Only three species of Prototyrtaeus have a bicolored antenna, the main difference being that P. maestrensis and P. turquinensis have a dark antenna, with the apex of the apical antennomere brighter, while P. duartei has the first four antennomeres black and the remaining six pale yellow.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honor of the Dominican Republic’ s founding father, Juan Pablo Duarte (1813–1876), revolutionary hero, writer, and poet, whose name is given to the mountain that lies in the center of the range of P. duartei. Pico Duarte (officially 3,087 m high) is not only the highest peak in the Dominican Republic, it holds that position for the West Indies as a whole. It was previously named Pico Trujillo from its identification as the highest peak on Hispaniola in 1944 until the 1961 assassination of dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (1891–1961).</p><p>Description. 2.5–4.0 mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm wide. Dorsal surface piceous with very sparse erect, fine, golden setae, and few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna bicolored, black and yellow. Head not as wide as anterior edge of pronotum, moderately, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet, scarcely setose; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus more densely setose, bearing longer setae, longer still on labrum; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15a), bicolored, antennomere 2 subequal in length, slightly wider than 3, antennomeres 1–4 dark, 5–6 vary from brown to dark yellow, 7–9 yellow and forming club, club gradually decreasing in width, antennomere 7 widest, last antennomere rounded at apex. Pronotum moderately transverse, widest at base, sparsely and finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; all margins beaded, anterior margin slightly bisinuate, lateral margin nearly straight, converging towards apex, sometimes slightly rounded, bead width gradually increasing posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, with faint, shallow, small punctures, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum smooth or weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded (Fig. 16g), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17a) with basale slightly longer than apicale, apicale becoming slightly acuminate at apex; in lateral view basale slightly curved on basal third, apicale slightly curved on apical third.</p><p>Distribution. Hispaniola: Dominican Republic (Fig. 18).</p><p>Biology. The species is found at high elevations in the Cordillera Central. It is quite common within its range, being obvious on the surface of lichens on the trunks of Pinus L. ( Pinaceae) along the trails in the high Cordillera Central (MAI, personal observation). It has also been taken repeatedly under rocks, some of which were also associated with lichens, and in one case on white fungi growing on the roots of Pinus occidentalis Sw. Two larvae of this species were taken with adults, one with the holotype and several paratypes on the bark of P. occidentalis and the other under rocks. Adults have been taken on lichens, in mosses, in a rotten pine log, and beating pines and general vegetation. Berlese samples from fern, pine and stump litter, litter under moss, and a log also yielded specimens. Specimens labeled from flight intercept traps were from traps that allowed flightless individuals to crawl into the pan as if it were a pitfall trap (MAI, unpublished data).</p><p>Remarks. This is the most commonly taken of the Hispaniolan species of Prototyrtaeus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1506FFDA6AA2B3B1B870BA33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F150DFFDB68C1B7F8B875B95E.text	03C54C7F150DFFDB68C1B7F8B875B95E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus neiba Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus neiba Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FD243945-F4C8-4103-B0FE-3CCC2BF949B6</p><p>(Figs. 2, 15b, 16h, 17b)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: San; Juan. Sierra de Neiba,; Saban del Silencio,; 10.0km SSW El Cercado; 18-39-07N, 71- 33-21W,; 2009m, 20 June 2003 / J. Rawlins, C. Nunez, R.; Davidson, C. Young, P.; Acevedo, M. de la Cruz; cloud forest along Dan-; thonia savannah, hand; collected, Sample 33242/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH-388,750 (CMNH) . Paratypes (39). 12: same locality data as holotype (with different voucher numbers): CMNH-386,648 \ 386,055 \ 386,770 \ 382,683 \ 388,231 \ 381,387 \ 377,378 \ 385,590 \ 386,857 (9 CMNH),\ 382,649 \ 380,698 \ 385,872 \ (3 WIBF). 6 (with different voucher numbers): DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: San; Juan. Sierra de Neiba,; 9.4km SSW El Cercado,; 8-39-18N, 71-32-51W,; 1973m, 22 June 2003 / R. Davidson, C. Nunez,; C. Young, J. Rawlins, P.; Acevedo, M. de la Cruz,; meadow near mature pine; forest, hand collected,; Sample 32242/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH-388,494 \ 380,401 \ 388,109 \ 379,477 (4 CMNH),\ 384,530 (1 WIBF), \ 386,777 (1 BMNH). 3 (with different voucher numbers): DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: San; Juan. Sierra de Neiba,; 9.4km SSW El Cercado,; 8-39-18N, 71-32-51W,; 1973m, 18-19 Nov 2004 / C.W. Young, J.E. Rawlins,; C. Nunez, V. Verdecia, W.; Zanol. meadow near mature; pine forest. hand; collected. Sample 32245/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH-381,849 \ CMNH-379,230 \ CMNH-380,345 (CMNH). 1: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Independencia. Sierra; de Neiba just south; of crest, 5km NNW; Angel Feliz, 1780m / 18-41N, 71-47W; 13-15 October 1991; J. Rawlins, R. Davidson; C. Young, S. Thompson; Cloud forest/ Carnegie Museum; Specimen Number; CMNH-382,297 (CMNH). 16: DOM: REP.: Independencia; 32 kmNW La Descubierta; SabanaReal, 1800m, cloud; forest moss &amp; litter, 26.; XI.91, S&amp;JPeck, 91-334 (11 CMNC, 4 WIBF, 1 NMNH). 1: DOM: REP.: Independencia; 30 kmNW La Descubierta; SabanaReal, 1646m, cloud; forest carrion, 25.XI-; 5.XII.91, S&amp;JPeck, 91-331 (CMNC ).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by having a non-metallic integument; unicolored antenna; transverse pronotum, widest at the base, anterior margin lacking bead or the bead incomplete medially; and intercoxal process of ventrite 1 acute or narrowly rounded (Fig. 16h).</p><p>Prototyrtaeus neiba is distinguished from P. unomas by having the lateral area of the metaventrite weakly punctate to impunctate, the metanepisternum not distinctly separated from the metaventrite, and the body less convex laterally.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet is to be treated as a noun in apposition, based on the name of the Sierra de Neiba mountain range where the species is found. The name comes from the Ta´ıno word “neyba” meaning “white earth” according to the 18 th century French writer Médéric Louis Elise Moreau de Saint-Méry (1750–1819).</p><p>Description. 2.0– 3.8 mm long, 1.4–1.7 mm wide. Dorsal surface dark brown without distinct setation, only a few microsetae and a few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna light or dark brown. Head width subequal to anterior edge of pronotum, frons moderately, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet, setose; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus setose with higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer and denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15b), antennomere 2 subequal in length, slightly wider than 3, antennomeres 7–9 forming club, gradually decreasing in width, antennomere 7 widest, last antennomere rounded or oval at apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, widest at base, sparsely, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; anterior margin lacking bead or incomplete medially, slightly bisinuate, lateral margin nearly straight or slightly rounded, strongly beaded, gradually increasing in width posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, slightly projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, punctate, sometimes faintly and shallowly so, with a few fine, pale setae sparsely distributed, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum not distinctly separated from metaventrite. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 acute or narrowly rounded (Fig. 16h), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17b) with basale and apicale subequal in length, median lobe projecting from apicale and apically exceeding apex of apicale; in lateral view, slightly curved in basal 2/3 of basale, median lobe clearly projected ventrally at an acute angle.</p><p>Distribution. Hispaniola: Dominican Republic (Fig. 19).</p><p>Biology. This species has been taken in cloud forest and pine forests with one mention of forest moss and litter, which is consistent with more detailed observations for other species.</p><p>Remarks. This species has only been taken in the Sierra Neiba and seems to be an allopatric relative to P. duartei from the Cordillera Central.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F150DFFDB68C1B7F8B875B95E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F150CFFDB68A2B440BE40BEC8.text	03C54C7F150CFFDB68A2B440BE40BEC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus unomas Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus unomas Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 39AB669B-725A-4D86-B1B6-D09CDD8C0D5C</p><p>(Figs. 3, 15c, 16h)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. Cloudforest; vic. Valle Nuevo; Aug’38, Dom. Rep.; c. 6,000 ft, Darl. (MCZC) . Paratypes (4 specimens). 1: same data as holotype (MCZC). 2: Loma Rucilla &amp;; mts. N., Dom. Rep.; June’38, 5- 8,000 ft.; Darlington (1 MCZC, 1 WIBF). 1: DOMINIC. REP.: Prov. La Vega; 40km S. Constanza, 2165m; 29 AUG 1988, M. A. Ivie,; T. K. Philips &amp; K. A. Johnson; litter under moss &amp; log (WIBF) .</p><p>Additional Material. Two specimens: REP. DOMINICAINE.10.; Cord. Central. III.74; Cazabita. 1250m; J.S. Klapperich/ DOMINICAN REPUBLIC:; Prov. MonsenorNouel; Casabito, 1250 m; 19.0397°N 70.4786°W (1 MHNG, 1 WIBF).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by its non-metallic integument; unicolored antenna; transverse pronotum, widest at the base, anterior margin lacking bead or the bead incomplete medially; and intercoxal process of ventrite 1 acute to narrowly rounded (Fig. 16h).</p><p>Prototyrtaeus unomas is distinguished from P. neiba by the strongly punctate lateral area of the metaventrite, the metanepisternum distinctly separated, and the body more convex laterally.</p><p>Etymology. This species hid among the series of P. neiba until very near the end of this study, when the geographic separation made us look again at this series. We realized that we had a cryptic additional species and declared in despair “Oh no! One more!” So, we chose the Spanish phrase “uno mas” for the name. It is to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Description. 2.1–2.3 mm long, 1.4–1.7 mm wide. Dorsal surface dark brown without distinct setation, only a few microsetae and a few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna dark brown. Head width subequal to anterior edge of pronotum, frons moderately, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet, setose; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus setose with higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15c), antennomere 2 subequal in length, slightly wider than 3, antennomeres 7–9 forming club, gradually decreasing in width, antennomere 7 widest, last antennomere rounded or oval at apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, widest at base, sparsely, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; anterior margin lacking bead or bead incomplete medially, slightly bisinuate, lateral margin nearly straight or slightly rounded, strongly beaded, width gradually increasing posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, slightly projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, punctured, sometimes faintly, shallowly so, with a few fine, pale, setae sparsely distributed, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum smooth or weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 acute or narrowly rounded (Fig. 16h), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus not examined.</p><p>Distribution. Hispaniola: Dominican Republic (Fig. 19).</p><p>Biology. One paratype was taken from a mossy log. The species is only known from high, moist to wet habitats in the Cordillera Central.</p><p>Remarks. This species is one of the rarest in the genus. The two Casabito specimens differ slightly from the type series and are from a significantly lower locality. They lack the weak hints of punctures on the pronotum and elytra, the antenna is totally black, and we lack male genitalia to confirm their placement. The second label was added by us, as “Cazabita” is a misspelling of the name as used in the Dominican Republic, Casabito.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F150CFFDB68A2B440BE40BEC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F150CFFC66AA2B3E8BBBBBAAE.text	03C54C7F150CFFC66AA2B3E8BBBBBAAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus obrieni Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus obrieni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6BEEF118-0812-4FAB-B57D-E34B1A342687</p><p>(Figs. 4, 15d, 16i, 17c)</p><p>?Lioon sp.: Wolcott 1936: 218 [ Byrrhidae, misidentification].</p><p>Lioon: Blackwelder 1944: 270; Wolcott 1951: 269.</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. PUERTO RICO: Rio Grande; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.81831&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.32361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.81831/lat 18.32361)">El Verde Field Station</a>; 18.32361°N 065.81831°W; 21JUNE2017 314m, tree moss; E. Spiessberger, V. Ferreira (WIBF, to be deposited in NMNH) . Paratypes (275). 18: same locality data as holotype (16 WIBF, 2 HNHM). 6: PUERTO RICO: Rio Grande; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.81837&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.32367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.81837/lat 18.32367)">El Verde Field Station</a>; 18.32367°N, 65.81837°W; 21JUNE2017 307m, tree moss; E. Spiessberger, V. Ferreira. 9: PUERTO RICO; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.81837&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.32367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.81837/lat 18.32367)">Guilarte For. Res.; Hwy. 131&amp;158</a>, July; 23,197 9 LB. O’ Brien (WIBF). 6: PUERTO RICO; Guilarte For. Res.; Hwy. 131&amp;158, July; 23,1979 CW. O’ Brien (3 WIBF, 2 MNHN, 1 SMNS). 1: PUERTO RICO, Hwy.; 131K5H1, Guilarte; For. Res ., July23,; 1979 L.B. O’ Brien (WIBF). 8: PUERTO RICO, Hwy.; 131&amp;518, Guilarte; For. Res., July24; 1979 G.B. Marshall (7 WIBF, 1 SMNS). 3: PUERTO RICO; Guilarte For. Res.; Hwy. 131&amp;158, July; 23,1979 GB Marshall (WIBF). 8: PUERTO RICO, Gui-; larteSt.For., Hdqts.; Tr. VIII-5-1999, C.W.; O’ Brien, P.W. Kovarik (FSCA). 1: PUERTO RICO,; Guilarte St. For.; VIII-2-199, C.W.; O’ Brien, P. Kovarik (FSCA). 1: P. RICO: Adjuntas; Guillarte For. Res.; 3.VIII.1999, P.W.; Kovarik, collector; beating nr. Rt.-131 (WIBF). 3: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Toro Negro D.,; Hwy. 143,K 19H4, 7-; 22-1979 GB. Marshall (WIBF). 1: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Toro Negro D.,; Hwy. 143,K18H6, 7-; 22-1979; LB. O’ Brien (WIBF). 1: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Toro Negro D.,; Hwy. 143,K18H6, 7-; 22-1979; CW. O’ Brien (WIBF). 2: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Toro Negro D.,; K19H9, Hwy.143, July; 22,197 9 LB. O’ Brien (WIBF). 2: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Toro Negro D.,; Hwy. 143,K19H4, 7-; 22-1979; CW. O’ Brien (WIBF). 3: Cerro Dona Juana; Toro Negro Forest; Puerto Rico / 28.XII.1966 -; 4.I.1967; S. Peck carrion trap; 900 m. elev. (FMNH). 1: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Toro Negro D.,; Hwy. 143,K 18H4, 7-; 21-1979 GB. Marshall (WIBF). 6: 18°18’10’’N, 065°54’73’’W; PUERO RICO: Rio; Grande, El Yunque Nat.; For., Mt. Britton Tr., 4-; 12.VIII.1999, P. Kovarik (4 WIBF, 2 CMNH). 4: PUERTO RICO, El; Yunque, Mt. Britton; Tr. viii-4-1999, C.W.; O’ Brien, P. Kovarik (FSCA). 1: same data, except date, viii-6- 1999. (FSCA). 2: PUERTO RICO, El; Yunque, Mt. Britton; Tr. Viii-11-1999, tree; ferns, C.W.O’ Brien (FSCA). 2: PUERTO RICO:; Caribbean Nat. Forest; Mt. Britton summit; 06 AUG 1999, 941m; P. Kovarik, leaf litter (WIBF). 11: WEST INDIES: Puerto; Rico, Carib. Nat. For.; base Mt. Britton Tr.; 17 March 1983; R.S. Miller colr. (7 WIBF, 1 BMNH, 2 ADSC, 1 RLAC). 1: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F.., Mt. BrittonTr.,; dwarf forest, 7-29-; 1979 L.B.O’ Brien (WIBF). 1: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., Mt. Britton; Trail, July19,1979; C.W.O’ Brien (WIBF). 1: same data, except collector, G.B. Marshall (WIBF). 3: PUERTO RICO:; Luquillo Nat. For.; El Verde Res. Sta.; 27-31 DEC 2001; M. A. Ivie colr. (WIBF). 3: PUERTO RICO:; Luquillo Nat. For; El Yunque Trail; 30 DC 2001; M. Huben (WIBF). 2: PUERTO RICO:; El Verde Research Sta; ridge tops in forest; 02-30 SEP 1996; E. Nazario, pitfall (WIBF). 2: El Yunque; c. 3,000 ft, P.R.; May 1938; Darlington (MCZC). 4: PuertoRico; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.591736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.17225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.591736/lat 18.17225)">El Yunque</a>; 22-XII-36/ Sta 351; Chapin and; Blackwelder (NMNH). 4: PuertoRico; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.591736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.17225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.591736/lat 18.17225)">El Yunque</a>; 18-XII-36/ Sta 347; Chapin and; Blackwelder (NMNH). 2: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.G., El Yunque Hwy.; (191) K12H7, July19,; 1979 L.B. O’ Brien (1 WIBF, 1 RLAC). 1: PUERTO RICO: Sa.; Luquillo, El Yunque; 17AUG1954 (INHS). 1: Puerto Rico:; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-2.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -2.2/lat 2.1)">El. Yunque</a>; elev. 2,100 -2,200 ’; Ex Bromeliad/ 15-24 Feb. 1969; T. &amp; B. Hlavac (MCZC.). 1: EL YUNQUE; P.R. DECAYING; WOOD/ INTERCEPT; JAN. 30,1967/ 67-;7124 (NMNH). 7: Maricao Forest; 2-3,000 ft, P.R.; May 30-June 2,’38; Darlington (MCZC). 4: PUERTO RICO: Maricao; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.591736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.17225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.591736/lat 18.17225)">St. For.</a>, 01JUL1958; M.W. Sanderson; beating &amp; sweeping (2 INHS, 2 WIBF). 1: PUERTO RICO, Hwy.; 120, K10H2, Maricao; For. Res., July 26,; 1979 C.W. O’ Brien (WIBF). 3: Maricao PR; fish hatchery; VIII-8-61/ collected by; Flint Spangler, (NMNH). 1: PUERTO RICO, Hwy.; 120, km. 15-16, Maricao; St. For. Viii-10-1999,C.; W.O’ Brien, P.Kovarik (FSCA). 2: PUERTO RICO, Mari-; cao For. Res., Hwy.; 120, K13H8, July26,; 1979 L.B. O’ Brien (WIBF). 2: PUERTO RICO: San German; Reserva For. Maricao; km. 162 on Rt. 120; 08AUG1999, P.W. Kovarik; leaf litter Berlese (WIBF). 5: Ponce P.R.; Dec. 5, 1933; RGOakley (NMNH). 4: Ponce PR; Dec 5.33; RG Oakley; S1 4789-3 (NMNH). 2: Araca Catechu; Principal Finca; Adjuntas, P.R.; Coll. 23 Oct.33; R.G. Oakley (NMNH). 1: Araca catechu; Adjuntas P.R.; X-23- 1933; R.G. Oakley; San Juan 4789 (NMNH). 1: Adjuntas. P.R.; Feb. 13, 1954 / J. Maldonado; S. Medina Colls. (NMNH) . 1: Picachos, Mts, P.R; III-30-1929./ Coll: A.S. Muller./ Stuart T. Danforth; Collection (MCZC). 10: PUERTO RICO: Guavate-; Carite St. For., Cerro la; Santa, 17JULY1958, summit; trail, beating and sweep; M.W. Sanderson PR58-16 (5 INHS, 5 WIBF). 2: PUERTO RICO: Carite; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.591736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.17225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.591736/lat 18.17225)">Native Forest</a>; APRIL 1999; M.A. Garcia, CNF6 (WIBF). 1: PUERTO RICO, Hwy.; 184, K21H9, Carite; For. Res. July20,; 1979 C.W.O’ Brien (WIBF). 28: PUERTO RICO:; El Yunque; 16-17 JULY 1958; M.W. Sanderson (WIBF). 9: PUERTO RICO:; Caribbean Nat. Forest; El Yunque Trail; 610-1050m, 23SEP1987; M.A. Ivie, beating (8 WIBF, 1 BMNH). 1: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Yunque Hwy.; (191) K12H7, July29,; 1979 G.B. Marshall (WIBF). 1: same data as previous, except, K11H2, July19 (WIBF). 1: same data as previous, except, C.W. O’ Brien (WIBF). 2: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Yunque Hwy.,; (191) K11H4, July 29; 1979 L.B. O’ Brien (WIBF). 2: same data as previous, except, C.W. O’ Brien (WIBF). 3: WEST INDIES: Puerto; Rico, Carib. Nat. For.; km. 12 on Hwy. 191; 18 March 1983; R.S. Miller colr. (WIBF). 1: PUERTO RICO: Carib.; Nat. For., S. of Palmer; 500-700ft, 25 SEP 1987; M.A. Ivie, under bark (WIBF). 5: El Yunque St.,; Luquillo Forest,; P.R. VII 2-5,1969; H.&amp;A. Howden (CNCI). 1: same data as previous, except, VII 6-9,1969 (CNCI). 1: same data as previous, except, VII 10-16, 1969 (CNCI). 5: PUERTO RICO, Carib.; N.F., El Yunque Hwy.; (191) K12H7, July 29,; 1979 C.W.O’ Brien (3 WIBF, 2 CMNC). 3: same data as previous, except, L.B.O’ Brien (WIBF). 1: PUERTO RICO:; Caribbean Nat. For.; East Peak Rd. 670m; 22SEP1987, M.A.Ivie; ex fungus on log (WIBF). 1: PUERTO RICO; Monte de Estado; Area Recreativa; k.13,Rte.120 / 750m. (Rain; Forest); 20.VI.1969; W.C. Gagne (MCZC). 1: PUERTO RICO:; P.R. Univ. Biol Sta .; Muni. Rio Grande; 11-17-1969 / 670 m. elev.; Banana leaf; Coll. L. Herman (MCZC). 10: PUERTO RICO: Maricao,; Maricao at 18°8.890’N; 66°58.932’W 902m. Arboreal; moss sifting. 6.ix.2014; A.S. Konstantinov. WP-486 (7 WIBF, 3 NMNH). 6: PUERTO RICO: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.838135&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.276066" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.838135/lat 18.276066)">El Yunque Natl.; For., El Toro Tr.</a> At 18°16.564’N; 65°50.288’W. 933m. Arboreal; &amp; rock moss sifting. 8.ix.2014; A.S. Konstantinov. WP-489 (4 WIBF, 2 MHNG). 4: PUERTO RICO: Jayuya,; Toro Negro at 18°10.335’N; 66°35.504’W. 1,350m. WP-479; Arboreal moss sifting. 3 Sept; 2014. A.S. Konstantinov (3 WIBF, 1 NMNH). 13: PUERTO RICO: Caribbean;Nat.For.,Hwy.191,vic.; Palmas de Sierra,km. 12-; 134, 25-V-1994; M.C. Thomas, beating (FSCA). 2: PUERTO RICO: Caribbean; Nat.For.,Hwy191,vic.; Palmas de Sierra; 24-V-1994, M.C.Thomas (FSCA). 1: PUERTO RICO: Caribbean; Nat.For.,Mt.Britton; Trail, 28-V-1994; M.C.Thomas, beating (FSCA) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Prototyrtaeus obrieni has two major forms. The most distinct form has matte integument and a red antenna, whereas the second form has shiny integument and a yellow antenna, which makes it similar to P. pecki. There are also intermediate grades between these two forms. The easiest way to separate these species is by checking the lateral area of the metaventrite and the aedeagi. Prototyrtaeus obrieni has the lateral area of the metaventrite smooth or weakly punctate, while P. pecki has the metaventrite strongly punctate. Prototyrtaeus obrieni has a thinner aedeagus (Fig. 17c) with an acute apicale tip, while P. pecki has a wider aedeagus (Fig. 17d) with a broad and rounded apicale tip.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Charles William O’ Brien (1933–2019), who, along with his constant companion, Lois Ruth O’ Brien, nee Breimeier, collected not only part of this type series, but contributed massively to our knowledge of West Indian beetles through his indefatigable collecting efforts throughout the region. The O’ Briens each collected specimens of three of the 14 species of Prototyrtaeus.</p><p>Description. 1.7–2.5 mm long, 1.3–1.5 mm wide. Dorsal surface greenish bronze, bronze, or light brown without distinct setation, only a few microsetae and a few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, matte or shiny; antenna red or pale yellow to brownish. Head not as wide as anterior edge of pronotum, frons moderately, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet, scarcely setose; epistomal suture moderately marked; clypeus setose with a higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15d), antennomere 2 subequal in length, slightly wider than 3, antennomeres 7–9 forming club, gradually decreasing in width, antennomere 7 widest, club subequal or slightly longer than antennomeres 1–6, last antennomere rounded at apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, widest at base, sparsely, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; all margins beaded, anterior margin bisinuate, lateral margin nearly straight or slightly rounded, strongly beaded, bead gradually wider posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, with faint, shallow, small punctures, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum with line of weak punctures. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 acute (Fig. 16i), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17c) elongate and narrow, basale and apicale subequal in length, apicale convergent at apical third, narrowing at apex; in lateral view, aedeagus slightly curved medially.</p><p>Distribution. Puerto Rico (Fig. 20).</p><p>Biology. This species was collected by ELS at the El Verde Field Station on palm trees covered in moss. This species may be confused in the field with the similar looking Loxostethus unicolor Triplehorn, 1962, which is common on fungi, rather than moss, on the same and nearby trees.</p><p>Remarks. A specimen recorded by Wolcott (1936, 1951) as “doubtfully determined by Mr. H. S. Barber” as a Lioon Casey, 1912 ( Byrrhidae) is actually a misidentified specimen of P. obrieni, included here as a paratype. Wolcott (1936) mentioned that the specimen had a sample number of 4789, and in his next work (Wolcott 1951) he stated that it was taken by R. G. Oakley at Adjuntas. These details are recorded on the label of the specimen, found in NMNH material that was on loan for decades and only recently became available. Wolcott’ s record was the only unresolved West Indian Byrrhidae, and the family can now be removed from West Indian faunal lists.Bizarrely,this is the sole mention in the scientific literature that we can link to any member of Prototyrtaeus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F150CFFC66AA2B3E8BBBBBAAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F1511FFC668C0B78CB96BBEAC.text	03C54C7F1511FFC668C0B78CB96BBEAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus pecki Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus pecki Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 81DB3265-B8AB-4B45-A37A-A49FCA69D444</p><p>(Figs. 5, 15e, 16j, 17d)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. PUERTO RICO, B265; Aguas Buenas, forest; at Aguas Buenas Cave; 7- 17.V.73, 250m.; S. Peck et al. (CNCI) . Paratypes (38). 29: Same locality data as holotype (20 CNCI, 9 WIBF). 5: PTO.RICO, Aguas; Buenas, 7-17.V.; 1973, S.Peck; Berlese 265 (4 CNCI, 1 WIBF). 4: PUERTO RICO: Aguas Buenas; Forest at Aguas Buenas; Cave, 250m, 07-17MAY1973; S. Peck, Berlese #265; FMNH#73 – 4, 93KG, 171 liters (2 FMNH, 2 WIBF) .</p><p>Additional Material. Two disarticulated specimens with the same locality as the holotype are excluded from the type series (WIBF).</p><p>Diagnosis. Prototyrtaeus pecki can be easily confused when P. obrieni has the “shiny form” that includes a yellow antenna. Details of the lateral area of the metaventrite and the aedeagus are the way to differentiate P. pecki from this shiny form of P. obrieni. Prototyrtaeus pecki has the lateral area of the metaventrite strongly punctate, while P. obrieni has it smooth or weakly punctate. The aedeagus of P. pecki is wide, with the apicale broad and rounded apically (Fig. 17d), while the aedeagus of P. obrieni is narrow, with the apicale acute at the apex (Fig. 17c).</p><p>Etymology. Named in honor of Stewart Blaine Peck, who collected the type series and has contributed both extensive collections and publications that increase our knowledge and understanding of the West Indian beetle fauna. Peck collected specimens of five of the 14 species of Prototyrtaeus, tied for second only to Darlington’ s amazing record of 11 species.</p><p>Description. 1.8–2.3 mm long, 1.2–1.3 mm wide. Dorsal surface bronze or light brown without distinct setation, only a few microsetae and a few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna yellowish brown or light brown. Head not as wide as anterior edge of pronotum, frons moderately, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet, glabrous; epistomal suture moderately marked; clypeus setose with higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15e), antennomere 2 subequal in length, slightly wider than 3, antennomeres 7–9 forming club, gradually decreasing in width, antennomere 7 widest, club subequal or slightly longer than antennomeres 1–6, last antennomere rounded or oval at apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, widest at base, sparsely, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; all margins beaded, anterior margin bisinuate, lateral margin nearly straight or slightly rounded, strongly beaded, bead width gradually increasing posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, with faint, shallow, small punctures, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area strongly punctate; metanepisternum with line of strong punctures. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 acute (Fig. 16j), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17d) short, wide, basale and apicale subequal in length, apicale broadly rounded at apex, converging at apical fourth; in lateral view, aedeagus curved medially.</p><p>Distribution. Puerto Rico (Fig. 20).</p><p>Biology. This species was extracted from sifted litter with Berlese funnels. The litter was from a sink area known as Los Sumideros near Aguas Buenas Cave (Peck 1974).</p><p>Remarks. The type series was collected at 250 m elevation, outside a central Puerto Rican limestone cave (Fig. 20). The habitat was briefly discussed by Peck (1974). All of the known specimens were taken by Berlese from 171 L of sifted litter, sifted from 93 kg of litter, for an average of one specimen per 2.25 kg of forest litter. This litter covered 82 m 2 of forest floor (S. B. Peck, in litt.). Of course, they may have been clumped instead of evenly spread, but these data on yield are unique to our knowledge. This species, along with P. gracilicornis, differs from others in being collected from litter rather than specifically with moss, lichen, or fungi.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1511FFC668C0B78CB96BBEAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F1511FFC76AD8B38AB9D0B9F7.text	03C54C7F1511FFC76AD8B38AB9D0B9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus gracilicornis Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus gracilicornis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 40665496-4994-4763-ADD5-F70CD1F7F296</p><p>(Figs. 6, 15f, 16k, 17e)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. PUERTO RICO:; Caribbean Nat. For.; Pico El Yunque, 1005m; 23SEP1987, M.A. Ivie; litter und. Treefern (WIBF, to be deposited in the NMNH) . Paratypes (19). 5: Same locality data as holotype (3 WIBF, 1 CMNH, 1 CNCI). 6: El Yunque; c. 3,000 ft, P.R.; May 1938; Darlington (5 MCZC, 1 WIBF). 2: PUERTO RICO; El Yunque Peak; III-28-1970 litter; R. Lavigne (WIBF). 1: West Peak; Puerto Rico (MCZC). 1: Luquillo Forest; East Peak, P.R.; July. 15, 1969; H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI). 1: PUERTO RICO:; El Verde Research Sta; ridge tops in forest; 02-30 SEP 1996; E. Nazario, pitfall (WIBF). 3: PUERTO RICO: Liquillo [sic]; Forest, Big Tree trail; 05 DEC 1959, G.F. Haas; ex forest debris (2 INHS, 1 WIBF) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by having a non-metallic integument, a unicolored antenna with antennomere 3 distinctly longer than 2 (Fig. 15f), and the head with confluent punctures forming strigulae (more evident under LED white light). It is the only species with acute anterior angles on the pronotum, the anterior margin of the pronotum beaded, the pronotum widest at base, and the intercoxal process of ventrite 1 rounded (Fig. 16k).</p><p>Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective that refers to the thin and slightly elongate antennae of this species.</p><p>Description. 2.0– 2.5 mm long, 1.2–1.5 mm wide. Dorsal surface brown without distinct setation, only a few microsetae and a few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny when less sclerotized; antenna brown. Head not as wide as anterior edge of pronotum, frons moderately coarsely punctate, punctures confluent, forming strigulae (more evident under LED white light), glabrous; epistomal suture moderately marked; clypeus setose with higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15f), antennomere 3 distinctly longer than 2, antennomere 6 distinctly thinner, shorter than 7, antennomeres 7–9 forming club, gradually decreasing in width, antennomere 7 widest, club shorter than antennomeres 1–6, last antennomere rounded at apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, widest at base, sparsely, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; all margins beaded, anterior margin bisinuate, lateral margin nearly straight, strongly beaded, bead width gradually increasing posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles acute, with bead of lateral margin weakly projecting forward, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, with faint, shallow, small punctures, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth; metanepisternum smooth. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 rounded (Fig. 16k), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17e) with basale twice longer than apicale; in lateral view, basal 2/3 of basale curved, apical fourth of apicale curved.</p><p>Distribution. Puerto Rico (Fig. 20).</p><p>Biology. The label data on this series indicate this species lives in litter on the ground, where it was taken under a tree fern.</p><p>Remarks. This species has been found only in the Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico. Like another Puerto Rican species of apparently limited distribution, P. pecki, this species seems to live in litter on the ground.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1511FFC76AD8B38AB9D0B9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F1510FFC06AA4B4A7BA8ABD89.text	03C54C7F1510FFC06AA4B4A7BA8ABD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus howdeni Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus howdeni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D1D835A7-FADA-4CE0-B8DC-B155DCB3BFE4</p><p>(Figs. 7, 15g, 16l, 17f)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. JAMAICA, 7400’; Blue Mt. Peak; VII.27-28.1966; Howden &amp; Becker (CNCI) . Paratypes (36). 21: same locality data as holotype (17 CNCI, 5 WIBF). 1: same data as holotype / J.F. Cornell; Collection; N.C. State; Univ.Raleigh (NCSU). 8: Main Range; Blue Mts.; 5-7388 ft.; Aug. 17-19/ Jamaica; 1934; Darlington (7 MCZC, 1 WIBF). 2: Cinchona, Jamaic[a]; 5000 ft. Jan.1912; C. T. Brues / Gift of; C.T.Brues (MCZC). 3: JAM., St Thomas P.; Portland Gap, 5500’; 17.XII.72- 1.I.1973; S&amp;J Peck, cloud; for., dung&amp;carrion tr. (2 CNCI, 1 WIBF). 1: JAM., St Thomas P.; Blue Mts. Peak, 7400’; 1.I.1973, S&amp;J; Peck. Ber.252. (CNCI) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by its non-metallic integument; unicolored antenna with seven antennomeres (Fig. 15g); the pronotum widest at the base, weakly transverse, and beaded anterior margin; and intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded (Fig. 16l). Prototyrtaeus howdeni may be confused with P. sandersoni and P. beckeri. It can be differentiated from P. sandersoni by the less convex body, the moderately punctate frons, and larger size (2.4–3.3 mm). It can be differentiated from P. beckeri by the lack of a longitudinal elevation along the elytral suture and presence of four long elytral setae (Fig. 16a), one long seta behind the basal margin, a pair of long setae above the lateral groove on the basal fourth of the elytron, and one long seta above the lateral groove on the apical third of the elytron.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for Henry Fuller Howden (1925–2014), longtime mentor, inspiration, and friend of MAI and dozens of other coleopterists lucky enough to have known him. He and his friend Ed Becker collected the majority of the type series. Howden collected specimens of five of the 14 species of Prototyrtaeus, tied for second to only Darlington’ s amazing record of 11 species.</p><p>Description. 2.4–3.3 mm long, 1.4–1.6 mm wide. Dorsal surface piceous, convex, more attenuate behind, less declivous in lateral view, without distinct setation, only a few microsetae and a few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna yellow or light brown. Head not as wide as anterior edge of pronotum, frons moderately, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet, glabrous; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus bearing 1 row of long, golden setae at the apex; labrum densely setose; antenna with 7 antennomeres (Fig. 15g), antennomere 2 slightly wider than 3, antennomeres after 3 gradually widening, 7 forming club of 3 fused antennomeres, oval, club length subequal to antennomeres 2–6. Pronotum weakly transverse, widest at base, moderately, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; all margins beaded, anterior margin slightly bisinuate, lateral margin above lateral bead nearly straight, strongly beaded, bead width gradually increasing posteriorly, visible setae from dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead sometimes nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, finely punctate, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area weakly punctate; metanepisternum weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, completely setose ventrally, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded (Fig. 16l), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17f) apicale curved medially, half length of basale, basale curved medially and on posterior third, median lobe slightly exceeding apicale.</p><p>Distribution. Jamaica (Fig. 18).</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Little about this species is recorded on the label data. The fact that a few were taken in a baited pitfall trap and by Berlese funnel indicates a terrestrial habitat. Howden and Becker are known to have collected by beating on this trip, and further examination of their field notes may give some insight.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1510FFC06AA4B4A7BA8ABD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F1517FFC16ADAB6B7B909BAE0.text	03C54C7F1517FFC16ADAB6B7B909BAE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus sandersoni Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus sandersoni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CBA1A957-170B-48BF-9A5C-4C9C7A5FA921</p><p>(Figs. 8, 15h, 16l, 17g)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. Jamaica, Brit.; West Indies/ Hardwar Gap,; Portland Par.; 4000’ 03AUG1956; B&amp;B Valentine/ Hardwood cloud; forest, beating (WIBF, to be deposited in NMNH) . Paratypes (48). 5: same locality data as holotype (WIBF). 1: JAMAICA, 4000’; Hardwar Gap; VII.4.1966; A.T. Howden (CNCI). 3: same locality data as previous, except, Howden &amp; Becker (1 CNCI, 2 WIBF). 1: same locality data as previous, except VII.5.1966 (CNCI). 1: JAMAICA, 4000’; Hardwar Gap; VII.10.1966; A. T. Howden (CNCI). 1: same locality data as previous, except, Howden &amp; Becker (CNCI). 1: same locality data as previous, except, VII.12.1966 (CNCI). 1: same locality data as previous, except, VII.13.1966 (CNCI). 2: same locality data as previous, except, VII.16.1966 (1 CNCI, 1 WIBF). 1: same locality data as previous, except, VII.17.1966 (WIBF). 3: JAM., St Andrew P.; Hardwar Gap; 16.XII.1973; S&amp;J Peck (2 CNCI, 1 WIBF). 1: JAMAICA: St. Andrew; Par., Hardwar Gap; 4380 ft., 8AUG1985; M. A. Ivie colr. (WIBF). 1: JAMAICA, Portland; P., Hardwar Gap; Dec,5,1975 C.W.&amp;L.; O’ Brien &amp; Marshall (FSCA). 1: JAMAICA: Portland; Par., Hardwar Gap; 09MAY1950; Acc. No. 49613 5-4 (INHS). 2: Main Range; Blue Mts.; 5-7388 ft.; Aug. 17-19/ Jamaica; 1934; Darlington (1 MCZC, 1 WIBF). 1: JAMAICA, 7400’; Blue Mt. Peak; VII.27- 28.1966; Howden &amp; Becker (CNCI). 1: JAMAICA:; 6MI. N.MAVIS BANK; JUNE 1 1966 / B. K. DOZIER; COLL.(FSCA). 1: Mt. Diablo, Jamaica; St. Ann Par.; IV-3-68/ J.F. Lawrence; Lot. 2553/ Peck &amp; Fiske; Collectors (MCZC). 1: Whitfield Hall; Blue Mts .; nr 4500 ft.; Aug. 13-20/ Jamaica; 1934; Darlington (MCZC). 1: JAMAICA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.727036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.0861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.727036/lat 18.0861)">St. Andrew,; Holywell Pk. (Hardwar Gap)</a>; 18°5.166’N 76°43.622’W; 1,230m. Moss sifting. 22 July; 2015. A.S. Konstantinov (WIBF). 5: JAMAICA: St. Catherine; Par, 1 mi. N.Flat Brdg; above RioCobre Gorge; 27JUN1958, MSanderson/ beating &amp;; sweeping veg. (3 INHS, 2 WIBF). 1: JAMAICA: Hardwar; Gap, Portland Par.; 09MAY1950; Acc. No. 49614 (WIBF). 5: JAMAICA: Portland; N side of Mossman’ s Peak; 24.VIII.1980 1550m; A. Norrbom (3 CMNH, 2 WIBF). 3: same locality data as previous, except, 1600m (CMNH). 2: same locality data as previous except, 26.VIII.1980 1300m (1 CMNH, 1 WIBF). 1: same locality data as previous, except, 1400m (CMNH). 1: JAMAICA: St. Thomas; Portland Gap 1550m; 24.VIII.1980; A. Norrbom / beating (CMNH) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by its non-metallic integument; the strongly convex body; the antenna unicolorous and with seven antennomeres (Fig. 15h); the pronotum transverse, widest at base, with the anterior margin beaded; and the broadly rounded intercoxal process of ventrite 1 (Fig. 16l). Prototyrtaeus sandersoni can be confused with P. howdeni and P. beckeri. It can be differentiated from P. howdeni by the strongly convex body, the sparsely punctate frons, and small body size (1.3–2.0 mm). It can be differentiated from P. beckeri by lacking a longitudinal elevation along the elytral suture and having at least three long elytral setae (Figs. 16a, b).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for Milton William Sanderson (1910–2012), in honor of his contributions to West Indian entomology through his extensive collections in Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola. He collected specimens of three of the 14 species of Prototyrtaeus.</p><p>Description. 1.3–2.0 mm long, 0.9–1.3 mm wide. Dorsal surface piceous, strongly convex, rounded behind, more declivous in lateral view, without distinct setation, only a few microsetae and a few longer setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna yellow or light brown. Head not as wide as anterior edge of pronotum, frons sparsely, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet, glabrous; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus bearing long, golden setae at the apical corners, not medially; labrum densely setose; antenna with 7 antennomeres (Fig. 15h), antennomere 2 slightly wider than 3, antennomeres after 3 gradually widening, 7 forming club of 3 fused antennomeres, rounded to oval, club length subequal to antennomeres 2–6. Pronotum transverse, widest at base, moderately, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; all margins beaded, anterior margin slightly bisinuate, lateral margin above lateral bead nearly straight, strongly beaded, bead width gradually increasing posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead sometimes nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, finely punctate, 1 long seta behind basal margin or absent, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Figs. 16a, b). Metaventrite short, lateral area weakly punctate; metanepisternum weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded (Fig. 16l), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17g) evenly curved medially, basale and apicale subequal in length, median lobe not exceeding apicale.</p><p>Distribution. Jamaica (Fig. 19).</p><p>Biology. Nothing is recorded on the biology of this species.</p><p>Remarks. The majority of specimens of this species were taken by beating in the hardwood cloud forests around Hardwar Gap and Blue Mountain Peak.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1517FFC16ADAB6B7B909BAE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F1516FFC26AA3B7BBBB4ABF4B.text	03C54C7F1516FFC26AA3B7BBBB4ABF4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus beckeri Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus beckeri Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 03A52BDF-244D-4138-84E9-F2B1C9C01DB5</p><p>(Figs. 9, 15i, 16m, 17h)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. JAMAICA, 7400’; Blue Mt. Peak; VII.27-28.1966; Howden &amp; Becker (CNCI) . Paratypes (16). 15: same locality data as holotype (10 CNCI, 5 WIBF). 1: JAMAICA, 4000’; Hardwar Gap; VII.4.1966; Howden &amp; Becker (CNCI) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by its non-metallic integument; a unicolored antenna with seven antennomeres (Fig. 15i); and the weakly transverse pronotum, with the anterior margin beaded, and widest at the base or middle. It is the only species with a longitudinal elevation along the elytral margin and the intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded (Fig. 16m). The only other species with seven antennomeres are P. howdeni and P. sandersoni, but they lack the raised elytral margin. Prototyrtaeus beckeri have just one long seta above the lateral groove on the basal fourth of the elytron (Fig. 16c), whereas the other species have more.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Edward C. Becker (1923–2008), co-collector with his friend Henry Howden of all known specimens of this species. He was a friend to all and a highly respected coleopterist. Becker collected specimens of five of the 14 species of Prototyrtaeus, tied for second to only Darlington’ s amazing record of 11 species.</p><p>Description. 1.8–2.2 mm long, 1.2–1.3 mm wide. Dorsal surface piceous, not strongly convex, without distinct setation, only few microsetae, shiny; antenna yellow or light brown. Head not as wide as anterior edge of pronotum, frons moderately, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet, glabrous; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus bearing a row of long, golden setae at the apex; labrum densely setose; antenna with seven antennomeres (Fig. 15i), antennomere 2 slightly wider than 3, antennomeres after 3 gradually widening, 7 forming club of 3 fused antennomeres, oval, club length subequal to antennomeres 2–6. Pronotum weakly transverse, widest at base or middle, sparsely, finely punctate, punctures very shallow, smaller than eye facet; all margins beaded, beads not connected at angles, anterior margin slightly bisinuate, lateral margin above lateral bead sinuate on basal third, bead width gradually increasing posteriorly, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin slightly arcuate, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron without striae, finely punctate, 1 long seta above lateral groove (if missing, distinct puncture present) on basal fourth (Fig. 16c); weak longitudinal elevation along elytral margin. Metaventrite short, lateral area weakly punctate; metanepisternum weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded (Fig. 16m), sparsely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17h) apicale curved medially, half length of basale, basale curved medially and on posterior third.</p><p>Distribution. Jamaica (Fig. 18).</p><p>Biology. Nothing is known about the biology of this species.</p><p>Remarks. Also known from the Blue Mountains and Hardwar Gap, a few of the paratypes of this species actually bear the same labels, i.e., were taken during the same events, as some specimens of P. sandersoni.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1516FFC26AA3B7BBBB4ABF4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F1515FFC368EDB260B86DBF23.text	03C54C7F1515FFC368EDB260B86DBF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus darlingtoni Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus darlingtoni Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 80A97106-F51A-49C9-8A74-51D3A9965C6D</p><p>(Figs. 10, 15j, 16n, 17i)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. CUBA: Granma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.84065&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.01447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.84065/lat 20.01447)">P.N. Pico; Turquino, Aguada de Joachim</a>,; 20.01447 -76.84065, 1359m,; 27.ix.2014, R. Anderson, F. Cala; Riquelme, A. Deler Hernandez,; 2014-018X, beating mont. Forest (CMNC) . Paratypes (23). 6: Pico Turquino; S. side; June 1936; 3000-5000 ft. / Cuba 1936; Darlington; Collector (5 MCZC, 1 WIBF). 1: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.84065&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.01447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.84065/lat 20.01447)">Pico Turquino</a>; June 16-21, 1936; 6000 ft. (summit)/ Cuba 1936; Darlington; Collector (MCZC). 1: CUBA: Granma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.834/lat 20.013)">P. N. Pico; Turquino, Pico de Joachim</a>; 20.013°N, 76.834°W; 1660m, 27SEP2014, RAnderson; montane forest litter (WIBF). 5: CUBA: Granma; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.01309" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.834/lat 20.01309)">Parque Nacional Pico Turquino</a>; 1660m, 20.01309 -76.83400,; IV.2012, CarBio Team, montane; forest litter, CU-06 (2 CMNC, 3 WIBF). 1: CUBA: GRANMA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.63971&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.01463" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.63971/lat 20.01463)">Parque; Nacional Pico Turquino; Aguada de Joaquin</a>, 1368m,; 20.01463 -76.63971, 24.V.2012; F. Cala Riquelme &amp; Deler; Hernandez, montane forest litter (CMNC). 1: CUBA: Granma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.83377&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.99258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.83377/lat 19.99258)">P.N. Pico; Turquino, slope Pico Turquino</a>,; 19.99258 -76.83377, 1800m,; 28.ix2014, R. Anderson, F. Cala; Riquelme, A. Deler Hernandez; 2014-019, montane forest litter (CMNC). 3: same data as previous specimen, except for: 19.99323 -76.83408, 1804m; 2014-021 (1 CMNC, 2 WIBF). 3: CUBA: Granma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.834/lat 20.013)">P.N. Pico; Turquino, Pico de Joachim</a>,; 20.013 -76.834, 1660m,; 27.ix.2014, R. Anderson, F. Cala; Riquelme, A. Deler Hernandez; 2014-018, montane forest litter (1 CMNC, 2 WIBF). 1: CUBA: Granma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.83562&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.99008" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.83562/lat 19.99008)">P.N. Pico; Turquino, Pico Turquino</a>,; 19.99008 -76.83562, 1955m; 28.ix.2014, R. Anderson, F. Cala; Riquelme, A. Deler Hernandez; 2014-020, elfin forest litter (CMNC). 1: CUBA: Granma, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.84065&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.01447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.84065/lat 20.01447)">P.N. Pico; Turquino, Aguada de Joachim</a>,; 20.01447 -76.84065, 1359m,; 27.ix.2014, R. Anderson, F. Cala; Riquelme, A. Deler Hernandez,; 2014-018 a, mont. For. Litter (CMNC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the metallic integument; a unicolored antenna with antennomere 3 distinctly longer than 2 (Fig. 15j); and the transverse pronotum widest at the middle and lacking an anterior marginal bead. The intercoxal process of ventrite 1 is broadly rounded (Fig. 16n), and the mesotarsus has the first tarsomere distinctly enlarged (Fig. 16d). This the only species to have a somewhat flattened protibia with a glabrous ventral area on the apical half.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the prominent collector and carabid specialist Philip Jackson Darlington, Jr. (1904–1983), the collector of some specimens of the type series of this species. Darlington collected a member of the type series of a remarkable 11 of the 14 species of Prototyrtaeus, more than double the number of any other collector (H. Howden, M. Ivie, S. Peck are next with a mere five each). Considering the transportation available during Darlington’ s time in the West Indies (1934–1938) and the remote locations he reached, this is a remarkable record indeed.</p><p>Description. 3.5–4.0 mm long, 2.0– 2.5 mm wide. Dorsal surface metallic green, glabrous except for a few long setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna light brown. Head width subequal to anterior edge of pronotum, coarsely punctate, frons glabrous, punctures evenly distributed, punctures subequal to eye facet; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus short, setose with a higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15j), antennomere 3 distinctly longer (about two times) than antennomere 2, antennomeres 7–9 forming club, gradually increasing in width, antennomere 9 widest or 8 and 9 equally wide, last antennomere rounded at apex. Pronotum moderately transverse, widest at middle, densely, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet; anterior margin without bead, lateral margin rounded, strongly beaded, width not varying, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, not projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron punctato-striate, shallowly punctate, with few punctures on interstriae, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum smooth or weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia somewhat flattened, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, sometimes with glabrous area ventrally on apical half, tarsomere 1 distinctly (Fig. 16d) or weakly enlarged, longer, sometimes wider than 2+3. Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 broadly rounded (Fig. 16n), sparsely, finely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17i) with basale and apicale subequal in length, basale straight on basal fourth, curved on apical threefourths, apicale slightly narrowed on apical fourth, slightly truncate apically, slightly narrowed on basal fourth, median lobe slightly exceeding apicale.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Cuba (Fig. 19).</p><p>Biology. Specimens were collected at high altitude (915–1,830 m) in montane forest litter.</p><p>Remarks. This species is only known from the environs of Pico Turquino, the highest peak on Cuba. As so often happens, it is not known if this is a real case of local endemism or the result of collecting bias, but Pico Turquino is the destination of virtually every collector in eastern Cuba.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1515FFC368EDB260B86DBF23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F1514FFCC68D8B2F2B862BA46.text	03C54C7F1514FFCC68D8B2F2B862BA46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus maestrensis Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus maestrensis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1EEBE90C-E8EC-4C35-AB7E-0AE3ED40B774</p><p>(Figs. 11, 15k, 16o, 17j)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. CUBA: GRANMA; Alto de Meri~ no, nr. Biological; Station, 958 m, 5- 10.III.2013; 19°59’9’’N 77°0’57’’W; pluviselva litter, F. Cala-Riquelme; &amp; A. Deler-Hernández (CMNC) . Paratypes (16): 16: same locality data as holotype (8 CMNC, 8 WIBF) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by its metallic integument; bicolored antenna with antennomere 3 distinctly longer than 2 (Fig. 15k); and the transverse pronotum widest at the middle and lacking a bead on the anterior margin. The intercoxal process of ventrite 1 is moderately rounded (Fig. 16o). Only three species have a bicolored antenna, but P. maestrensis and P. turquinensis have a dark antenna with the apex of the apical antennomere paler, whereas P. duartei has the first four antennomeres black, and the remaining six light yellow. Prototyrtaeus maestrensis can be distinguished from P. turquinensis by having the first eight antennomeres black and the apex of antennomere 9 yellow, antennomere 4 longer than wide (Fig. 15k), the frons with evenly distributed punctures, and the pronotum coarsely punctate.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective based on the name of the Cuban mountain range, the Sierra Maestra.</p><p>Description. 2.4–2.8 mm long, 1.4–1.6 mm wide. Dorsal surface metallic green or bronze, glabrous except for a few long setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna black, yellow on apex of last antennomere. Head width subequal to anterior margin of pronotum, coarsely punctate, frons glabrous, punctures evenly distributed, punctures subequal to eye facet; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus short, setose with a higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15k), antennomere 3 distinctly longer than antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longer than wide, antennomeres 7–9 forming club gradually increasing in width, antennomere 9 widest or 8 and 9 equally wide, last antennomere rounded at apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, widest at middle, moderately, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet; anterior margin without bead, lateral margin rounded, strongly beaded, width not varying, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, not projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron punctatostriate, with a few punctures on interstriae, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum smooth or weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 moderately rounded (Fig. 16o), sparsely, finely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus (Fig. 17j) with basale almost twice longer than apicale, basale slightly narrowed on apical fourth, apicale converging on apical half, apically acute, slightly narrowed on basal fourth, median lobe slightly exceeding apicale; in lateral view, basale curved on basal 2/3, apicale straight.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Cuba (Fig. 19).</p><p>Biology. All the type specimens were collected during a single event at 958 m elevation on Alto de Meri~ no from rainforest litter.</p><p>Remarks. This seemingly restricted species may occur more widely in the mostly unsampled mountains to the north of the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F1514FFCC68D8B2F2B862BA46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F151BFFCC68D7B754BE15B80D.text	03C54C7F151BFFCC68D7B754BE15B80D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus felis Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus felis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 27595DF6-16DA-429A-BA02-1320987BDB0A</p><p>(Figs. 12, 15l, 16o)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. Loma del Gato; Cobre Range, O; July 3-7, 1936; about 3000ft. / Cuba 1936; Darlington; Collector (MCZC) . Paratypes (5). 4: same locality data as holotype (3 MCZC, 1 WIBF). 1: CUBA: Oriente, Loma; (Pico) del Gato, Sierra; Maestra, 26-28 MAR 1959; M. W. Sanderson (WIBF) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the metallic integument; antenna with antennomere 3 longer than 2, and 4 wider than long (Fig. 15l); transverse pronotum with the anterior margin without bead and widest at the middle; and intercoxal process of ventrite 1 moderately rounded (Fig. 16o). This species is similar to P. auranticornis and P. turquinensis, but it can be distinguished from P. auranticornis by the frons with punctures becoming sparser posteriorly and the impunctate metanepisternum, and from P. turquinensis by the unicolored antenna and glabrous, finely punctate frons.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is based on the name of the mountain where the type specimens were found, Loma del Gato, where “felis” is the generic name of the species of the domesticated house cat, Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758 ( Carnivora: Felidae), the only cat species on Cuba. The epithet is to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Description. 2.3–2.6 mm long, 1.4–1.5 mm wide. Dorsal surface metallic greenish bronze, glabrous except for a few long setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna yellow. Head width subequal to anterior edge of pronotum, finely punctate, frons glabrous, punctures becoming sparser posteriorly, punctures smaller than eye facet; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus short, setose with a higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15l), antennomere 3 longer than 2, antennomere 4 wider than long, antennomeres 7–9 forming club gradually increasing in width, antennomere 9 the widest or 8 and 9 equally wide, last antennomere rounded. Pronotum strongly transverse, widest at middle, moderately, finely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet; anterior margin without bead, lateral margin rounded, strongly beaded, width not varying, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, not projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron punctato-striate, with a few punctures on interstriae, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum smooth. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 moderately rounded (Fig. 16o), sparsely, finely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus not studied.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Cuba (Fig. 19).</p><p>Biology. Nothing is known of the biology of this species.</p><p>Remarks. All of the specimens of this species were collected either before the Cuban Revolution or during the months shortly following the rise of the new regime. The area is currently a national park, and some collecting has occurred in the area since then, but no further specimens are known to us.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F151BFFCC68D7B754BE15B80D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F151BFFCD6AD8B510B8C1BE06.text	03C54C7F151BFFCD6AD8B510B8C1BE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus turquinensis Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus turquinensis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7888138B-C724-466A-AD67-93EE46A3F8E5</p><p>(Figs. 13, 15m, 16o)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. Pico Turquino; S. side, 1500 ft.; June 25, 1936 / Cuba 1936; Darlington; Collector (MCZC) . Paratype (2). 1: same locality data as holotype (MCZC). CUBA: Granma; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.8895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.01065" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.8895/lat 20.01065)">P.N. Pico Turquino, La Platica</a>; 20.01065 -76.88950, 928m; 26.ix.2014, R. Anderson, F. Cala; Riquelme, A. Deler Hernandez; 2014-017 montane forest litter (WIBF) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by its metallic integument; bicolored antenna with antennomere 3 slightly longer than 2 (Fig. 15m); and the transverse pronotum widest at middle and lacking a bead on the anterior margin. The intercoxal process of ventrite 1 is moderately rounded (Fig. 16o). Only three species have a bicolored antenna, and the distinguishing characteristics are discussed above under P. maestrensis. Prototyrtaeus turquinensis can be distinguished from P. maestrensis by having the first eight antennomeres brown and the apex of antennomere 9 yellowish, antennomere 4 subquadrate, frons with punctures becoming sparser posteriorly, and pronotum slightly or moderately punctate.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective based on the name of the Cuban mountain Pico Turquino, the highest mountain in Cuba and the only known locality for this species.</p><p>Description. 2.4–2.6 mm long, 1.4 mm wide. Dorsal surface metallic bronze with greenish reflections, glabrous except for head, few long setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna brown with yellowish apex. Head width subequal to anterior edge of pronotum, coarsely punctate, frons bearing long setae, punctures becoming sparser posteriorly, punctures subequal to eye facet; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus short, setose with a higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15m), antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomere 2, antennomere 4 subquadrate, antennomeres 7–9 forming club gradually increasing in width, antennomere 9 widest or 8 and 9 equally wide, last antennomere rounded at apex. Pronotum strongly transverse, widest at middle, moderately, finely punctate, punctures smaller than eye facet; anterior margin without bead, lateral margin rounded, strongly beaded, width not varying, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, not projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron punctato-striate, with a few punctures on interstriae, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area smooth or weakly punctate; metanepisternum smooth or weakly punctate. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 moderately rounded (Fig. 16o), sparsely, finely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus not studied.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Cuba (Fig. 18).</p><p>Biology. Specimens were collected in forest litter at 460 m.</p><p>Remarks. This species is only known from the environs of Pico Turquino, and is one of the seemingly sympatric group of species from the area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F151BFFCD6AD8B510B8C1BE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
03C54C7F151AFFCD68CEB314BE2BBD89.text	03C54C7F151AFFCD68CEB314BE2BBD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prototyrtaeus auranticornis Spiessberger and Ivie	<div><p>Prototyrtaeus auranticornis Spiessberger and Ivie, new species</p><p>zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6C2D1B37-7C91-47C0-A4E2-4CE49BB4BF86</p><p>(Figs. 14, 15n, 16o)</p><p>Type Material. Holotype. Pico Turquino; S. Side, 1500 ft.; June 25, 1936 / Cuba 1936; Darlington; Collector (MCZC) . Paratype (1): CUBA: Granma, Buey Arriba; Munic., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.649&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.0264" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.649/lat 20.0264)">Rio Peladeros</a>; nr. 20.0264°N, 76.649°W; 24JUL1995,ca. 750m,- daytime; on vegetation, P.Sosa colr (WIBF) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by having a metallic integument; unicolored orange to yellow antenna with antennomere 3 longer than 2 and 4 wider than long (Fig. 15n); and a transverse pronotum that is widest at the middle and lacking a bead on the anterior margin. The intercoxal process of ventrite 1 is moderately rounded (Fig. 16o). This species is similar to P. felis and P. turquinensis, but it can be distinguished from P. felis by the coarse, evenly distributed punctation on the frons and the metanepisternum with a line of strong punctures. From P. turquinensis, it can be distinguished by the glabrous frons and unicolored antenna.</p><p>Etymology. This species’ name, a Latin adjective, refers to the orange antenna that is unique in this genus, found on the holotype.</p><p>Description. 2.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide. Dorsal surface metallic green, glabrous except for a few long setae along lateral elytral margin, shiny; antenna orange. Head width subequal to anterior margin of pronotum, coarsely punctate, frons glabrous, punctures evenly distributed, punctures subequal to eye facet; epistomal suture weakly marked; clypeus short, setose with a higher concentration of setae at apex; labrum with longer, denser setae; antenna with 9 antennomeres (Fig. 15n), antennomere 3 longer than antennomere 2, antennomere 4 wider than long, antennomeres 7–9 forming club gradually increasing in width, antennomere 9 the widest or 8 and 9 equally wide, last antennomere rounded at apex; pronotum strongly transverse, widest at middle, moderately, coarsely punctate, punctures subequal to eye facet; anterior margin without bead, lateral margin rounded, strongly beaded, width not varying, visible setae in dorsal view projecting laterally, posterior margin arcuate with bead nearly effaced medially, anterior angles rounded, not projecting, posterior angles obtuse. Elytron punctato-striate, with a few punctures on interstriae, 1 long seta behind basal margin, pair of long setae above lateral groove on basal fourth, 1 long seta above lateral groove on apical third (if missing, distinct puncture present) (Fig. 16a). Metaventrite short, lateral area strongly punctate; metanepisternum with line of strong punctures. Pro- and mesocoxae rounded (external view), metacoxa transverse, narrowing outwards, femora with short, sparse, golden setae, protibia cylindrical, with sparse, straight, golden setae on dorsal surface, ventrally completely setose, becoming dense, golden brush on apical half, tarsomere 1 slightly enlarged (Fig. 16e). Intercoxal process of ventrite 1 moderately rounded (Fig. 16o), sparsely, finely punctate, punctures each bearing a very fine, golden seta. Aedeagus not studied.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Cuba (Fig. 18).</p><p>Biology. The two known specimens of this species were collected at 460 and 750 m, respectively, the latter during the day on vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C54C7F151AFFCD68CEB314BE2BBD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Spiessberger, Erich L.;Ivie, Michael A.	Spiessberger, Erich L., Ivie, Michael A. (2020): A New Genus and Fourteen New Species of Anopidiina (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Diaperinae: Gnathidiini) from the West Indies. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 667-695, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.667, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.667
