identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D3E2475D261C67FF2AFF4D1BCBFDC8.text	03D3E2475D261C67FF2AFF4D1BCBFDC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aulacidae	<div><p>Key to Taiwanese species of  Aulacidae</p><p>1. Occipital margin with a very wide and deep median emargination, most obvious in dorsal or dorso-ventral view, thus occipital carina interrupted or weakened medially (Figs 1C, 3C)....................................................... 2</p><p>– Occipital margin without a median emargination, occipital carina not interrupted or weakened medially (Figs 2D, 4C)..... 3</p><p>2. Head, in dorsal view, with gena regularly rounded and moderately convergent behind eye (Fig. 1C); ovipositor length 1.1–1.3 × fore wing length.......................................................  Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein</p><p>– Head, in dorsal view, with gena almost straight and strongly convergent behind eye (Fig. 3C); ovipositor length slightly less fore wing length.............................................................  Pristaulacus lanyuensis sp. nov.</p><p>3. Head, from above, with gena well developed, 0.8–0.9 × eye length (Fig. 2D); fore wing in basal half largely spotted with irregular dark marks (Fig. 2A); ovipositor shorter than fore wing length (Figs 2A); setae of head and mesosoma whitish (Figs 2C, 2D, 2E)..................................................................  Pristaulacus karinulus Smith</p><p>– Head, from above, with gena moderately developed, 0.6–0.7 × eye length (Fig. 4B); fore wing with basal half hyaline (Fig. 4A); ovipositor 1.8 × longer than fore wing; setae of head and mesosoma golden (Figs 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D)................................................................................................  Pristaulacus rufipes Enderlein</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3E2475D261C67FF2AFF4D1BCBFDC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio;Yeh, Wen-Chi;Lu, Sheng-Shan	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio, Yeh, Wen-Chi, Lu, Sheng-Shan (2025): Taxonomic review of the Aulacidae of Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5618 (4): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7
03D3E2475D261C66FF2AFD7E1C7EFD57.text	03D3E2475D261C66FF2AFD7E1C7EFD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein 1912	<div><p>Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912</p><p>(Figure 1)</p><p>Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein 1912: 265; Enderlein 1913: 319, 326; Hedicke 1939: 7; Konishi 1990: 652; 1991: 564; Smith 2001: 282; Turrisi 2007: 28; Turrisi et al. 2009: 56; Turrisi 2017: 934; Pham et al. 2024: 215.</p><p>Type material. According to Enderlein (1912) the type material includes eight females. Turrisi (2007) designated the lectotype and two paralectotypes (examined).   TAIWAN: lectotype ♀ labelled “ Hoozan, Formosa, II.10, H. Sauter/  Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderl. ♀, Type, Dr. Enderlein det. 1912/Syntypus/ Eberswalde coll. DEI/Lectotypus ♀,  Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912, des. T. Megjaszai 1999/  Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912 ♀, Lectotypus G.F. Turrisi des. 2006” (SDEI) ;   2♀ paralectotypes both labelled “ Hoozan, Formosa, V.10, H. Sauter/  Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderl. ♀, Type, Dr. Enderlein det. 1912/Syntypus/ Eberswalde coll. DEI/Paralectotypus ♀,  Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912, des. T. Megjaszai 1999/  Pristaulacus comptipennis Enderlein, 1912 ♀, Paralectotypus G.F. Turrisi des. 2006” (SDEI)  .</p><p>Additional material examined.   TAIWAN: 1♀,  Hoozan, V.1910, H. Sauter, (SDEI) ;   2♀,  Anping, 22.VII.1911, H. Sauter (SDEI) ;   1♀, Kankau ( Koshun), V.1912, H. Sauter (SDEI) ;  2♀, Kosempo, H. Sauter (SDEI, USNM);  1♀, 1911, H. Sauter (SDEI);  2♂, 1912, H. Sauter (SDEI, USNM);  7♂, V.1912, H. Sauter (SDEI);  2♀, 2♂, Tainan, 22.VII.1911, H. Sauter (SDEI);   2♀,  Taihorin, V.1910, H. Sauter (SDEI) ;   1♀,  Hoozan, IX.1910, Sauter (ZMHB) ;   2♀,  Taihorinsho, VI.1910, H. Sauter S-G. (ZMHB) ;  1♀, 1♂, IX.1910 (ZMHB);  1♂, X.1910, (ZMHB);   1♀,  Taihorinsho, IX.1909, Sauter (HNHM) ;   3♀,  Kosempo, IX.1909, Sauter (HNHM) ;   1♀,  Puli Village, Nantou, 15-30.XII.1963, coll. K.H. Chen (LACM) ;   1♀, Kending, Pingtung  Co., 24.IV.2013, W. C Yeh (TFRI) ;   1♀, Shuanglianpi Yuanshan, Yilan  Co., 26.V.2014, W.C. Yeh (TFRI) ;  1♀, ditto, 29.IX.2014, S. S. Lu (TFRI);   1♀, Xinxian,  Wulai, New Taipei City, 10.IIV.2022, W. C. Yeh (TFRI)  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, body length: 9.0–14.0 mm (♀); 12.0–13.0 mm (♂); fore wing length: 7.0– 10.5 mm (♀); 8.9–9.7 mm (♂). Colour mostly black to blackish brown, A1–2 reddish orange; legs extensively reddish orange to dark reddish orange, with femora darker (Figs 1A, 1B); wings hyaline, fore wing extensively marked with wide and irregular brown spots on basal part, below stigma and apex, hind wing slightly brown at base and apex; setae whitish to brown on head, yellowish-golden on mandible (Fig. 1C), whitish on mesosoma, light brown on metasoma. Head, from above, 1.3 × wider than long, shiny, gena well developed, 0.8 × eye length, convex, moderately convergent behind eyes, rounded posteriorly; occipital margin deeply emarginated with a very wide and deep U-shaped medial groove (Fig. 1D); occipital carina wide, lamelliform, 0.6–0.8 × diameter of an ocellus; vertex with fine, deep and scattered punctures (distance between punctures 3.0–4.0 × punctures diameter). Mesosoma moderately elongate (Fig. 1B), 2.0 × as long as high, coarsely sculptured; pronotum areolate-rugose, with one straight, acute and moderately developed anterior tooth protruding slightly anterolaterally on each lateroventral margin, posterior margin weakly angulate, without process; mesoscutum transverse-carinate to areolate-rugose, anterior margin, in lateral view, widely rounded, not overhanging pronotum; fore wing with vein 2-rs+m obsolescent; hind coxa moderately elongate, subcylindrical, 2.6 × as long as broad, transverse-carinate dorsally, polished and sparsely punctate ventrally; hind basitarsus 12.0 × longer than broad and 1.2 × longer than tarsomeres 2–5; tarsal claws with four tooth-like processes along inner margin. Metasoma pyriform in lateral view, moderately compressed laterally; petiole moderately elongate and slender, 2.5 × as long as broad; ovipositor length 1.1–1.3 × fore wing length. Detailed descriptions and intraspecific variation are provided by Enderlein (1912), Konishi (1990, 1991), Turrisi (2007) and Turrisi &amp; Smith (2011).</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Amami-ôshima, Okinawa-hontô, Iriomote-jima, Kohama-jima), Korea, China (Hong Kong), Taiwan, Laos (Enderlein 1912, 1913; Konishi 1990, 1991; Turrisi 2007; Turrisi &amp; Smith 2011; Choi et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. The dark markings on wing are variable, apparently through a north-south clinal variation with the northernmost specimens from Amami-ôshima Island (Japan) having the extreme reduction of wing markings. Congruently, the Taiwanese specimens exbibit a wide extension of dark markings, with a broad substigmal spot extended back to the end on submarginal cells.</p><p>Biology. Based on available data, this species flies from May to October and is probably the commonest aulacid in Taiwan. The probable host is  Ceresium elongatum Matsushita ( Coleoptera,  Cerambycidae) which emerged from dead wood of an unidentified tree species (Konishi 1991). Another possible host is  Olenecamptus bilobus nipponensis Dillon &amp; Dillon ( Coleoptera:  Cerambycidae), obtained from wood of  Ficus superba var. japonica Miq. ( Moraceae) (Turrisi &amp; Smith 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3E2475D261C66FF2AFD7E1C7EFD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio;Yeh, Wen-Chi;Lu, Sheng-Shan	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio, Yeh, Wen-Chi, Lu, Sheng-Shan (2025): Taxonomic review of the Aulacidae of Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5618 (4): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7
03D3E2475D271C60FF2AF90B1AC0FDA7.text	03D3E2475D271C60FF2AF90B1AC0FDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristaulacus karinulus Smith 2001	<div><p>Pristaulacus karinulus Smith, 2001</p><p>(Figure 2)</p><p>Pristaulacus kiefferi Enderlein, 1912: 266; Enderlein 1913: 319, 326; Hedicke 1939: 11.</p><p>Pristaulacus karinulus Smith 2001: 288; Sun &amp; Sheng 2007: 219; Turrisi et al. 2009: 57; Chen et al. 2016: 78, 106; Turrisi 2017: 935; Turrisi &amp; Nobile 2024: 15; Pham et al. 2024: 216.</p><p>Type material. According to Enderlein (1912) the type material of  Pristaulacus kiefferi includes both females and males.   TAIWAN: lectotype ♀ of  Pristaulacus kiefferi Enderlein, 1912 (examined), “ Hoozan, Formosa, V.10, H. Sauter/  Pristaulacus kiefferi Enderl. ♀, Type, Dr. Enderlein det 1912/Syntypus [red label]/Coll. DEI Eberswalde/ Eberswalde Coll. DEI/Lectotypus ♀,  Pristaulacus kiefferi Enderlein, 1912, des. T. Megjaszai 1999/Lectotypus ♀,  Pristaulacus kiefferi Enderlein, 1912, des. G.F. Turrisi 2024 (SDEI) (examined)  .   INDIA: syntype specimen ♂, “ Sikkim,  Darjeelingis ” (SZMC)  (not examined).</p><p>The description by Enderlein (1912) is based on specimens of both sexes and the holotype was not indicated. The previous syntype ♀ was identified by T. Megjaszai in 1999 and considered as lectotype (unpublished). We here formally designate this syntype ♀ as lectotype according to the article 74 of ICZN (1999). The new name  Pristaulacus karinulus Smith 2001 was proposed by Smith (2001) for  Pristaulacus kiefferi Enderlein, 1912, preoccupied in  Pristaulacus by Bradley (1908).</p><p>Additional material examined.   TAIWAN: 1♀, Xinxian,  Wulai, New Taipei City, 23.VI.2010, collected, 8.I.2011, emerged, S.S. Lu /Artificial rearing/00168171 (TFRI) ;  1♂, same locality and collector, 23.VI.2010, collected, 18.I.2011, emerged/Artificial rearing/00167964 (TFRI) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, body length: 9.2–12.0 mm (♀); 11.0 mm (♂); fore wing length: 7.8–9.2 mm (♀); 8.1 mm (♂). Colour blackish except: medial part of mandible, A1 and hind trocanther, femur and tibia, dark reddish orange (Fig. 2D); fore and mid legs (except coxae), hind tarsus, and most of metasomal segments 1+2 (except dorsal part of T1 and apex of T2) reddish orange (Figs. 2A, 2B); wings very weakly infuscated throughout; fore wing with irregular dark markings on cell B and plical area hyaline, and a wide substigmal dark brown band, extended to D2; setae: whitish. Head, from above, 1.2 × wider than long, shiny; gena, from above, subparallel and straight behind eye, regularly rounded posteriorly, well developed and 0.8 × eye length; occipital margin nearly straight (Fig. 2D); occipital carina narrow, rim-like, 0.2 × diameter of an ocellus; vertex with fine, deep and dense punctures (distance between punctures 2.0–2.5 × punctures diameter). Mesosoma moderately elongate (Fig. 2C), 2.0 × longer than high, coarsely sculptured; pronotum mostly areolate-punctate, rugulose-punctate along lateroventral margin, with one well developed, acute anterior tooth-like process strongly curved on each lateroventral margin, posterior margin weakly angulate, without process; mesoscutum transverse-carinate, anterior margin, in lateral view, widely rounded, not overhanging pronotum; fore wing with vein 2-rs+m long; hind coxa elongate and slender, subcylindrical, 2.8 × as long as broad, transverse-carinulate dorsally, polished-punctate ventrally; hind basitarsus 10.4 × longer than broad and 1.2 × longer than tarsomeres 2–5; tarsal claws with four tooth-like processes along inner margin. Metasoma pyriform in lateral view, strongly compressed laterally; petiole elongate, slender, 3.5 × as long as broad; ovipositor length slightly less than fore wing length.</p><p>Distribution. China (Henan, Jiangsu), Taiwan, India (Sikkim) (Enderlein 1912, 1913; Smith 2001; Chen et al. 2016; Turrisi 2017; Smith &amp; Turrisi 2020; Turrisi &amp; Nobile 2024).</p><p>Remarks. This species has been known only from type material since its description and its identity has been very vague. The few diagnostic features recognized have been long based on the description by Enderlein (1912) under  P. kiefferi, and herein expanded. The colour pattern, the shape of the head in dorsal view, and the length of ovipositor compared to fore wing length, are the best combination of features to recognize this species.</p><p>Biology. Based on available data, this species flies from April to June. Host not known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3E2475D271C60FF2AF90B1AC0FDA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio;Yeh, Wen-Chi;Lu, Sheng-Shan	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio, Yeh, Wen-Chi, Lu, Sheng-Shan (2025): Taxonomic review of the Aulacidae of Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5618 (4): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7
03D3E2475D211C62FF2AFD501DFFFEFF.text	03D3E2475D211C62FF2AFD501DFFFEFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristaulacus lanyuensis Turrisi, Yeh, Lu 2025	<div><p>Pristaulacus lanyuensis Turrisi, Yeh, Lu,  sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 68C5E833-B5AF-4F7B-BB3E-163454F4764E</p><p>(Figure 3)</p><p>Type material.   TAIWAN: holotype ♀ labelled “  Hongtou Lanyu, Taitung Co., 30.IV.2015, S.S. Lu leg./  Pristaulacus lanyuensis Turrisi, Yeh, Lu sp. nov., 2023 ♀ Holotypus [red label]” (TFRI)  .</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized, body length around 12.0 mm; fore wing length: 9.2 mm. Colour mostly black with legs extensively brownish; hind tarsus dark brown; wings hyaline to weakly infuscated at base and apex with irregular dark brown spots at base and a narrow and long dark brown substigmal spot; setae whitish. Head, from above, 1.2 × wider than long; gena from above, well developed, 0.9 × eye length, almost straight and strongly convergent behind eye, rounded posteriorly; occipital margin deeply emarginated with a very wide and deep U-shaped medial groove; occipital carina wide, lamelliform, 0.6 × diameter of an ocellus; vertex with moderately coarse, deep and moderately dense punctures (distance between punctures 2.0–3.0 × punctures diameter). Mesosoma moderately elongate, 1.9 × longer than high, coarsely sculptured; pronotum at lateroventral margin with one well developed, acute and straight anterior tooth protruding forward, posterior margin weakly angulate, without process; mesoscutum transverse-carinate, anterior margin, in lateral view, widely rounded, not overhanging pronotum; fore wing with vein 2-rs+m short; hind coxa elongate, subcylindrical, 2.5 × longer than broad, transverse-carinate on dorsal surface [ventral surface obscured by glue]; hind basitarsus 8.5 × longer than broad and 1.2 × longer than tarsomeres 2–5; tarsal claws with four tooth-like processes. Metasoma moderately compressed laterally; petiole moderately elongate, 2.3 × as long as broad; ovipositor length slightly less than fore wing length.</p><p>Description. Holotype ♀ (Fig 3A, 3B). Body length: 12.1 mm; antenna length: 6.0 mm; fore wing length: 9.2 mm; ovipositor length: 8.9 mm. Colour mainly black, except: mandible (except teeth) dark reddish orange, maxillo-labial complex dark brownish; A1 dark reddish-orange; wings hyaline to weakly infuscated at base and apex with an irregular dark brown spot on cells B and SD1 and a narrow dark brown substigmal spot, about half of stigma length, extended posteriorly to the end of SM2; fore leg, except trocanther, brownish, mid and hind tibiae and tarsi dark brown; setae: goldish on the ventral margin of mandible, whitish otherwise. Head from above 1.2 × wider than long, cuticle shiny; vertex with moderately coarse, deep and moderately dense punctures (distance between punctures 2.0–3.0 × punctures diameter); frons with moderately coarse, deep and very dense punctures (distance between punctures 0.5–1.0 × punctures diameter); clypeus confused-punctate to rugulose; gena with fine to moderately coarse, deep and scattered punctures (distance between punctures 3.0–4.0 × punctures diameter), coarser, deeper and denser behind eye margin; malar area with moderately coarse, deep and dense to very dense punctures (distance between punctures 0.5–1.0 × punctures diameter); malar distance 0.3 × eye height; gena, from above, well developed, 0.9 × eye length, nearly straight behind eye and strongly convergent posteriorly; lower interocular distance 1.1 × eye height; inner margin of eyes subparallel; eye 1.2 × longer than broad; POL/OOL: 1.1; ocellar area 2.1 × as broad as long; occipital margin strongly convex, occipital groove well developed, Ushaped, very wide and deep (Fig. 3C); occipital carina broad, lamelliform, 0.6 × as broad as diameter of an ocellus; antenna length 0.7 × fore wing length; A3 5.3 × longer than broad; A4 8.1 × longer than broad; A5 7.7 × long than broad; A3/A4 length: 0.7; A3/A5 length: 0.8; A4/A5 length: 1.2; A14: 2.0 × longer than broad; setae: erect and scattered on vertex; erect and moderately dense on upper frons; recumbent and dense on lower frons and clypeus; semierect, dense and moderately long on gena (length of setae 0.7 × diameter of anterior ocellus); recumbent and moderately dense to dense on malar area. Mesosoma moderately elongate, 1.9 × as long as high, coarsely sculptured, shiny; pronotum transverse-carinate to areolate-rugose, rugose-punctate along lateroventral margin, anterior margin straight, without processes, lateroventral margin almost straigth with one well developed, acute and straight anterior tooth-like process protruding forward, posterior margin weakly angulate, without process; propleuron polished and shiny with fine to moderately coarse, superficial and scattered punctures (distance between punctures 3.0–4.0 × punctures diameter), punctures coarser and denser laterally and dorsally; prescutum triangular, well defined, with narrow base, weakly concave, transverse-carinate; mesosocutum transverse-carinate with 11 raised carinae, anterior margin, in lateral view, widely rounded, not overhanging pronotum; notauli well defined, deep and wide, meeting each other at transscutal articulation; scutellum weakly convex, transverse-carinate, with 6 raised carinae on disc, longitudinally-carinate on sides, areolate-rugose on posterior half; mesopleuron areolate-rugose, subalar area rugulose-punctate; metanotum areolate-rugose; propodeum areolate-rugose, anterior margin longitudinally-carinate; ventral parts of mesosoma transverse-carinulate; fore wing vein 2-rs+m short; fore and mid coxae polished-punctate; hind coxa transverse-carinate on dorsal surface [ventral surface obscured by glue] moderately elongate, subcylindrical, 2.5 × longer than broad; hind coxal guide transverse, narrow, subapical; inner and outer spurs of mid tiba subequal, inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur; hind basitarsus slender, 8.5 × longer than broad and 1.3 × as tarsomeres 2–5; tarsal claw with four tooth-like processes along inner margin; setae: erect, short and scattered on dorsal surface, semi erect to recumbent, short and moderately dense on sides and ventral surface; erect, moderately long and moderately dense on hind surface of propodeum; erect, moderately long and dense on propleuron (length of setae 0.6 × fore pretarsus). Metasoma pyriform in lateral view, moderately compressed laterally, long and slender, 1.3 × mesosoma length; petiole slender and moderately elongate, 2.5 × as long as broad; metasoma very finely microsculptured; metasomal segments 1+2 shiny, with sparse puncture on T2; remaining segments dull with fine, deep and moderately dense punctures on tergites; S7 shiny with very sparse fine and superficial punctures; ovipositor length slightly less fore wing length; setae: glabrous on metasomal segments 1+2, recumbent, short and dense on remaining tergites, recumbent, long and moderately dense on sternites.</p><p>Distribution. Taiwan (Lanyu Island).</p><p>Remarks. The new species is most allied to  P. comptipennis in the habitus, body size, the colour pattern, the deep and wide U-shaped occipital groove. It is readily distinguished from the latter by the shape of the head strongly narrowed on posterior half, with gena strongly convergent behind eyes and ovipositor slightly shorter than fore wing length.</p><p>Biology. The species has been observed in April. Host not known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3E2475D211C62FF2AFD501DFFFEFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio;Yeh, Wen-Chi;Lu, Sheng-Shan	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio, Yeh, Wen-Chi, Lu, Sheng-Shan (2025): Taxonomic review of the Aulacidae of Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5618 (4): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7
03D3E2475D231C6DFF2AFE6C1D1FFD6B.text	03D3E2475D231C6DFF2AFE6C1D1FFD6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pristaulacus rufipes Enderlein 1912	<div><p>Pristaulacus rufipes Enderlein, 1912</p><p>(Figure 4)</p><p>Pristaulacus rufipes Enderlein, 1912: 266; Enderlein 1913: 319; Hedicke 1939: 15; Smith 2001: 295; Turrisi et al. 2009: 58; Chen et al. 2016: 114; Turrisi 2017: 936; Pham et al. 2024: 216.</p><p>Type material.   TAIWAN: holotype ♀, “ Hoozan, Formosa, H. Sauter, V.10/Holotypus [red label]/  Pristaulacus rufipes Enderl. ♀, Type, Dr. Enderlein det. 1912/Coll. DEI Eberswalde” (SDEI) (examined, see also Chen et al. 2016)  .</p><p>Additional material examined.   TAIWAN: 1♀,  Hoozan, Formosa, V. 10, H. Sauter (SDEI) ;   1♂,  Gaofong Ln., about 1400 m, Ren-ai T. Nantou, 7-9.V.2009, Takakuwa M. leg. (MZUF) ;   2♂, Qingtan,  Xindian Dist., New Taipei City, 11.IV.2022, W.C. Yeh (TFRI) ;  1♂, ditto., 13.IV.2022, W.C. Yeh (TFRI) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium to large sized, body length: 14.7–15.2 mm (♀); 12.5–15.5 mm (♂); fore wing length: 11.7–12.9 mm (♀); 10.0– 12.3 mm (♂). Colour blackish-brown except: clypeus extensively dark brown; mandible extensively reddish-orange, with apex blackish; maxillo-labial complex brownish to dark brownish; antenna reddish-orange with A1 lighter; legs light reddish-orange, except coxae and hind trochanter darker; wings hyaline, fore wing with a wide brown spot below stigma (two third as wide as stigma) not extending beyond cells SM-1 and R; metasoma largely black, except S1, most part of T2 and apex of following tergites dark reddish; valvula 3 of ovipositor dark brown to blackish-brown; setae: whitish to goldish (Figs. 4A &amp; C). Head, from above, 1.4 × wider than long, shiny; gena, from above, shortly rounded behind eye, moderately developed, 0.6–0.7 × as long as eye length; occipital margin straight (Fig. 4B); occipital carina narrow, rim-like, 0.2 × diameter of an ocellus; vertex with moderately coarse, deep and dense punctures (distance between punctures 2.0–2.5 × puncture diameter). Mesosoma elongate (Fig. 4D), 2.2 × longer than high, coarsely sculptured; pronotum areolate-punctate, lower third coarsely punctate to areolate-rugulose, with one weakly protruded, stout, obtuse anterior tooth-like process on each lateroventral margin; mesoscutum transverse-carinate, anterior margin, in lateral view, rounded, not overhanging pronotum; fore wing vein 2-rs+m short; hind coxa elongate, slender and subcylindrical, 3.0 × as long as broad, transverse-carinate dorsally rugose on sides and polished-punctate ventrally; hind basitarsus 13.4 × longer than broad and 1.9 × longer than tarsomeres 2–5; tarsal claws with four tooth-like processes along inner margin. Metasoma pyriform in lateral view, moderately compressed laterally; petiole elongate, slender, 4.4 × as long as broad; ovipositor length 1.8 × fore wing length.</p><p>Distribution. Taiwan (Enderlein 1912, 1913; Chen et al. 2016).</p><p>Remarks. For additional detail on description, see Enderlein (1912) and Chen et al. (2016).</p><p>Biology. The species has been observed flying in April-May. The males collected were observed roosting nearby a rotten stump fallen by a trail which runs through the woods in Qingtan. They were flying around the stump every few minutes, maybe to searching for females. Host unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D3E2475D231C6DFF2AFE6C1D1FFD6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio;Yeh, Wen-Chi;Lu, Sheng-Shan	Turrisi, Giuseppe Fabrizio, Yeh, Wen-Chi, Lu, Sheng-Shan (2025): Taxonomic review of the Aulacidae of Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) with description of a new species. Zootaxa 5618 (4): 584-594, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.4.7
