identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C8A120FFB6E015FF4DDE003CF45ECC.text	03C8A120FFB6E015FF4DDE003CF45ECC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garcinia bahiensis Mouzinho & L. Marinho 2025	<div><p>Garcinia bahiensis Mouzinho &amp; L.Marinho, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3)</p><p>Type: Brazil, Bahia: Una, Ramal que liga a BA 265 (Rod. Una Rio Branco) à BR 101 ( São José), a 8 km SW do cruzamento e a 20 km NW de Una em linha reta, 27 February 1978 (fr), S. A. Mori et al., 9324 (Holotype: CEPEC [no. 13165]; Isotypes: NY [barcode NY00477266!], SPF [barcode SPF00230838 image!])</p><p>Garcinia bahiensis is similar to G.macrophylla but differs by the arched secondary veins close to the margin of the leaf blade (vs. straight in G. macrophylla), staminate flower buds slightly apiculate (vs. non-apiculate in G. macrophylla), staminate flowers with oblong internal petals (vs. roundedobovate in G. macrophylla), berries without a rostrum (vs. rostrate in G. macrophylla) and concrested stigma with undefined lobes (vs. tetra-pentalobed in G. macrophylla).</p><p>Trees up to 15 m tall; stems with brown fissured rhytidome; yellow exudate after cutting, slowly expelled in drops with a sticky texture; pink sapwood and yellow heartwood; branches cylindrical, smooth; yellow exudate; petioles 12.8–25.2 (–27.7) mm long, transversely striated; dilatation of the base of the petiole evident, deltoids in sicco. Leaf blades 15.3–22 × 6–8.5 cm, chartaceous, discolorous, dark brown in sicco, shiny on the adaxial surface, elliptical to elliptical-ovate, apex attenuated, base attenuated to acute; secondary veins ≥ 20 pairs, arched to branched near the margin; inter-secondary veins parallel to the secondary ones, 2–3 pairs per intercostal area, reticulated near the margin; intramarginal vein inconspicuous; exudate canals inconspicuous. Inflorescence staminate axillary, fasciculate, bracteoles 2; pedicels 11.2–12.1 mm long, greenish. Flower buds 3–3.8 × 3–3.5 mm, greenish, globose, slightly apiculate. Staminate flowers with mild aroma; sepals 2, 3.9–4.2 × 2.8–3.3 mm, greenish, fleshy, deltoid; petals 4, white, chartaceous to membranaceous, concave, outer ones 4.8–5.8 × 2.2–3.6 mm, rounded-oblong, inner ones 6–6.7 × 2.1–3.2 mm, oblong; nectary disc ca. 3 mm diameter, light yellow, globose; stamens 20–25 per flower, arranged around the disc in 2 series; filaments 2.2–3 mm long, terete, hyaline; anthers ellipsoid, white, light yellow when senescent, thecae 0.38–0.53 × 0.25–0.34 mm. Inflorescence and pistillate flowers not seen. Berries with smooth epicarp; sepals, staminodes, and stigmas persistent; when mature 34–43 × 33.3–41.2 mm, orange, globose, rostrum absent; stigma concrested ca. 2 mm diameter, discoid, lobes not defined; pedicels 8–10 mm long. Seeds 2–3 ca. 19.5 × 9.6 mm, ellipsoid.</p><p>Etymology: The epithet was designated due to its known distribution being restricted to the state of Bahia (Brazil).</p><p>Suggested vernacular name: bacuri-da-Bahia (Mouzinho, T.M. 506).</p><p>Distribution and attributed conservation status: Garcinia bahiensis is endemic to Brazil and restricted to the southern part of the state of Bahia. The species occurs in areas called hygrophilous forests, corresponding to evergreen rainforest formations ( Floresta Ombrófila Densa), according to the official Brazilian vegetation classification system (IBGE, 2012) (Fig. 4). The preliminary conservation status of G. bahiensis is Vulnerable (VU, B1a + B2a) based on the extent of occurrence (EOO) of 5,811 km ² and the area of occupancy (AOO) of 28 km ² (IUCN, 2012). Although restricted to southern Bahia, there are occurrences in protected areas such as the Serra do Conduru State Park (Uruçuca municipality) and a subpopulation observed in the Pedra do Sabiá Private Natural Heritage Reserve (Itacaré municipality).</p><p>Specimens examined (Paratypes): BRAZIL. Bahia: Rodovia Itabuna-Ilhéus, 05 April 1965 (fl ♂), R. P. Belém &amp; M. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.633335/lat -14.7)">Magalhães</a> 668 (IAN!, UB image!); Mun. Almadina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.633335/lat -14.7)">Fazenda São José</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.633335/lat -14.7)">Serra do Corcovado</a>, 14°42’0’’S, 39°38’0’’W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.633335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.633335/lat -14.7)">Alt</a>: 400-850 m, 23 November 2014 (fl ♂), L. C. Marinho et al., 918 (CEPEC!, HUEFS!); Mun. Camamú, Rodovia BA 650, Fazenda Zumbi dos Palmares, 14°0’68’’S, 39°10’70’’W, 12 November 2003 (fl ♂), J. L. Paixão et al., 278 (CEPEC!, NY!); Mun. Igrapiúna, Reserva Ecológica das Plantações Michellin da Bahia, 01 December 2010 (fr), J. L. Paixão &amp; L. Rocha 1857 (CEPEC!, HUEFS image!, UESC image!); Mun. Itacaré, 14°19’09.2”S 39°04’54.0”W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.239723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.4997225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.239723/lat -13.4997225)">Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Pedra do Sabiá</a>, 11 October 2023 (st), T. M. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.239723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.4997225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.239723/lat -13.4997225)">Mouzinho</a> 506 (INPA!); Mun. Una, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.239723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.4997225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.239723/lat -13.4997225)">Reserva Biológica do Mico-Leão</a>, 15°09’S, 39°05’W, 01 May 1996 (fr), J. G. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.239723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.4997225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.239723/lat -13.4997225)">Jardim</a> et al., 820 (CEPEC!, NY!); Mun. Uruçuca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.239723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.4997225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.239723/lat -13.4997225)">Parque Estadual Serra do Conduru</a>, 14°29’59’’S, 39°6’54’’W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.239723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.4997225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.239723/lat -13.4997225)">Alt</a>: 380 m, 21 April 2004 (st), A. M. Amorim et al., 3986 (CEPEC!); Mun. Valença, 13°29’59’’S, 39°14’23’’W, 04 September 2014 (st), M. G. C. Nogueira 353 (CEPEC!) .</p><p>Notes: The specimens treated here as Garcinia bahiensis were previously identified as G. macrophylla (see the diagnosis). In relation to other species from the Atlantic Forest, G. bahiensis differs from G. brasiliensis due to the deltoid dilation of the base of the petiole (vs. oblong in G. brasiliensis), leaf blades with a chartaceous texture (vs. coriaceous), staminate flowers with oblong internal petals (vs. rounded) and concresced stigmas with undefined lobes (vs. trilobed). While in G. gardneriana, G. bahiensis can be recognized also by the deltoid dilation at the base of the petiole (vs. oblong in G. gardneriana), inconspicuous exudate canals (vs. conspicuous), globose fruits with an absent rostrum (vs. ovoid) (vs. ovoid with a rostrum).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8A120FFB6E015FF4DDE003CF45ECC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mouzinho, Thiago;Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Giacomin, Leandro Lacerda	Mouzinho, Thiago, Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Giacomin, Leandro Lacerda (2025): Novelties in South American Garcinia (Clusiaceae): Tying loose ends across biomes. Acta Botanica Brasilica (e 20240106) 39: 1-10, DOI: 10.1590/1677-941X-ABB-2024-0106, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-941x-abb-2024-0106
03C8A120FFB2E018FF67DDEF3F005D81.text	03C8A120FFB2E018FF67DDEF3F005D81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garcinia guacopary (S. Moore) M. Nee, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard.	<div><p>Garcinia guacopary (S.Moore) M.Nee, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 127: 1271 (2014). (Figs. 3, 5, 6).</p><p>Type: Brazil, Mato Grosso: Santa Cruz [currently Barra do Bugres; see comments], September 1891 (fr), S. L. Moore 332 (Lectotype, designated here: BM [barcode BM000583029 image!]; isolectotype: NY [barcode NY00076032 image!]) .</p><p>≡ Rheedia guacopary S.Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4(3): 310 (1895).</p><p>Shrubs or trees up to 10 m tall; stem with brown fissured rhytidome; yellow exudate after cutting, expelled slowly in drops, sticky texture; pink sapwood and yellow heartwood. Branches cylindrical, smooth in sicco texture, with longitudinal striations; petioles 4.3–13.6 mm long, slightly transversely striated in sicco; dilation of the base of the petioles oblong in sicco; greenish-yellow exudate. Leaf blades 5.2–13.4 × 3–6.8, chartaceous, discolorous, greenish in vivo and generally brown in sicco, opaque on the abaxial surface in sicco, elliptical to elliptical-ovate, rarely obovate, apex acuminate-apiculate, base attenuated, slightly sinuous margin; secondary veins &lt;20 pairs, branched near the margin; inter-secondary veins parallel to secondaries; 2–3 pairs per intercostal area; intramarginal vein conspicuous; exudate canals inconspicuous. Inflorescences and staminate flowers not seen. Inflorescence pistillate axillary, fasciculate, bracteoles 2; pedicels 7.5–12.1 mm long, reddish in vivo. Flower buds ca. 4.5 × 3.7 mm, greenish, globose. Pistillate flowers with a mild aroma; sepals 2, 2.4–3 × 2.4–3.3 mm, greenish, concave, fleshy, rounded; petals 4–6, white with greenish nuances, chartaceous to membranaceous, concave, 2 outer petals 4.8–5.1 × 4–6.3 mm, rounded; 2–4 inner petals 6–6.8 × 4, 7– 6.1 mm, obovate; nectary disc annular 4–4.4 mm diameter, yellow; staminodes ca. 15 per flower, arranged in 1 series; filaments 1.8–2.5 mm long, hyaline, terete; rudimentary anthers ellipsoid, yellow, rusty when senescent; thecae 0.49–0.54 × 0.27–0.38 mm; ovary 2.1–2.7 × 3.8–4.1 mm, green, globose; carpels 3, 3 locules 0.58–0.67 mm diameter in cross-section, 1 ovule per locule; stigma 2.3–3 mm diameter, white, slightly capitate, three-lobed. Berries with smooth epicarp, greenish-yellow exudate, abundant; sepals, staminodes, and stigmas persistent; when mature ca. 35 × 32 mm, yellow to orange, globose, epicarp with a slightly rigid texture, white endocarp, white mesocarp, taste acid-sweet; rostrum 2–3 mm long; concreted stigma ca. 3 mm diameter, three-lobed. Seeds 2–3, ellipsoid.</p><p>Vernacular name: azedinho (como “azeidinho”; português) (Ratter 4456 – F).</p><p>Distribution and conservation status: Garcinia guacopary occurs in Bolivia (Departments of Beni and Santa Cruz) and Brazil (states of Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará and Tocantins). Garcinia guacopary is distributed in transition areas between the Amazon and Cerrado/Chaco in Brazil and Bolivia and the Bolivian Yungas and humid and seasonally dry forests, but always associated with rivers and small streams (Fig. 7). In the Bolivian Plant Catalog (http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50295510; JØrgensen et al., 2014), there is a citation of specimens for the department of La Paz, but this occurrence cannot be confirmed, since the images of the specimens could not be accessed. The preliminary conservation status of G. guacopary was assessed as Least Concern (LC) based on the broad range of occurrence (EOO) of 957,946 km ² and area of occupancy (AOO) of 32 km ² (IUCN, 2012).</p><p>Specimens examined: BOLIVIA. Beni: Estación Biológica del Beni, 14°45’S, 65°40’W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.666664/lat -14.75)">Alt</a>: 200 m, 30 September 1988 (fl/ fr), D. E . Williams 714 (NY image!) ; Santa Cruz: Toledo, 14°42’S, 61°09’W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.15/lat -14.7)">Alt</a>: 160 m, 09 June 1994 (fr), R . Guillén &amp; V . Choré 1776 (F image!) . BRAZIL. Maranhão: Mun. Monção, 08 October 1987 (st), C . Monteiro et al., 22 (HUEFS image!, RB!) ; Mato Grosso: Mun. Barra do Garças, 12 June 1966 (fl ♀), D. R . Hunt 5965 (NY!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.716667/lat -11.566667)">Mun. São Félix do Araguaia</a>, 11°34’S, 50°43’W, 07 October 1985 (fr), W . Thomas et al., 4253 (NY!); Rio Tapirapê, 27 October 1978 (fr), N. T . Silva 4910 (NY!) ; Mato Grosso do Sul: Mun. Corumbá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.420834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.274445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.420834/lat -18.274445)">Fazenda Santa Tereza</a>, 18°16’28’’S, 57°25’15’’W, 28 September 2010 (fr), G . Martinelli 16612 (RB! SPF image!) ; Pará: 03°53’S, 49°41’W, 01 November 1981 (fr), D. C . Daly et al., 1146 (NY!); ibidem, 14 November 1981 (fr), D. C . Daly et al., 1327 (NY!); ibidem, 07 April 2023 (fl/fr), T. M . Mouzinho 331 (IAN!, INPA!) ; Tocantins: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.5/lat -10.5)">Parque Nacional do Araguaia</a>, 10°30’S, 50°30’W (fr), J. A . Ratter et al., 4456 (NY!); Mun. Caseara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.848053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.253612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.848053/lat -9.253612)">Parque Estadual do Cantão</a>, 09°15’13’’S, 49°50’53’’W, 15 January 2000 (fr), P. E . Nogueira et al., 655 (UEC image!); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.70111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.465555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.70111/lat -11.465555)">Mun. Formoso do Araguaia</a>, 11°27’56’’S, 49°42’04’’W, 07 October 2008 (fr), R. C . Mendonça et al., 6153 (UEC image!) .</p><p>Notes: In taxonomic revisions for Brazil (van den Berg, 1979; Mouzinho, 2022) Garcinia guacopary was not treated. In the current monograph of the genus for the Flora of Brazil (Muniz, 2024), G. guacopary was considered as not validly published.</p><p>Specimens of G. guacopary from the Amazon were commonly determined as G. brasiliensis . However, G. brasiliensis is restricted to the Atlantic Forest domain (Mouzinho et al., 2022). Among the Amazonian species with smooth epicarps, G. guacopary is similar to G. fluviatilis Mouzinho &amp; L.Marinho but differs by the leaves with apiculate apex (vs. non-apiculate in G. fluviatilis), conspicuous intramarginal vein (vs. inconspicuous), capitate stigma (vs. discoid), rostrum present (2-3 mm) (vs. absent), and a concresced trilobate stigma (vs. lobes not defined).</p><p>The organization of the six petals reported for pistillate flowers in G. guacopary is not by the floral pattern that corresponds to other Garcinia species in the neotropical region, as mentioned in the studies of Jones (1980), van den Berg (1979), Sweeney (2008), Medellín-Zabala (2015), Mouzinho (2022), and Gaudeul et al. (2024). These studies indicated that neotropical species had a homogeneous morphology, with four petals, rarely five (Gaudeul et al., 2024), being one of the morphological characteristics that distinguished them from other related African species (e.g. G. commersonii [Planch. &amp; Triana] Vesque), which have five petals. Mouzinho (2022) elucidated the organization of the corolla in Garcinia as external and internal petals, being structured in pairs and decussate. In contrast, in the pistillate flowers of G. guacopary, there are 4 to 6 petals; these are organized into 2 external and 4 internal (Fig. 6). Considering it is a genus of dioecious plants, it is essential to investigate the staminate flowers of G. guacopary, not presented in this treatment, as well as to investigate in depth the evolution of floral morphology in a phylogenetic context, work that is in progress (Mouzinho, 2022).</p><p>The syntypes cited by Moore in the protologue of G. guacopary (Moore 332, 365, and 467; Moore, 1895) are all deposited at the BM herbarium, where most of his collections are housed. The tree branchlets representing the three collections are all mounted on the same sheet but have their own label and barcode. The collection Moore 332 (BM000583029) is the only one bearing reproductive parts (fruits) attached to the branchlet and the only one with a known existing duplicate (NY00076032) and therefore is here chosen as the lectotype. It is important to notice that, although the name was previously cited to Bolivia (http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50295510; JØrgensen et al., 2014) and neglected in treatments and floras from Brazil, the type is from the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, reported to the village of “Santa Cruz” which is nowadays the municipality of Barra do Bugres and where the Bugres river flows into the Paraguay River. The collections from Moore are reported along the village of Santa Cruz, in the margins of the Paraguay River; to avoid confusion, the collections of Moore do not refer to the municipality of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Bolivia, and no record is known to Paraguay thus far.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8A120FFB2E018FF67DDEF3F005D81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mouzinho, Thiago;Marinho, Lucas Cardoso;Giacomin, Leandro Lacerda	Mouzinho, Thiago, Marinho, Lucas Cardoso, Giacomin, Leandro Lacerda (2025): Novelties in South American Garcinia (Clusiaceae): Tying loose ends across biomes. Acta Botanica Brasilica (e 20240106) 39: 1-10, DOI: 10.1590/1677-941X-ABB-2024-0106, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-941x-abb-2024-0106
