identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C97438FFDC6A7A0CEBFDE5A7D1DFF6.text	03C97438FFDC6A7A0CEBFDE5A7D1DFF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phymaturus aguanegra	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phymaturus aguanegra sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Holotype (Fig 1.): MCN 975. Male. Paso Agua Negra, Iglesia department, San Juan province, Argentina. 30º23’ S; 69º34’ W. 2900 m asl. April 2007. A. Laspiur, E. Sanabria &amp; L. Quiroga collectors.</p>
            <p>Paratypes: MCN (969, 973-975, 977, 979, 982, 984, 988, 990-991, 995 and 971-972, 976, 978, 980, 981, 983, 986-987, 989, 992-993). 13 males and 14 females. Same data as holotype.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Phymaturus aguanegra belongs to the  palluma group (sensu Etheridge 1995) because it has square, non-imbricate superciliaries, scales of the tail markedly spinose, usually a fragmented subocular, and the subocular-supralabials are separated by two or more scale rows. This new taxon belongs to the Puna subclade of the  palluma group (Lobo &amp; Quinteros 2005) because it shows the typical dorsal “spray” pattern (southern  palluma group members show a dorsal reticulated pattern). </p>
            <p> Within the Puna subclade,  Phymaturus aguanegra differs from  P. antofagastensis ,  P. punae and  P. laurenti because it presents a complete melanism over the dorsum of neck, whereas the other three species exhibit a clear interruption in the mid dorsal line (Figs. 2 A and B).  Phymaturus aguanegra differs from  P. antofagastensis and  P. punae in the presence of enlarged scales at the base of tail in males, which are absent in these two species (see this character in Fig. 15B of Lobo et al. 2010a).  Phymaturus aguanegra has strongly keeled tarsal scales, differing from  P. laurenti (slightly keeled). Tail of males and females of  Phymaturus aguanegra lacks a pattern, whereas in  P. antofagastensis ,  P. punae ,  P. laurenti , and  P. mallimaccii the tail of females is always ringed, and the tail of males of  P. mallimaccii and  P. punae is ringed (not as marked as in females); however, in males of  P. antofagastensis and P. l a u re n t i the ringed pattern may be present or absent (see this character in Fig. 10C of Lobo &amp; Quinteros 2005b).  Phymaturus aguanegra lacks enlarged scales on the anterior margin of the antehumeral fold and centre of chest, as in  P. antofagastensis and  P. laurenti (Fig.2 C and D). Females of  P. aguanegra lack flank coloration, whereas in  P. antofagastensis (yellow),  P. mallimaccii and  P. laurenti (orange), coloration is conspicuous. A vertebral dark gray stripe is usually present on the dorsum of  Phymaturus aguanegra , whereas in  P. antofagastensis and  P. laurenti , it is always absent. In  P. punae and  P. mallimaccii this vertebral stripe is light gray. Females of  Phymaturus aguanegra lack transversal white stripes on the dorsal pattern, as females of  P. antofagastensis and some females of  P. laurenti (see this character in Fig. 10A of Lobo et al. 2010a). Females and, to a lesser extent, males of  P. aguanegra exhibit a tricolor dorsal pattern, with two shades of brown and scattered ferriferous oxide spots; this pattern is not found in any other species of the group, except the species we describe below and  P. paihuanense .  Phymaturus aguanegra lacks a scapular spot, present in  P. mallimaccii and  P. extrilidus . Rostral scale is always undivided in  Phymaturus aguanegra , whereas it can be divided in  P. antofagastensis and  P. punae . Sexual dichromatism is more pronounced in  P. punae ,  P. antofagastensis ,  P. mallimaccii , and  P. laurenti than in  P. aguanegra , in which the dorsal pattern of males is slightly yellow or inconspicuous.  Phymaturus aguanegra differs from the recently described Chilean species  P. paihuanense (Núñez et al., 2010) in the presence of dorsal melanism of head and neck (absent in  P. paihuanense ), in having scales not enlarged on the anterior margin of the antehumeral fold (present in  P. paihuanense ) and differs from  P. damasense (Troncoso-Palacios &amp; Lobo 2012) in the presence of non-projected scales on the anterior border of auditory meatus (present in  P. damasense ) and in the color pattern of males and females. </p>
            <p>Description of holotype. Male. Snout-vent length 95.3 mm. Head length 17.6 mm. Head width 16.7 mm. Head height (at parietal) 9.8 mm. Axilla-groin 51.4 mm (53.9 % of Snout-vent length). Tail length (excluding the regenerated part) 61.5 mm. Body slightly wide, trunk width: 36.4 mm (38.2 % of SVL). Twenty-two smooth dorsal head scales. Three scale organs in one postrostral and none in the other three postrostrals. Nasal bordered by nine scales, not in contact with rostral. Canthal separated from nasal by three scales. Loreal region slightly concave. Ten enlarged supralabial scales, none in contact with subocular. Ten enlarged infralabials. Auditory meatus oval, without enlarged scales in its anterior border. Auricular scale absent. Eleven convex, juxtaposed temporals. Rostral undivided. Mental subpentagonal, in contact with six scales. Interparietal bordered by eight scales. Frontal region without an azygous scale. Supraorbital semicircles inconspicuous. No distinctly enlarged supraoculars. Eleven imbricate flat superciliaries. Subocular unfragmented separated from supralabials by one to two rows of lorilabials. Seventeen lorilabials, the last subocular. Preocular separated from lorilabial row by four scales. Scales of throat round, flat, and juxtaposed. Chin shields undifferentiated. Sixty-six gulars between auditory meata. Lateral nuchal folds well developed, with granular scales over longitudinal fold. Antehumeral pocket well developed. Fifty-eight scales between auditory meatus and shoulder. In ventral view, gular fold not developed and posterior gular folds present with their anterior margins without enlarged scales on their borders. Lack of enlarged scales in the centre of chest. Dorsal scales round, smooth, juxtaposed. Forty-four dorsal scales along midline of the trunk in a distance equivalent to head length. Scales around midbody: 198. Mid-dorsal scales not enlarged compared with those on flanks. Ventral scales larger than dorsals. Ventral scales between mental and precloacal pores: 182. Eight precloacal pores in an undivided row plus one supernumerary pore. Brachial and antebrachial scales smooth with rounded posterior margins. Supracarpals laminar, round, smooth. Subdigital lamellae of fingers with three keels. Number of subdigital lamellae of fingers I: 8; II: 13; III: 15; IV: 20; V: 13. Claws moderately long. Supradigital lamellae convex, imbricate. Infracarpals and infratarsals with round margins and 2-3 obtuse mucrons. Supracarpals and supratarsals smooth, with round posterior margins. Subdigital lamellae of toes I: 9; II: 13; III: 17; IV: 23; V: 17.</p>
            <p>Pattern of body and limbs: body trunk and dorsal surfaces of fore and hindlimbs covered by thinly scattered brown spots. No conspicuous pattern is present, except dorsum of neck and head, which becomes dark, almost melanic (Fig. 1A &amp;B). This dark color is extended over the sides of head and throat. Melanism can reach the chest.</p>
            <p>Coloration in life: the general background coloration is brown-orange, giving an appearance of ferric oxide coloration (Fig. 2). In a few specimens a light yellow dorsal color can be observed.</p>
            <p>Variation: Based on 28 adult specimens (13 males and 15 females). SVL 70.9-98.5 mm (x = 85.6; SD = 9.1) for adult specimens only. Head length 15.8–20.6% (x = 18.8%; SD = 1.1) of SVL. Tail length 0.85–1.06 (x = 0.93; SD = 0.06) times SVL. Scales around midbody 165–220 (x = 191.7; SD = 13.3). Dorsal head scales 20–27 (x = 23.4; SD = 1.9). Ventrals 163–194 (x = 181.1; SD = 9.2). Scales surrounding interparietal 7–11 (x = 9; SD = 0.9). Scales of neck along longitudinal fold from posterior border of auditory meatus to shoulder 54–70 (x = 63.2; SD = 4.4). Gulars 56–98 (x = 74.3; SD = 11.4). Scales between rostral and frontal 8–12 (x = 9.5; SD = 1.3).</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is given after its type locality. [“Agua Negra”] toponym, which refers to the dark water aspect of Andean streams near the type locality</p>
            <p>Distribution. Only known from its type locality.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C97438FFDC6A7A0CEBFDE5A7D1DFF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lobo, Fernando;Laspiur, Alejandro;Acosta, Juan Carlos	Lobo, Fernando, Laspiur, Alejandro, Acosta, Juan Carlos (2013): Description of new andean species of the genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Northwestern Argentina. Zootaxa 3683 (2): 117-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.2.2
03C97438FFDA6A780CEBF954A7D1DE5A.text	03C97438FFDA6A780CEBF954A7D1DE5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phymaturus williamsi	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phymaturus williamsi sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Holotype: MCN 2820. Male. Quebrada vallecito, 40 km W of Calingasta town, Calingasta department, San Juan province. 31º11’21’’ S; 69º42’15.1’’ W, 3000 m asl. A. Laspiur, R. Acosta &amp; J. C. Acosta cols. 11/05/2008.</p>
            <p>Paratypes:.MCN 2808-10, 2812-14, 2815, 2816-17, 2821. Same data as holotype. MCN 3259-65. Quebrada Vallecito, 40 km W of Calingasta town, Calingasta department, San Juan province. 31º11’21’’S; 69º42’15.1’’W, 3000m asl. A. Laspiur &amp; J. C. Acosta cols.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Phymaturus williamsi belongs to the  palluma group because it shares their well-known apomorphies with all the other members: square, non-imbricate superciliaries, rugose dorsal scales of the tail, usually a fragmented subocular, and subocular and supralabials separated by two or more scale rows. This new taxon belongs to the Puna subclade of the  palluma group (Lobo &amp; Quinteros 2005b) because it shows the typical dorsal “spray” pattern (southern  palluma group members show a dorsal reticulated pattern). Within the Puna subclade,  P. williamsi differs from all other species in its particular character combination;  P. williamsi shows the dorsum of neck homogeneous melanic, not interrupted in the midline as in  P. antofagastensis ,  P. laurenti and  P. punae .  Phymaturus williamsi lacks enlarged scales posterior to the cloacal opening which are present in  P. laurenti and  P. aguanegra . Tarsal scales are strongly keeled in  P. williamsi but slightly keeled in  P. laurenti .  Phymaturus williamsi exhibits an “aggregate” dorsal pattern, unlike the homogeneous spray of most Puna species; a similar condition is only found in  P. antofagastensis (Fig. 12D in Lobo &amp; Quinteros 2005b).  Phymaturus williamsi lacks enlarged scales on the anterior margin of the antehumeral fold and in the centre of chest, as in  P. antofagastensis and  P. laurenti . Flank coloration in females is absent in  P. williamsi but is present in  P. antofagastensis (yellow),  P. laurenti and  P. mallimaccii (orange). A light-gray vertebral stripe, which is absent in  P. antofagastensis and  P. laurenti , is present in  P. williamsi ; a dark gray vertebral stripe can be present in individuals of  P. aguanegra . Females of  P. williamsi lack white transversal stripes on the dorsal pattern, as in females of  P. antofagastensis and  P. laurenti (not all individuals).  Phymaturus williamsi exhibits a tricolor dorsal pattern, with two types of brown and a scattered ferriferous oxide spotting; this pattern is not found in any other species of the group, with the exception of  P. aguanegra and  P. paihuanense . A scapular spot is mostly absent (only one subadult male with a vanishing spot) in  P. williamsi as in most of Puna species, with the exception of  P. mallimaccii . Preocular scale is in contact with canthal scale in  P. williamsi , whereas it is separated by a smaller scale in  P. antofagastensis ,  P. aguanegra ,  P. laurenti , and  P. punae . Rostral scale can be divided in  P. williamsi but is always undivided in  P. aguanegra ,  P. laurenti , and  P. mallimaccii .  P. williamsi shows the largest number of scales counted around midbody within the Puna subclade (x= 213.4; 186–235); the remaining species show a mean below 200 scales. Neither males nor females of  P. paihuanense exhibit head melanism (present in  P. williamsi ); males of this species show enlarged scales on the anterior margin of the antehumeral fold (absent in  P. williamsi ).  Phymaturus williamsi differ of  P. damasense in the presence of non-projected scales in the anterior border of auditory meatus (present in  P. damasense ) and color pattern of males and females. </p>
            <p>Description of holotype. Male. SVL 103.0 mm. Head length 18.4 mm. Head width 18.2 mm. Head height (at parietal) 10.4 mm. Axilla-groin 51.4 mm (49.8 % of SVL). Tail length (complete, not regenerated) 97.7 mm (0.95 times SVL). Body moderately wide, trunk width: 40.0 mm (38.9 % of SVL). Twenty-four smooth dorsal head scales. Four, three (three times), two (two times) organs in postrostrals. Nasal bordered by nine scales, not in contact with rostral. Canthal separated from nasal by two scales. Loreal region flat. Eleven enlarged supralabial scales, none in contact with subocular. Eleven enlarged infralabials. Auditory meatus oval with three-four small conical projecting scales on the anterior margin. Auricular scale absent. Ten convex, juxtaposed temporals. Rostral undivided. Mental subpentagonal, in contact with seven scales. Interparietal bordered by 10 scales. Frontal region without an azygous scale. Supraorbital semicircles inconspicuous. No distinctly enlarged supraoculars. Twelve imbricate flat superciliaries. Subocular fragmented in three scales, separated from supralabials by one to two rows of lorilabials. Thirteen to 15 lorilabials, 12 contacting subocular on the right side. Preocular scale separated from lorilabial row by three scales. Scales of throat round, flat, and juxtaposed. One hundred and three gular scales between auditory meata. Lateral nuchal folds well developed, with granular scales over longitudinal fold. Antehumeral pocket well developed. Seventy-five scales between auditory meatus and shoulder. In ventral view, gular fold not well developed and posterior gular folds present with their anterior margins without enlarged scales on their borders. Enlarged scales in the centre of chest absent. Dorsal scales round, smooth, juxtaposed. Forty dorsal scales along midline of the trunk in a distance equivalent to head length. Scales around midbody: 220. Middorsal scales not enlarged compared to those on flanks. Ventral scales larger than dorsals. Ventral scales between mental and precloacal pores: 199. Eight precloacal pores in an undivided row with two supernumerary pores. Brachial and antebrachial scales smooth with rounded posterior margins. Supracarpals laminar, round, smooth. Subdigital lamellae of fingers with three keels. Number of subdigital lamellae of fingers I: 11; II: 13; III: 22; IV: 23; V: 15. Claws moderately long. Supradigital lamellae convex, imbricate. Infracarpals and infratarsals with round margins and 2–3 keels. Supracarpals and supratarsals smooth, with round posterior margins. Subdigital lamellae of toes I: 11; II: 17; III: 22; IV: 27; V: 20.</p>
            <p> Pattern of body and limbs (Figs. 4 and 5): This species exhibits an aggregate pattern of brown spots similar to that of  P. antofagastensis (Fig. 12D in Lobo &amp; Quinteros 2005b). Dorsum of neck and head is more melanic than in  P. aguanegra individuals. In this species a vertebral line is usually conspicuous, dividing the dark coloration of neck (Fig. 5). </p>
            <p> Coloration in life (Fig. 5): The general coloration varies between brown-orange to light yellow; as in  P. aguanegra , this dorsal coloration exhibits the characteristic ferric oxide shade. </p>
            <p>Variation: Based on 20 adult specimens (10 males and 10 females). SVL 95.4–104.5 mm (x = 100.2; SD = 3.1) for adult specimens only. Head length 16.3–18.4% (x = 17.4%; SD = 0.1) of SVL. Tail length 0.86–1.05 (x = 0.92; SD = 0.06) times SVL. Scales around midbody 186–235 (x = 213.4; SD = 13.0). Dorsal head scales 22–27 (x = 24.0; SD = 1.4). Ventrals 169–209 (x = 191.1; SD = 11.4). Scales surrounding interparietal 8–10 (x = 8.8; SD = 0.9). Scales of neck along longitudinal fold from posterior border of auditory meatus to shoulder 64–89 (x = 76.1; SD = 7.4). Gulars 82–110 (x = 95.2; SD = 7.7). Scales between rostral and frontal 9–14 (x = 10.6; SD = 1.6).</p>
            <p>Etymology. We name this new species in honour of our Argentine colleague and friend Jorge Williams, in recognition of his effort and dedication for the development of herpetology in our country.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Only known from its type locality.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C97438FFDA6A780CEBF954A7D1DE5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lobo, Fernando;Laspiur, Alejandro;Acosta, Juan Carlos	Lobo, Fernando, Laspiur, Alejandro, Acosta, Juan Carlos (2013): Description of new andean species of the genus Phymaturus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from Northwestern Argentina. Zootaxa 3683 (2): 117-132, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3683.2.2
