identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DA87F74766C53DAE7CD671FE4EFDA3.text	03DA87F74766C53DAE7CD671FE4EFDA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leaf	<div><p>Leaf morphology</p><p>Leaves are always arranged alternate and distichous. Contrary to most other species of Phyllanthus, leaves can be found on all axes. Each leaf has two stipules at the base. The stipules are triangular, ovate or (sub)orbicular, usually glabrous, persistent or caducous. The stipule base is either straight or auriculate and the margins are often brown, entire and brittle.</p><p>The leaves are shortly petiolate, sometimes appearing sessile. The petioles are not thickened or pulvinate, and pubescent or glabrous depending on the species.</p><p>The leaves have a pinnate venation, whereby the secondary veins loop and anastomose near the margins. The midvein and secondary veins can be somewhat elevated on either side of the leaf. The blade can be papery to coriaceous with an entire, sometimes revolute margin. The leaf blades are orbicular, lan- ceolate, ovate to elliptic-oblong. The base of the blades varies from cordate to attenuate, while the apex similarly varies from retuse/emarginate to acuminate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74766C53DAE7CD671FE4EFDA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74765C53BAE7CDA36FD60FBE7.text	03DA87F74765C53BAE7CDA36FD60FBE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus (Macraea) (Wight) Jean F. Brunel	<div><p>Phyllanthus subg. Macraea (Wight) Jean F.Brunel</p><p>Phyllanthus subg. Macraea (Wight) Jean F. Brunel (1987) 293. — Macraea Wight (1852) 27. — Phyllanthus sect. Macraea (Wight) Baill. (1858) 628; Müll.Arg. (1866) 384; G.L.Webster (1986) 93. — Lectotype (designated by Webster 1986): Macraea oblongifolia Wight (= P. virgatus G.Forst.).</p><p>Erect or prostrate herbs, subshrubs, shrubs or trees, monoecious or dioecious; branching non-phyllanthoid; branches (minutely) ridged or smooth, brown, distally often flattened and/ or winged, often green; (aerial roots occasionally present on nodes in P. womersleyi). Indumentum absent or short, simple hairs present on (distal parts of the) branches, leaves, petioles, pedicels and ovaries. Stipules triangular, ovate or (sub)orbicular, flat, membranous, translucent chestnut-brown, persistent, base often auriculate. Leaves alternate, distichous, simple, petiolate; blade elliptic, (ob)ovate or (sub)orbicular, margin entire, glabrous, (hairy on both sides in P. tararae and P. wheeleri); midrib sunken to prominent above, flat or prominent underneath, lateral veins often barely visible, looping and anastomosing near the margin, flat or prominent on both sides. Inflorescences axillary fascicles, unisexual, (rarely) bisexual in some species. Staminate flowers solitary to 12 together, bracteate; pedicel glabrous; sepals 6 (except 5 in P. aoraiensis and sometimes 4 in P. ussuriensis), elliptic or (ob)ovate, sometimes in two whorls with sepals differing in size and/or shape, imbricate; disc glands alternating with and as many as sepals, circular, flat; stamens 3 (sometimes 2 in P. ussuriensis), filaments free (connate in P. womersleyi and variably connate in P. prominulatus and P. ridsdalei), often reflexed, thecae 2, (sub)globular or (sub)ovoid, dehiscencing latrorse via longitudinal slits (pollen: Punt 1980, Wu et al. 2016). Pistillate flowers solitary to 7 together, bracteate; sepals 6, elliptic or (ob)ovate, sometimes in two whorls with sepals differing in size and/or shape, imbricate; disc annular (6 disc glands in P. dumosus, P. tenuipes, P. ussuriensis, P. wheeleri and P. womersleyi, then alternating with sepals), flat; ovary 3-locular (rarely 4-locular in P. lancifolius), glabrous or pubescent; ovules 2 per locule; style absent to present, stigmas 3, spreading, bifid for between half to 4/5 of the length, reflexed. Fruits capsules, subglobular or oblate, 6-grooved, in some species with 3 grooves deeper than the others and/or bivalved, glabrous or (minutely) verrucate; stigmas and sepals persistent; columella narrowly tetrahedriform, persistent after dehiscense. Seeds trigonous, triangular in transverse section, with convex outer wall, smooth or verrucate, verrucae circular (or rhomboid and stretched widthwise in P. myrtifolius), sometimes very small, randomly placed or in indistinct longitudinal lines.</p><p>Key to the species</p><p>1. Stems barely branched, arising from a thick woody rhizome. Staminate disc glands often bell-shaped. — Africa..................................... 9. P. glaucophyllus</p><p>1. Stems usually branched several times, growing without a thick rhizome. Staminate disc glands flattened. — Outside Africa........................................ 2</p><p>2. Ovary on a gynophore. Stigmas united into a style for 0.3‒0.6 or 1.5‒1.6 mm, then spreading into 3 separate lobes, latter complete bifid or with bifid tips.................... 3</p><p>2. Ovary sessile, without gynophore. Stigmas only basally united or entirely free.............................. 4</p><p>3. Branches glabrous; internodes 6‒7 mm long. Staminate sepals 1.5‒2 by 0.8‒1 mm; filaments variably connate. Pistillate disc annular. Style 1.5‒1.6 mm high, stigmas 1‒2 mm long with bifid tips................... 16. P. ridsdalei</p><p>3. Branches pubescent; internodes 2‒4 mm long. Staminate sepals 1‒1.1 by c. 0.5 mm; filaments free. Pistillate disc consisting of 6 free glands. Style 0.3‒0.6 mm high, stigmas 0.2‒0.5 mm long, completely bifid...... 19. P. tenuipes</p><p>4. Leaf margin thickened, flat....................... 5</p><p>4. Leaf margin not thickened, flat or revolute........... 7</p><p>5. Stipules 0.5–0.7 mm long. Stamens up to 0.4 mm long; filaments sometimes connate. Pistillate pedicel 0.3–1.1 mm long; sepals 0.3‒0.7 by 0.2‒0.5 mm; stigmas 0.2‒0.3 mm long. Fruits 1.5‒1.8 mm diam....... 15. P. prominulatus</p><p>5. Stipules 1‒2 mm long. Stamens longer than 0.5 mm; filaments free. Pistillate pedicel 1.5‒10 mm long; sepals 1‒1.5 by 0.5‒1 mm; stigmas c. 1 mm long. Fruits more than 2.2 mm diam..................................... 6</p><p>6. Petioles 0.2‒1 mm long; leaf base rounded or obtuse, apex not mucronate, lateral veins 3‒5 on each side of the midrib. Staminate pedicels 1‒1.5 mm long. Pistillate pedicels 1.5‒2.5 mm long. Seeds 1.2‒2 mm long............................................. 2. P. chrysanthus</p><p>6. Petioles 1‒1.5 mm long; leaf base oblique, subcordate, apex mucronate, lateral veins 5‒7 on each side of the midrib. Staminate pedicels 2‒4 mm long. Pistillate pedicels 8‒10 mm long. Seeds c. 2.5 mm long..... 9. P. glaucophyllus</p><p>7. Branches and/or leaves least partially hairy (check young parts)........................................ 8</p><p>7. Branches and leaves completely glabrous.......... 15</p><p>8. Pistillate disc consisting of free glands, alternating with sepals....................................... 9</p><p>8. Pistillate disc entire, annular..................... 10</p><p>9. Internodes 0.8‒1 mm long. Leaf blades 2‒7 by 1.5‒3.5 mm. Stamens c. 0.4 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Fruiting pedicels 8‒12 mm long....................... 5. P. dumosus</p><p>9. Internodes 2‒5 mm long. Leaf blades 5‒13.5 by 2‒7 mm. Stamens c. 0.6 mm long. Ovary densely hirsute. Fruiting pedicels 3‒4 mm long................ 23. P. wheeleri</p><p>10. Leaf blades densely hairy on both sides, less than 4 mm wide, lateral veins not visible.......... 18. P. tararae</p><p>10. Leaf blades glabrous, sometimes distally tomentellous above ( P. samarensis) or (sparsely) hairy ( P. lancifolius)/ rarely tomentellous ( P. samarensis) on both sides, wider than 4 mm, lateral veins 6‒11, well visible on each side of the midrib.................................. 11</p><p>11. Staminate flowers c. 4 mm diam. Pistillate flower 4‒5 mm diam. Ovary verrucate............... 11. P. macraei</p><p>11. Staminate flowers 1‒3 mm diam. Pistillate flower up to 3 mm diam. Ovary hairy, tuberculate or glabrous.... 12</p><p>12. Stipule margins fimbriate. Leaf blades obovate, sometimes elliptic, base narrowly cuneate to attenuate. 3. P. clarkei</p><p>12. Stipule margins entire. Leaf blades elliptic to oblong or ovate-elliptic, base obtuse, sometimes cuneate, rounded to subcordate............................... 13</p><p>13. Leaf blades mostly ovate-elliptic, 9‒79 mm long, apex acuminate.......................... 10. P. lancifolius</p><p>13. Leaf blades mostly elliptic to oblong, 7‒38 mm long, apex acute to obtuse or rounded to retuse............. 14</p><p>14. Leaf blades 11‒38 mm long; stamens 0.6‒0.8 mm long. Fruiting pedicels 11‒25 mm long........ 6. P. everettii</p><p>14. Leaf blades 7‒24 mm long; stamens c. 0.3 mm long. Fruiting pedicels not longer than 11 mm .. 17. P. samarensis</p><p>15. Branches strongly winged, wings 0.8‒1 mm wide. Flowers of both sexes with 5 sepals........... 1. P. aoraiensis</p><p>15. Branches not winged, ridged or slightly (up to 0.2 mm wide) winged. Flowers of both sexes usually with 6 sepals (but often 4 in the staminate flowers of P. ussuriensis).... 16</p><p>16. Usually prostrate herbs or subshrubs, sometimes erect up to 150 cm high. Stamen filaments connate, but connectives free. Leaf blade irregularly orbicular, 2‒4 mm diam................................... 24. P. womersleyi</p><p>16. Usually erect herbs, (sub)shrubs or trees. Stamen filaments free. Leaf blade suborbicular, ovate, oblong, elliptic, obovate, 2‒85 mm long......................... 17</p><p>17. Leaf blades obovate, base very narrow, cordate-sagittate................................ 13. P. myrtifolius</p><p>17. Leaf blades suborbicular, ovate, elliptic, oblong or sel- dom obovate, base of normal width, cuneate, attenuate, rounded, obtuse or (sub)cordate................. 18</p><p>18. Pistillate disc consisting of free glands............ 19</p><p>18. Pistillate disc entire, annular.................... 20</p><p>19. Leaf blades 2‒7 by 1.5‒3.5 mm, blades only 1.3‒2 times longer than wide; apex retuse to rounded. Staminate flowers with 6 sepals, stamens 3........... 5. P. dumosus</p><p>19. Leaf blades 4‒25 by 1.5‒8 mm, blades&gt; 2 times longer than wide; apex obtuse or acute, rarely rounded. Staminate flowers with 4 or 6 sepals, stamens mostly 2, but sometimes 3 on the same plant............... 21. P. ussuriensis</p><p>20. Leaf blades 22‒85 by 10‒40 mm, midrib prominent on both sides, lateral veins prominent above. Pistillate pedicels up to 30 mm long.................... 20. P. urceolatus</p><p>20. Leaf blades 2‒80 by 1‒32 mm, midrib above flat or sunken (sometimes slightly prominent), prominent underneath, lateral veins flat above or sunken or barely visible. Pistillate pedicels up to 19 mm long..................... 21</p><p>21. Staminate flowers 1.5‒4 mm diam. Pistillate flowers 4‒5.5 mm diam................................... 22</p><p>21. Staminate flowers 0.7‒1.7 mm diam. Pistillate flowers 1‒3 mm diam................................... 24</p><p>22. Leaf blades 3‒37 by 2.5‒18 mm. Staminate flowers 1.5‒ 2.8 mm diam................... 8. P. gardnerianus</p><p>22. Leaf blades 7‒80 by 4‒32 mm. Staminate flowers 3‒4 mm diam................................... 23</p><p>23. Large shrubs or trees, 0.9–5 m high. Petioles up to 4 mm, leaf blades 7‒80 by 5‒32 mm. Staminate pedicels 1.5‒3 mm long.......................... 4. P. distichus</p><p>23. Shrubs to herbs, usually less than 1 m high (exceptionally 2 m in P. pacificus). Petioles usually shorter than 2 mm, leaf blades 14‒45 by 4‒18 mm. Staminate pedicels 3‒6 mm long........................... 11. P. macraei</p><p>24. Staminate pedicels 0.5‒0.8 mm long. Pistillate flowers 1‒1.2 mm diam, pedicels 0.5‒2 mm long........................................... 12. P. minutiflorus</p><p>24. Staminate pedicels 0.2‒5 mm long. Pistillate flowers more than 1.5 mm diam, pedicels at least 2.5 mm long.... 25</p><p>25. Leaf blades wider than 6 mm, 1.1–3.7 times longer than wide. Staminate sepals 1.2‒1.5 by 1‒1.2 mm; stamens 1‒1.2 mm long..................... 14. P. pacificus</p><p>25. Leaf blades at most 6 mm wide; (1‒)2.5‒7.5 times longer than wide. Staminate sepals 0.4‒1 by 0.2‒0.5 mm; stamens 0.3‒0.4 mm long........................ 26</p><p>26. Leaf blades 6‒15 by 1‒2 mm. Stipules suborbicular, c. 0.5 by 0.3 mm. Leaf blades small, not longer than 15 mm, usually 5–7.5 times longer than wide, lateral veins barely visible. Staminate flowers c. 0.8 mm diam. Pistillate pedicels 2.5–4 mm long, ovaries always verrucate... 7. P. exilis</p><p>26. Leaf blades 3‒40 by 1‒6 mm. Stipules triangular, 1–2.5 by 0.5–1 mm. Leaf blades small to slightly larger, 3–40 mm long, mostly less than 5 times longer than wide (rarely up to 6.7 times), venation prominent, usually 5–8 lateral veins on each side of the midrib. Staminate flowers 0.8‒1.7 mm diam. Pistillate pedicels 3–9 mm long, ovaries glabrous or verrucate.......................... 22. P. virgatus</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74765C53BAE7CDA36FD60FBE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74763C53AAE7DDD56FD60FB07.text	03DA87F74763C53AAE7DDD56FD60FB07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus chrysanthus Baill.	<div><p>2. Phyllanthus chrysanthus Baill. — Map 2</p><p>Phyllanthus chrysanthus Baill.(1862a) 238;Müll.Arg.(1863) 34;(1866) 393; Guillaumin (1948) 177; Lobr.-Callen et al. (1988) 294; M. Schmid (1991) 48. — Diasperus chrysanthus (Baill.) Kuntze (1891) 598. — Lectotype (designated by Schmid 1991): E. Vieillard 1201, 1855 (P (P00066057); iso P (P00066058)), New Caledonia, Balade.</p><p>Phyllanthus persimilis Müll.Arg. (1863) 34; (1866) 392. — Lectotype (designated here): E. Vieillard 1201 p.p., 1855 (G-DC (G00318228)), New Caledonia, Balade.</p><p>(Prostrate) shrubs, 10‒100 cm high, monoecious; branches (minutely) ridged, brown, older branches subcylindrical, glabrous, younger branches subcylindrical or distally flattened, often winged and shortly puberulous; internodes 0.2‒4 mm long. Stipules triangular, 1‒2 by 0.5‒1 mm, base bilaterally auriculate, margin entire or (extremely) erose, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole 0.2‒1 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic or orbicular, 1.5‒30 by 1‒9 mm, 1‒2.5(‒5) times longer than wide, base rounded or obtuse, margin thickened, flat, apex rounded or obtuse, not mucronate; midrib slightly prominent above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 3‒5 on each side, often not or barely visible, flat on both sides. Staminate flowers 1‒3 together, 1.3‒2 mm diam; pedicel 1‒1.5 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 0.5‒1.2 by 0.2‒0.8 mm, whitish, (pale) green or (pale) yellow, apex acute or obtuse; disc glands 6, circular, 0.2‒0.3 mm diam, flat; stamens 3, 0.5‒0.8 mm long, filaments free, thecae subglobular, c. 0.2 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, 2‒3 mm diam; pedicel 1.5‒2.5 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 1‒1.5 by 0.5‒0.8 mm, whitish, (pale) green or (pale) yellow, apex obtuse or rounded; disc annular, (slightly) lobed, 0.8‒1 mm diam, c. 0.1 mm high; ovary sessile, oblate(-ovoid), 0.6‒1 mm diam, 0.4‒0.8 mm high, glabrous; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 1 mm long, bifid for between 3/4 and 4/5 of the length, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 2.2‒3 mm diam, with 3 deep and 3 shallow grooves, often bivalved, glabrous, green or red; pedicel 2‒3.5 mm long, glabrous; columella 0.8‒1 mm long. Seeds 1.2‒2 mm high, c. 1 mm wide, minutely verrucate, chestnut-brown, verrucae circular, randomly placed or in (indistinct) longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — New Caledonia.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in maquis shrubland, forests and near rivers, on rocky, alluvium, laterite and/or serpentine soils. Altitude: 0‒1150 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Note — According to Guillaumin (1948), P. chrysanthus can be distinguished by its randomly positioned verrucae on the seeds and the smooth ovary, while P. virgatus from New Caledonia has seeds with the verrucae in a linear pattern and the ovary can be either smooth or verrucate. However, seeds with randomly positioned verrucae have been found in specimens of P. virgatus from all over Asia and Australia, not just from New Caledonia. A better distinctive character is the thickened leaf margins, in comparison to the flat or revolute leaf margins of P. virgatus, and the more prominent midvein in P. chrysanthus .</p><p>Key to the varieties</p><p>1. Branches glabrous, flattened, especially distally. Leaf blades (2‒)5‒19(‒30) mm long........... a. var. chrysanthus</p><p>1. Young branches distally shortly puberulous or minutely verrucate, subcylindrical, only slightly flattened. Leaf blades 1.5‒10 mm long................................ 2</p><p>2. Leaf blades 1.5‒3.5(‒5) by 1‒2 mm. Staminate sepals c. 1.2 mm long. Pistillate sepals c. 1.5 mm long............................................ b. var. deverdensis</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74763C53AAE7DDD56FD60FB07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74762C53AAE7DDED2FB2FFCBA.text	03DA87F74762C53AAE7DDED2FB2FFCBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus chrysanthus var. deverdensis M. Schmid	<div><p>b. var. deverdensis M.Schmid</p><p>Phyllanthus chrysanthus Baill.var. deverdensis M. Schmid (1991) 53. — Type: HS MacKee 30021 (holo P (P00066096); iso K, NOU, P (P00066097)), New Caledonia, Cap Deverd, Gomen.</p><p>Prostrate shrubs; branches subcylindrical, older branches ridg- ed, glabrous, younger branches without ridges, shortly puberulous; internodes 0.2‒1 mm long. Stipules c. 1.5 by 0.8 mm, margin entire. Leaves: petiole c. 0.2 mm long; blade elliptic or orbicular, 1.5‒3.5(‒5) by 1‒2 mm, 1‒2 times longer than wide, glabrous, green, base rounded, apex rounded or obtuse; lateral veins not visible. Staminate flowers solitary or 2 together, c. 2 mm diam; pedicel c. 1 mm long; sepals c. 1.2 by 0.8 mm, whitish or pale green, apex obtuse; disc glands c. 0.2 mm diam; stamens c. 0.8 mm long. Pistillate flowers c. 3 mm diam; pedicel 2‒2.5 mm long; sepals c. 1.5 by 0.6 mm, whitish or pale green, apex obtuse; disc and ovary not seen. Fruits not seen intact; pedicel 2‒2.5 mm long; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 1.2 mm high, c. 1 mm wide, verrucae circular, randomly placed or in indistinct longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — New Caledonia (Kaala-Gomen, Cap Deverd).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Maquis shrubland and forests.Altitude: 20–30 m.</p><p>Note — No complete pistillate flowers or intact fruits were found in the six specimens studied.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74762C53AAE7DDED2FB2FFCBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74762C53AAE7DDDDFFB32F83D.text	03DA87F74762C53AAE7DDDDFFB32F83D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus chrysanthus var. micrantheoides (Baill.) M. Schmid	<div><p>c. var. micrantheoides (Baill.) M.Schmid</p><p>Phyllanthus chrysanthus Baill. var. micrantheoides (Baill.) M. Schmid (1991) 52. — Phyllanthus micrantheoides Baill. (1862a) 238; Müll.Arg. (1866) 387. — Diasperus micrantheoides (Baill.) Kuntze (‘ micrantheodes ’) (1891) 600. — Lectotype (designated here): J.F. Pancher 365 (P (P00066093); iso P (P00066094)), New Caledonia, Sommet du Pic.</p><p>Phyllathus rufidulus Müll.Arg.(1863) 29; Guillaumin (1948) 176. — Diasperus rufidulus (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze(1891) 600. — Syntypes: E.Vieillard 1196 (G-DC, P), New Caledonia, Port de France.</p><p>Phyllanthus rufidulus Müll.Arg. var. kafeateenis Guillaumin (1962) 247. — Lectotype (designated by Schmid 1991): A. Guillaumin &amp; M. Baumann 9657 (probably P, not seen), New Caledonia, Mont Kafeate.</p><p>Shrubs, 10‒100 cm high; branches subcylindrical, older branches glabrous, ridged, younger branches without ridges, sometimes distally slightly flattened, shortly puberulous or minutely verrucate; internodes 0.2‒1 mm long. Stipules c. 1 by 0.5 mm, margin entire. Leaves: petiole c. 0.3 mm long; blade elliptic, ovate or orbicular, 3.5‒10 by 2.5‒8 mm, 1.2‒2.5 times longer than wide, glabrous, rarely puberulous on one or both sides, upper surface light to dark green, underneath paler green, sometimes reddish on one or both sides, base rounded, apex rounded or obtuse; lateral veins 3‒5 flat and barely visible on both sides. Staminate flowers solitary to 3 together, 1.2‒2 mm diam; pedicel 1‒1.4 mm long; sepals 0.5‒0.8 by 0.2‒0.5 mm, (pale) green or yellow, often with reddish centre, apex acute; disc glands c. 0.2 mm diam; stamens c. 0.5 mm long. Pistillate flowers c. 2.5 mm diam; pedicel 1.5‒2.5 mm long; sepals 1‒1.2 by 0.6‒0.8 mm, (pale) green or yellow, often with reddish centre, apex obtuse; disc annular, slightly lobed, c. 1 mm diam, c. 0.1 mm high; ovary oblate, c. 1 mm diam, c. 0.8 mm high; stigmas 3, c. 1 mm long, bifid for 4/5 of the length. Fruits c. 2.2 mm diam, green or red; pedicel 2‒2.5 mm long; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 2 by 1 mm, verrucae circular, randomly placed or in indistinct longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — New Caledonia.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in (open) maquis shrubland and low forests, often near rivers, on alluvium, laterite and/or serpentine soils. Altitude: 10‒1000 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74762C53AAE7DDDDFFB32F83D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74761C539AD32DED2FC1AFD48.text	03DA87F74761C539AD32DED2FC1AFD48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus clarkei Hook. f.	<div><p>3. Phyllanthus clarkei Hook.f. — Map 3</p><p>Phyllanthus clarkei Hook.f. (1887) 297; A.M. Cowan &amp; Cowan (1929) 117; Croizat (1940) 650; Airy Shaw (1972) 317; R.L. Mitra &amp; Sanjappa (2003) 13; Chantar. (2007) 483; P.T.Li &amp; M.G.Gilbert (2008) 181; Chakrab. &amp; N.P.Balakr. (2009) 527; (2018) 338. — Diasperus clarkei (Hook.f.) Kuntze (1891) 601. — Lectotype (designated by Mitra &amp; Sanjappa 2003): C.B. Clarke 25420 (K (K000246582);iso BM (BM000951413), K (K000246581, K000246583)), India, Sikkim Himalaya at Catsuperri.</p><p>Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. tonkinensis Beille (1927) 578. — Syntypes: Balansa s.n. (probably in P,not traced) Tonkin Cho-bo (black river), Vietnam; Poilane s.n. (probably in P, not traced) Ban-sa-noi, Ba-na-punk, Vietnam .</p><p>(Sub)shrubs, up to 120 cm high, monoecious; branches terete, not winged, scabrid to puberulous; internodes 2–7 mm long. Stipules ovate-triangular, 1.5–2.4 by c. 0.8 mm, persistent, brown when dry, base bilaterally auriculate, margin fimbriate, apex caudate. Leaves: petiole 1–1.5 mm long, glabrous; blade obovate, sometimes elliptic, 7–22 by 4–12 mm, 1.2–2.4 times longer than wide, membranous, base cuneate-attenuate,margin entire, plane to revolute, apex rounded to revolute, mucronate, dark green above, light-green underneath; midrib flat above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 4–5 per side, barely visible above, clear underneath. Staminate flowers 1–3 together, 1.5–2.5 mm diam; pedicel 1–3 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, obovate, 0.8–1.2 by 0.5–0.9 mm, apex acuminate; disc glands 6, flat, circular, c. 0.2 mm diam, thin, smooth; stamens 3, 0.7–1 mm long, filaments free, 0.5–0.8 mm long, thecae globular, 0.2–0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, rarely in pairs, 1.5–2.5 mm diam; pedicel 2–4 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, obovate, 1–1.2 by 0.5–0.6 mm, apex obtuse; disc annular, slightly cupuliform, 6-lobed, c. 1.2 mm diam, 0.2–0.3 mm high, smooth; ovary subglobose, c. 1 mm diam, c. 0.9 mm high, each locule with a groove, glabrous; stigmas 3, c. 0.8 mm long, bifid for half of length. Fruits globose, 2.2–3.2 mm diam by c. 2.5 mm high, 6-grooved, green, turning black when dry, glabrous; pedicel 3–9 mm long, stigmas and sepals persistent; columella c. 1.2 mm long. Seeds trigonous, c. 2.2 by 1.1 mm, smooth when young, then verrucate along longitudinal lines, verrucae circular.</p><p>Distribution — India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, China, Thailand and Vietnam.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Open, rocky ground, found in pastures, sometimes on limestone ridges.Altitude: 900–2300 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Vernacular name — Thailand: Mayom doi (มะยมดอย) (Chantaranothai 2007).</p><p>Notes — 1. This species is closely related to other species of subg. Macraea according to the phylogeny of Luo et al. (2011). Morphological characters such as its non-phyllanthoid branching and staminate flowers with free stamens confirm that this species should be placed in subg. Macraea .</p><p>2. A similar species was described by Chakrabarty &amp; Gangopadhyay (1993) as P. sanjappae . This species has not yet been included in any pollen or phylogenetic study and the staminate flowers are not known, so it is difficult to place this species in subg. Macraea with full certainty. Phylanthus sanjappae is distinct by its glabrous branchlets, sessile leaves with a mucron and the presence of a short style under the stigmas. However, the leaves of P. clarkei can also be mucronate and the indumentum is variable.</p><p>3. This species was confused by Hooker (1887) with P. parvifolius Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don and is also similar to P. pseudoparvifolius . A detailed study into the identity of these species was done by Mitra &amp; Sanjappa (2003). Phyllanthus clarkei can be distinguished from P. parvifoliu s and P. pseudoparvifolius by its branching floriferous shoots, completely free stamens and longer fruiting pedicels (Mitra &amp; Sanjappa 2003).</p><p>4. Map data was supplemented with data from Gbif.org. Coordinate data can be accessed via https://doi.org/10.15468/ dl.uv7ddr.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74761C539AD32DED2FC1AFD48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74761C538AE7DDCC9FE91FAFA.text	03DA87F74761C538AE7DDCC9FE91FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus distichus Hook. & Arn.	<div><p>4. Phyllanthus distichus Hook. &amp; Arn. — Map 4</p><p>Phyllanthus distichus Hook. &amp; Arn. (1832) 95; Müll.Arg. (1866) 413; Hook.f. (1887) 304; W.J. Kress et al. (2003) 233. — Diasperus distichus (Hook. &amp; Arn.) Kuntze (1891) 599. — Lectotype (designated here): Beechey's Voyage (Lay &amp; Collie) s.n. (K (K001056963); iso E, K (K001056962), L (L.2252054), USA, Hawai’i, O’ahu.</p><p>[ Phyllanthus argentatus Noronha (1790) 22, nom. nud.]</p><p>[ Phyllanthus cheremela Roxb. (1814) 104, nom. nud.]</p><p>Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg.(1863) 31;(1866) 389;Wawra (1875) 149; Sherff (1939) 563. — Diasperus sandwicensis (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891) 600. — Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg. var. oblongifolius Müll.Arg. (1863) 31, nom. inval., not autonym; (1866) 389. — Syntypes: C. Gaudichaud­Beaupré s.n. (P), USA, Hawai’i; L.K.A. Chamisso s.n. (LE), USA, Hawai’i.</p><p>Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg.var. ellipticus Müll.Arg.(1863) 31; (1866) 389. — Phyllanthus distichus Hook.&amp;Arn.var. ellipticus (Müll.Arg.) Govaerts &amp; Radcl. -Sm. (1996) 176. — Syntypes (based on Müller 1866): C. Gaudichaud­Beaupré 290 (G,G-DC, P), USA, Hawai’i; Chamisso s.n. (LE); B . Seemann 2284 (BM).</p><p>Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg.var. parvifolius Müll.Arg.(1863) 32;(1866) 389. — Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg. forma parvifolius (Müll.Arg.) Wawra (1875) 149. — Type: C. Gaudichaud­Beaupré 289 (holo G-DC), USA, Hawai’i.</p><p>Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg.var. radicans Müll.Arg.(1863) 32;(1866) 389. — Type: C. Gaudichaud­Beaupré s.n. (holo G-DC), USA, Hawai’i .</p><p>Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg.f. grandifolia Wawra (1875) 149. — Type: W. Hillebrand 2340a (holo W), Hawai’i.</p><p>Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg. f. rufidus Fosberg (1936) 6. — Type: FR Fosberg 12410 (holo BISH (BISH1009121); iso BISH (BISH1009120), CAS), USA, Hawai’i, Lanai, Haalelepaakai .</p><p>Phyllanthus sandwicensis Müll.Arg.var. degeneri Sherff (1939) 567. — Phyllanthus distichus Hook.&amp; Arn.var. degeneri (Sherff) Govaerts &amp; Radcl. -Sm. (1996) 176. — Type: O. Degener 8019 (iso F), USA, Hawai’i.</p><p>Shrubs or trees, 90‒500 cm high, monoecious; branches ridg- ed, glabrous,dark or cinnamon-brown,distally flattened, winged, dark brown or sage-green; internodes 3‒10 mm long. Stipules ovate, c. 2 by 1 mm, base cordate, margin erose, spinose or very irregular, apex acute. Leaves: petiole 0.5‒4 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic, 7‒80 by 5‒32 mm, 1.3‒3.1 times longer than wide, glabrous, upper surface sage-green, sometimes reddish, underneath slightly paler, base rounded, margin not thickened, flat, apex acute, less often obtuse or rounded; midrib flat or sunken above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 5‒11 on each side, flat or sunken on both sides, sage-green above, chestnut-brown underneath. Staminate flowers solitary to 7 together, c. 3 mm diam; pedicel 1.5‒3 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, c. 1.2 by 0.6 mm, light red with pale yellow margin or entirely pale yellow, apex acute; disc glands 6, circular,c. 0.5 mm diam, flat; stamens 3, c. 1 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae subglobular, c. 0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers in pairs or solitary, c. 5 mm diam; pedicel 8‒10 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 2‒2.5 by c. 1 mm, light red with pale yellow margin or entirely pale yellow, apex acute; disc annular, with six small lobes alternate to the sepals, crispate, c. 1 mm diam, c. 0.1 mm thick; ovary sessile, globular-oblate, c. 1.5 mm diam, c. 1 mm high, glabrous; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 1 mm long, bifid for half of the length, thin, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 3‒3.5 mm diam, 6-grooved, glabrous, yellow green; pedicel 8‒12 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 2 mm high, c. 1 mm wide, smooth, chestnut-brown.</p><p>Distribution — Hawai’i (west Maui, O’ahu, Kauai, Molokai and Lanai).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In dry or rainy forests, thickets and bushland, on rocky ridges, in gulches and on slopes. Altitude: 300‒1000 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Notes — 1. This species is very variable in leaf shape and size. It can be distinguished by its size and robustness of the branches when compared to other species of subg. Macraea .</p><p>2. Sherff (1939) distinguished var. degeneri by its distally more alate branchlets and cylindric and more elongate pulvina. None of the distinguishing characters for var. degeneri were found in the material. There is a gradient in leaf size and apex shape that connects var. distichus to var. ellipticus . Both small- and large-leaved specimens were found on the same islands, which further confirms our decision not to distinguish varieties, but to unite them.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74761C538AE7DDCC9FE91FAFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74760C538AD32DB1CFB76FAFA.text	03DA87F74760C538AD32DB1CFB76FAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus dumosus C. B. Rob.	<div><p>5. Phyllanthus dumosus C.B.Rob. — Map 5</p><p>Phyllanthus dumosus C.B.Rob. (1909) 79; Merr. (1923) 392. — Lectotype (designated here): FB (M.L. Merritt &amp; F.W. Darling) 13974 (K; iso US), Philippines, Luzon, province of Ilocos Norte.</p><p>Shrubs, c. 1 m high, monoecious; much-branched with small branches from main stem; branches light brown, terete, not winged, pubescent when young, otherwise glabrous, side branches often shorter than 5 cm; internodes 0.8‒1 mm long. Stipules ovate-triangular, c. 0.4 by 0.2 mm, caducous, flat, membranous, margin thinner than centre, dark brown when dry, base obtuse, margin entire, apex caudate (tip may break off, then rounded). Leaves: petiole 0.2‒0.4 mm long, glabrous; blade ovate-orbicular when young, to elliptic, 2‒7 by 1.5‒3.5 mm, 1.3‒2 times longer than wide, membranous, glabrous, base often oblique, slightly cordate, margin not thickened, revolute, apex slightly retuse to rounded, mucronate, upper side often darker than lower side; midrib slightly raised on lower side, lateral veins 4‒6 per side, barely visible. Staminate flowers 1–2 together, 0.7‒0.8 mm diam; pedicel 1.2‒5 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, red when dry, in two indistinct whorls, obovate, 0.8‒1 by 0.8‒0.9 mm, apex obtuse or rounded; disc glands 6, flat, slightly ovoid with broad end towards stamen, c. 0.2 by 0.1 mm, c. 0.1 mm high, smooth; stamens 3, c. 0.4 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae rounded to oval, 0.2‒0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers usually solitary, c. 1.5 mm diam when closed, c. 3 mm diam when opened; pedicel c. 2 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, in two indistinct whorls, obovate, 0.8‒1.2 by c. 0.7 mm, midrib not conspicuous, apex obtuse to acute; disc glands 6, elliptic, partly covered by ovary, only orbicular glands visible, c. 0.3 by 0.1 mm, smooth; ovary sessile, globose, 6-grooved, c. 1 mm diam, 0.6‒0.7 mm high, glabrous; style absent, stigmas 3, 0.3‒0.4 mm long, bifid for two third of length. Fruits subglobose, 2.5‒3.5 mm diam, 6-grooved, brown when dry, glabrous; pedicel 8‒12 mm long; columella c. 1.5 mm long. Seeds 1.7 mm long, verrucose-tuberculate along longitudinal lines (Robinson 1909).</p><p>Distribution — Philippines (Luzon, Ilocos Norte Prov., Mount Piao).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Exposed ridges (Robinson 1909). Altitude: c. 1100 m. Flowering and fruiting in November, only known from the type.</p><p>Notes — 1. Very similar to P. chrysanthus, but differing in the size of the shrub stems and pedicel lengths of the flowers of both sexes.</p><p>2. Only the type material is available and this species has not been collected since. The type only contains a few fruits and no seeds. Since the description by Robinson (1909) seems adequate, the species is incorporated here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74760C538AD32DB1CFB76FAFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74760C537AE7DDB1CFD0DFD58.text	03DA87F74760C537AE7DDB1CFD0DFD58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus everettii C. B. Rob.	<div><p>6. Phyllanthus everettii C.B.Rob. — Map 5</p><p>Phyllanthus everettii C.B.Rob. (1909) 80; Merr. (1923) 392. — Lectotype (designated here): FB (Everett) 4301 (K; iso NY, US), Philippines, Negros, Gimagaan river.</p><p>Shrubs, up to 3 m high, monoecious; branches terete, flattened in young branches and distal parts of older branches, pubescent; internodes 3‒4 mm long. Stipules elliptic, 2‒3 by 0.8‒1 mm, persistent or caducous, membranous, base bilaterally auriculate, margin entire, apex caudate. Leaves: petiole 0.5‒1 mm, slightly pubescent; blade elliptic to oblong, 11‒38 by 4‒11 mm, 2.1‒3.9 times longer than wide, membranous, glabrous, base obtuse to cuneate, slightly asymmetric, margin not thickened, revolute, apex acute to obtuse, mucronate; midrib slightly raised on both sides, lateral veins 7‒11 per side. Staminate flowers in fascicles of 2‒4, rarely together with a pistillate flower, c. 1.4 mm diam in bud, c. 2.5 mm diam when opened; pedicel 2‒12 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, slightly ovate, 1.1‒1.4 by 0.5‒0.8 mm, midrib distinct, but not thickened, apex obtuse, white; disc glands 6, circular to ovate, flat with a nonraised distinct central part, 0.3‒0.4 mm diam, height c. 0.1 mm, smooth; stamens 3, c. 0.8 mm long, filaments free, 0.6‒0.8 mm long, anthers c. 0.2 mm high, thecae rounded. Pistillate flowers solitary, rarely in pairs, c. 3 mm diam when open; pedicel 4‒24 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, elliptic to slightly ovate, 1.1‒1.5 by 0.8‒0.9 mm, midrib conspicuous, apex obtuse; disc entire, 6-lobed, lobes alternating with sepals, c. 1.5 mm diam, smooth; ovary sessile, subglobose, 6-grooved, 0.7‒1 by c. 0.8 mm, tuberculate; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 1 mm long, bifid for 2/3 of the length. Fruits subglobose, 2.5‒3 mm diam, 6-grooved, glabrous; pedicel 11‒25 mm long; columella 1‒1.5 mm long. Seeds c. 1.4 mm high, c. 1 mm wide, verrucose along longitudinal lines, brown.</p><p>Distribution — Philippines (Luzon).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — On forested stream banks at low and medium altitude (Merrill 1923).</p><p>Vernacular name — Miagos (Panay Bisáya) (Merrill 1923).</p><p>Note — Similar to some of the other species in the Philippines like P. samarensis and P. lancifolius . This species is distinct by its leaf blades, which are elliptic, as opposed to ovate in P. lancifolius, and larger than those found in P. samarensis . The resemblance with P. samarensis is quite considerable and these species might possibly have to be combined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74760C537AE7DDB1CFD0DFD58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476FC537AD32DCB9FAE9FE9F.text	03DA87F7476FC537AD32DCB9FAE9FE9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus exilis S. Moore	<div><p>7. Phyllanthus exilis S.Moore — Map 6</p><p>Phyllanthus exilis S. Moore (1926) 97; J. T. Hunter &amp; J. J. Bruhl (1997) 153. — Type : GH Wilkins 109 (holo K), Australia, Groote Eylandt .</p><p>Erect herbs or subshrubs, 30‒60 cm tall, monoecious; branches brown, distally slightly flattened and green, glabrous; internodes 2‒10 mm long. Stipules suborbicular, c. 1 by 0.3 mm, base slightly subcordate, margin entire, apex caudate. Leaves: petiole 0.5‒1 mm long, glabrous; blade narrowly elliptic, 6‒15 by 1‒2 mm, 5‒7.5 times longer than wide, glabrous, green, base obtuse, rounded or slightly subcordate, margin not thickened, flat, apex obtuse or rounded, often minutely mucronate; midrib sunken above, prominent underneath, lateral veins barely visible, flat above, slightly prominent underneath. Staminate flowers solitary to 3 together, c. 0.8 mm diam; pedicel c. 1 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, ovate, pale green and reddish, in two whorls, outer ones c. 0.4 by 0.6 mm, apex acute, inner ones c. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, apex obtuse; disc glands 6, circular, c. 0.2 mm diam, flat, slightly dented in the middle; stamens 3, c. 0.3 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae globular, c. 0.2 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, c. 1.8 mm diam; pedicel 2.5‒4 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, ovate, c. 1 by 0.5 mm, pale green and reddish, apex obtuse; disc annular, c. 1 mm diam, flat; ovary sessile, subglobular, c. 1 mm diam, c. 0.5 mm high, verrucate; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 0.3 mm long, bifid for half of the length, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, c. 2 mm diam, 6-grooved, basally glabrous, apically minutely verrucate; pedicel c. 5 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 1.5 by 1 mm, smooth, chestnut-brown.</p><p>Distribution — Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In (low) open wood- of shrubland on (shallow) brown or red rocky, loamy, sandy, clayey or skeletal soil. Altitude: 15‒ 385 m. Flowering and fruiting: April to June.</p><p>Note — Very similar to P. virgatus, but with long, extremely narrow leaves. While the ovary of P. virgatus can be smooth or verrucate, the ovary of P. exilis is always verrucate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476FC537AD32DCB9FAE9FE9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476FC536AE7DDFFAFDB3FE0A.text	03DA87F7476FC536AE7DDFFAFDB3FE0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus gardnerianus (Wight) Baill.	<div><p>8. Phyllanthus gardnerianus (Wight) Baill. — Map 7</p><p>Phyllanthus gardnerianus (Wight) Baill. (1858) 628; Thwaites (1861) 282 (as P. gardneri); G.L.Webster (1997) 212; Chakrab. &amp; N.P.Balakr. (2018) 300. — Macraea gardneriana Wight (1852) 27, pl. 1902-3. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. gardnerianus (Wight) Müll.Arg. (1863) 33; (1866) 392; Hook.f. (1887) 295; N.P.Balakr. &amp; Chakrab. (2007) 381. — Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst. var. gardnerianus (Wight) Govaerts &amp; Radcl. -Sm. (1996) 177. — Lectotype (designated by Webster 1997): G. Gardner s.n. in GHK Thwaites C.P. 296 (K), Sri Lanka, Horton Plain.</p><p>Phyllanthus miquelianus Müll.Arg. (1863) 33; (1866) 391. — Diasperus miquelianus (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891) 600. — Lectotype (designated here): RF Hohenacker 1130A (G-DC; iso L (L.2247451)), India.</p><p>Phyllanthus patens Miq. ex Müll.Arg. (1863) 34 (non Phyllanthus patens Roxb.). — Type: RF Hohenacker 1130 (holo L (L.2248235)), India .</p><p>Herbs or subshrubs, sometimes 5‒10 cm high, often much higher, monoecious; branches brown, glabrous, distally slightly flattened, often winged; internodes 1‒9 mm long. Stipules triangular, 1.5‒2 by 0.8‒1 mm, base cordate, margin entire or erose, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole 0.5‒1 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic, rarely suborbicular, 3‒37 by 2.5‒18 mm, 1.2‒3.5 times longer than wide, glabrous, green above, slightly paler green underneath, base rounded or (sub)cordate, margin not thickened, revolute, apex obtuse or rounded, often minutely mucronate; midrib flat or slightly suppressed above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 3‒6 per side, not visible above, slightly prominent underneath. Staminate flowers solitary to 12 together, 1.5‒2.8 mm diam; pedicel 2‒5 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, obovate, 1‒1.2 by 1‒1.2 mm, pink, apex rounded; disc glands 6, circular, flat, c. 0.3 mm diam; stamens 3, c. 1 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae subo- void, c. 0.2 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, 4‒5.5 mm diam; pedicel 4‒19 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 1.8‒2.4 by 1.4‒1.5 mm, red with white margins, apex obtuse; disc annular, flat, slightly crispate, 1.2‒1.6 mm diam; ovary sessile, globular, 1‒1.2 mm diam, 0.8‒1 mm high, slightly verrucate; style absent, stigmas 3, 0.8‒1.2 mm long, bifid for 4/5 of the length, reflexed. Fruits oblate, 2.5‒3.8 mm diam, c. 2 mm high, 6-grooved, with 3 grooves slightly deeper, glabrous or slightly verrucate; pedicel 4‒19 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 1.8 mm long. Seeds c. 1.8 by 1.3 mm, smooth, light brown</p><p>Distribution — South India and Sri Lanka.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — On rocky montane grasslands and disturbed soils. Altitude: 800‒1250 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Uses — Leaf juice used as eyewash or antiseptic. Fresh leaves, bruised and mixed with buttermilk, used as a cure for children’s itch. Root preparations are externally applied to abscesses (Quattrocchi 2016).</p><p>Vernacular name — India: Kaattunelli (Quattrocchi 2016).</p><p>Note — Very similar to P. virgatus, but with significantly larger pistillate flowers and often with wider leaves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476FC536AE7DDFFAFDB3FE0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476EC536AD32DF8CFA3AFBCF.text	03DA87F7476EC536AD32DF8CFA3AFBCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond.	<div><p>9. Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond. — Map 8</p><p>Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond. (1850) 133; Baill. (1862b) 166; Müll.Arg. (1863) 18; (1866) 393; N.E.Br., Hutch. &amp; Prain (1915) 394; Radcl.-Sm. (1987) 19; Jean F. Brunel (1987) 299, annex 40; M.G. Gilbert (1995) 281; Radcl.-Sm.(1996) 48;Radcl.-Sm.&amp; Petra Hoffm.(2006) 610. — Diasperus glaucophyllus (Sond.) Kuntze (1891) 599. — Lectotype (designated here): C.L.P. Zeyher 1509 (S; iso MEL), South Africa, Transvaal, Magalisberg.</p><p>Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond.var. major Müll.Arg.(1864) 514;(1866) 393; N.E. Br., Hutch. &amp; Prain (1912) 713; Jean F. Brunel (1987) 299.— Lectotype (designated here): Sanderson 447 (S; iso DBN, K, NH, SAM,TCD), South Africa, Port Natal (currently Durban).</p><p>Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond. var. suborbicularis Hutch. (in Brown et al. 1920) 395. — Lectotype (designated here): M.E. Barber 39 (K), South Africa, Kaffranian Mountains.</p><p>(Sub)shrubs, 5‒100 cm high, monoecious; stems arising from a thick woody rhizome, barely branching; branches winged or minutely ridged, minutely pubescent or glabrous, greyish green or brown, distally flattened; internodes 3‒6 mm long. Stipules triangular, 1‒2 by 0.3‒1 mm, base bilaterally auriculate, margin entire, sometimes denticulate, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole 1‒1.5 mm long, glabrous; blade ovate or elliptic, 7‒20 by 4‒18 mm, 1.1‒2.5 times longer than wide, glabrous, base often slightly asymmetrical, (sub)cordate, margin thickened or thin, flat or revolute, apex acute, obtuse or rounded, often minutely mucronate; midrib flat above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 5‒7 per side, flat or prominent on both sides. Staminate flowers solitary to 5 together, 1.5‒2.5 mm diam; pedicel 2‒4 mm long, glabrous, often slender; sepals 6, obovate or elliptic, 1‒1.2 by 0.5‒1 mm, white, green or yellow, sometimes with white margin, apex rounded; disc glands 6, either circular, flat, c. 0.2 mm diam or bell-shaped, c. 0.2 mm diam, 0.2‒0.3 mm high; stamens 3, 0.5‒1 mm long, filaments free, thecae subglobular, 0.2‒0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, c. 2.5 mm diam; pedicel 6‒10 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, ovate or elliptic, 1‒1.5 by 0.5‒1 mm, white, green or yellow, apex acute or obtuse; disc annular, slightly lobed, flat, 1.5‒2 mm diam; ovary globular-oblate, 1‒1.5 mm diam, 0.5‒1 mm high, glabrous; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 1 mm long, bifid for 2/3‒3/4 of the length, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 3‒8 mm diam, 6-grooved, glabrous; pedicel 6‒12 mm long, glabrous; columella 1‒1.5 mm long. Seeds c. 2.5 by 2 mm, verrucate, light brown, verrucae circular, randomly placed or in indistinct longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — Southern half of Africa.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In grasslands, savannahs, woodland, on mountains and slopes, often in rocky areas. Altitude: 100‒2000 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Notes — 1. This is the only Macraea species that grows from a woody rhizome, and is therefore easily recognizable.</p><p>2. Brunel (1987) united P. glaucophyllus with P. alpestris, but because of the difference in distribution and morphology of the staminate disc glands, we would like to recognize P. alpestris as a variety of P. glaucophyllus .</p><p>3. Another possible synonym of P. glaucophyllus might be P. graminicola Hutch. because one of the type specimens (C.F.M. Swynnerton 261, stored in BM with barcode BM000911067) was re-identified by Radcliffe-Smith as P. glaucophyllus . However, to our knowledge this combination was never published and the description by Hutchinson in Rendle et al. (1911) differs markedly from any species within subg. Macraea . As we have not seen the specimens during this study, we did not include it here.</p><p>Key to the varieties</p><p>1. Leaf blade concolorous. Staminate flowers solitary; disc glands circular, flat. Pistillate pedicels 8‒10 mm long. Fruits 3‒4 mm diam.................. a. var. glaucophyllus</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476EC536AD32DF8CFA3AFBCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476EC535AE7DD928FE67FC77.text	03DA87F7476EC535AE7DD928FE67FC77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus glaucophyllus var. alpestris (Beille) Verwijs	<div><p>b. var. alpestris (Beille) Verwijs, comb. &amp; stat. nov.</p><p>Phyllanthus alpestris Beille (1908) 56; N.E.Br., Hutch.&amp; Prain (1912) 712; Hutch. &amp; Dalziel (1928) 291; Jean F. Brunel (1987) 299; Essou (2006) 575. — Type: AJB Chevalier 12907 (holo P), Guinea, Fouta Djallon.</p><p>Phyllanthus leonensis Hutch. (1917) 232; Hutch. &amp; Dalziel (1928) 291. — Type: NW Thomas 580 (holo K), Sierra Leone, Sendugu .</p><p>Phyllanthus monticola Hutch. &amp; Dalziel (1928) 291. — Syntypes: GF Scott­Elliot 5819 (K), Sierra Leone, near Regent; GF Scott­Elliot 3962 (K); CE Lane­Poole 424 (K) .</p><p>Shrubs, 15‒100 cm high; branches minutely ridged, minutely pubescent or glabrous, brown; internodes 6‒12 mm long. Stipules 1‒2 by 0.3‒1 mm, base cordate. Leaves: petiole 1‒1.5 mm long; blade 12‒19 by 7.5‒13.5 mm, rarely much smaller on the distal branches, 1.4‒1.6 times longer than wide, discolorous, upper surface medium to dark green, underneath much paler, base subcordate, margin not thickened, revolute, apex rounded, obtuse or acute; midrib flat above, prominent underneath, lateral veins c. 5 per side, flat above, flat or prominent underneath. Staminate flowers 2‒5 together, 1.5‒2.5 mm diam; pedicel 2‒4 mm long; sepals 6, elliptic, c. 1.2 by 1 mm, green or yellow, sometimes with a white margin; disc glands bell-shaped, c. 0.2 mm diam, 0.2‒0.3 mm high; stamens c. 1 mm long, thecae 0.2‒0.3 mm long. Pistillate pedicel c. 6 mm long; sepals green or yellow, sometimes with white margin, apex obtuse, in two whorls, outer ones elliptic, c. 1.5 by 0.5 mm, inner ones ovate, c. 1.5 by 1 mm; disc 1.5‒2 mm diam; ovary c. 1.5 mm diam, c. 1 mm high; stigmas bifid for 3/4 of the length. Fruits 6‒8 mm diam, green; pedicel 6‒9 mm long; columella c. 1.5 mm long. Seeds c. 2.5 by 2 mm, verrucate, light brown, verrucae circular, randomly placed or in indistinct longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast. One specimen was found in Bénin, and one in Ethiopia, the latter is most likely introduced.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In grasslands, savannahs, on mountains and slopes, often in rocky areas. Altitude: 100‒2000 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476EC535AE7DD928FE67FC77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476DC535AD32DD92FAABFABF.text	03DA87F7476DC535AD32DD92FAABFABF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus lancifolius Merr.	<div><p>10. Phyllanthus lancifolius Merr. — Map 9</p><p>Phyllanthus lancifolius Merr. (1914) 489; (1923) 393. — Lectotype (designated here): BS (M. Ramos) 17465 (US), Philippines, Samar.</p><p>Phyllanthus panayensis Merr. (1920) 539; (1923) 394. — Lectotype (designated here): BS (A. Martelino &amp; G. Edaño) 35655 (US; iso A, K, L (L0016442), P), Philippines, Panay island, Mt Bulilao.</p><p>(Sub)shrubs to trees, 1‒8 m high, monoecious or dioecious; branches terete, bark reddish brown, pinkish purplish to light beige, pubescent, young branches with pale spreading short brown hairs; internodes 2‒5 mm long. Stipules ovate-elliptic, 1.5‒2 by 0.6‒0.8 mm, caducous, membranous, brown, base bilaterally auriculate, margin entire, apex caudate, acuminate. Leaves: petiole 0.3‒1 mm, pubescent, brown; blade ovate-elliptic, 9‒79 by 3‒16 mm, 2‒4.6 times longer than wide, membranous, base oblique, rounded, subcordate, margin not thickened, flat, apex acuminate, slightly mucronate, upper side shiny light to dark green or yellowish, lower side pale green, puberulous or glabrous; midrib slightly raised on upper side, sometimes puberulous, lateral veins 8‒11 per side, well visible on both sides. Staminate flowers several to&gt; 10 flowers in axillary fascicles, not all in the same stage, 1‒1.6 mm diam in bud, open 2‒3 mm diam; pedicel 2‒12 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, ovate-elliptic, 1.2‒1.6 by 0.6‒0.8 mm, greenish to yellowish white, midrib slightly curved inwards and thickened, apex rounded to acute, mucronate; disc glands 6, reniform, 0.1‒0.4 mm diam, c. 0.1 mm high, thin, with a central connective, smooth; stamens 3, 0.5‒1 mm long, filaments free, deflexed, thecae rounded, 0.2‒0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary or in pairs in usually upper axils, 1.5‒2 mm diam; pedicel 8‒50 mm long, glabrous, reddish purple; sepals 6, whorls indistinct, (ob)ovate to elliptic, 0.8‒1.8 by 0.5‒0.8 mm, green to yellow or white, midrib not prominent, apex rounded, obtuse or acute; disc annular, slightly cup-shaped and lobed, lobes alternating with sepals, 1.2‒1.4 mm diam, covering ± basal 0.4 mm of ovary, smooth; ovary 3-locular, sessile, depressed subglobose, wider at base, 0.7‒1.5 by 0.5‒0.6 mm high, each locule with a groove, glabrous or pubescent; style absent, stigmas 3, 0.3‒1.2 mm long, bifid for 1/2 of the length, horizontal or pressed to top of ovary. Fruits subglobose, 2.2‒3.7 by c. 2 mm, 6-grooved, (pale) green to yellow or white, glabrous or pubescent; pedicel 10‒50 mm long; columella 1.2‒1.5 mm long. Seeds 1.6‒1.8 by c. 1.4 mm, brown, minutely verrucate, verrucae circular, along longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — Philippines (Bohol, Luzon, Mindanao, Panay, Samar), Lesser Sunda Islands (Flores), Moluccas (Ambon, Buru, Dodaga, Morotai).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — On dry slopes or along creeks on limestone or clay soils in secondary forests with dipterocarps. Altitude: 50‒ 100 m.</p><p>Notes — 1. Similar to P. everettii, but differs in its larger ovate leaves (blades elliptic to oblong, 11‒38 by 4‒11 mm in P. everetii).</p><p>2. Listed in Govaerts et al. (2000) as P. lanceifolius Merr., but written on the type and in the original publication as P. lancifolius .</p><p>3. Merrill (1920) described P. panayensis as differing from P. lancifolius in its smaller leaves and longer pistillate pedicels. However, the leaf size is variable within individuals and specimens were found with leaves of the P. panayensis type but with longer pistillate pedicels (e.g., BS (Ramos) 48249). As only small differences in proportions were encountered, with overlap between the species, it is logical to merge them.</p><p>4. The distribution of this species is greatly expanded with material from the Moluccas and Flores that have typical Macraea flowers and seem allied with this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476DC535AD32DD92FAABFABF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476DC534AE7DDBDAFF62FC6E.text	03DA87F7476DC534AE7DDBDAFF62FC6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus macraei Mull. Arg.	<div><p>11. Phyllanthus macraei Müll.Arg. — Map 7</p><p>Phyllanthus macraei Müll.Arg. (1863) 29 (non Phyllanthus rheedii Wight); (1866) 393; Hook.f. (1887) 296; N.P.Balakr. &amp; Chakrab. (2007) 378; Chakrab.&amp; N.P.Balakr.(2018) 347. — Macraea rheedii Wight (1852) 27,pl. 1901. — Diasperus macraei (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891) 599 (non D. rheedei Kuntze). — Lectotype (designated by Chakrabarty &amp; Balakrishnan 2018): Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5 (1852) pl. 1901, India, Pulney mountains.</p><p>Shrubs, monoecious; branches winged, glabrous or puberulous, dark brown or green, distally flattened; internodes 3‒13 mm long. Stipules triangular, 1‒2 by 0.8‒1 mm, base bilaterally auriculate, margin entire, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole 1‒2 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic, 14‒45 by 4‒18 mm, 1.9‒2.8 times longer than wide, glabrous, upper surface medium to dark green, often underneath paler, base cordate, subcordate, rarely rounded, margin not thickened, revolute, often proximally puberulous, apex obtuse or rounded, often mucronate; midrib flat or sunken above, prominent and rarely puberulous underneath, lateral veins 6‒9 on each side, flat or sunken above, flat or prominent underneath. Staminate flowers 2 or 3 together in axils, c. 4 mm diam; pedicel 3‒6 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, apex rounded, greenish yellow, in two whorls, outer ones ovate, c. 2 by 1.5 mm, inner ones elliptic, c. 1.5 by 1 mm; disc glands 6, oblate, c. 0.6 mm diam, c. 0.1 mm high; stamens 3, c. 1 mm long, filaments free, thecae subglobular, c. 0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, 4‒5 mm diam; pedicel 12‒18 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, apex obtuse or rounded, greenish yellow, in two whorls, outer ones elliptic, c. 2 by 1 mm, inner ones ovate, c. 2 by 2 mm; disc annular, flat, c. 2 mm diam; ovary sessile, globular, c. 1 mm diam, c. 1 mm high, verrucate; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 1 mm long, bifid for 3/4 of the length, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 4‒5 mm diam, 6-grooved, glabrous, greenish; pedicel 12‒18 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 1.5 mm long. Seeds c. 2.5 by 2 mm, smooth or minutely verrucate, dark or chestnut-brown, verrucae circular, randomly and closely placed.</p><p>Distribution — South India (Palni hills, Pulney mountains and Kodaikanal).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Forests and edges of forests near grassland. Altitude: 365‒2100 m. Flowering and fruiting: May, June, September, October, December.</p><p>Vernacular name — India: Macrae’s Leaf-Flower (www. flowersofindia.net).</p><p>Notes — 1. Distinguishable by its often puberulous branches and leaf margins.</p><p>2. Wight (1852) described this plant as Rheede’s Niruri, Horti Malab. 10, t. 27 (1690); this drawing is not very detailed, small in scale and lacking staminate flowers and stipules. Wight, Icon. pl. Ind. Orient. 5 Pl. 1901 (1852) is larger scaled, more comprehensive and more precise and therefore more suitable as lectotype .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476DC534AE7DDBDAFF62FC6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476CC534AD32DDA8FC2FFE71.text	03DA87F7476CC534AD32DDA8FC2FFE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus minutiflorus Mull. Arg.	<div><p>12. Phyllanthus minutiflorus F.Muell. ex Müll.Arg. — Map 6</p><p>Phyllanthus minutiflorus F.Muell. ex Müll.Arg. (1865) 75 (non F.Muell. ex Tate, nom. illeg. = Synostemon trachyspermus (F.Muell.) I.Telford &amp; Pruesapan); Baill. (1865–1866) 341; Müll.Arg. (1866) 398; Benth. (1873) 112; Airy Shaw (1980) 190; J.T.Hunter &amp; J.J.Bruhl (1997) 158; R.L.Barrett &amp; I.Telford (2015) 158. — Diasperus minutiflorus (F.Muell. ex Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891) 600. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz.var. minutiflorus (F.Muell. ex Müll.Arg.) Domin (1927) 877. — Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst. var. minutiflorus (F.Muell. ex Müll.Arg.) Airy Shaw (1980) 190,pro syn. — Type: F.J.H. von Mueller s.n. (holo G-DC; iso? K), Australia, Northern Territory, Arnhem Land, Victoria River.</p><p>Phyllanthus minutiflorus F.Muell. ex Benth. var. gracillimus Benth. (1873) 112. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. gracillimus (F.Muell. ex Benth.) Domin (1927) 877. — Type: F.J.H. von Mueller s.n. (holo K), Australia, Queensland Moreton Bay .</p><p>Small erect herbs or shrubs, 8‒45 cm high, monoecious; branches glabrous, slender, brown or green, minutely ridged, distally flattened and winged; internodes 1‒5 mm long. Stipules triangular, c. 1 by 0.5 mm, base cordate, margin entire or erose, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole c. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic or ovate, 2‒14 by 1‒4 mm, 2‒5 times longer than wide, glabrous, dark green above, slightly lighter green underneath, base obtuse or rounded, margin not thickened, flat, apex rounded, obtuse or acute; midrib flat or slightly prominent above, prominent underneath, lateral veins not visible. Staminate flowers solitary or in pairs with also pistillate flowers, 0.7‒1.2 mm diam; pedicel 0.5‒0.8 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, elliptic, c. 0.4 by 0.2 mm, whitish, apex obtuse; disc glands 6, circular, c. 0.1 mm diam, flat; stamens 3, c. 0.2 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae ovoid, c. 0.15 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, rarely in pairs with staminate or pistillate flowers, 1‒1.2 mm diam; pedicel 0.5‒2 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, c. 0.5 by 0.3 mm, whitish, apex obtuse, rarely acute; disc annular, flat, slightly crispate, c. 0.4 mm diam; ovary sessile, globular, c. 0.5 mm diam, c. 0.4 mm high, glabrous or verrucate; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 0.4 mm long, bifid for 1/2 of the length, reflexed. Fruits oblate, often splitting into 3 small, blunt tipped valves, 1‒1.8 mm diam, c. 0.8 mm high, 6-grooved, of which 3 slightly deeper than the others, glabrous, green; pedicel 0.5‒2 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 0.5 mm long. Seeds c. 1 by 0.8 mm, minutely verrucate, light brown, verrucae circular, randomly placed.</p><p>Distribution — Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In (wet) woodlands and swamps. Altitude: 60‒ 825 m. Flowering and fruiting: February to August.</p><p>Note — Differing from P. virgatus by its slender branches, smaller pistillate flowers on shorter pedicels and smaller fruits and seeds.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476CC534AD32DDA8FC2FFE71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476CC533AE7DDF92FDF3FECA.text	03DA87F7476CC533AE7DDF92FDF3FECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus myrtifolius (Wight) Mull. Arg.	<div><p>13. Phyllanthus myrtifolius (Moon ex Wight) Müll.Arg. — Map 7</p><p>Phyllanthus myrtifolius (Moon ex Wight) Müll.Arg. (1863) 35; (1866) 396; Thwaites (1861) 283; Hook.f. (1887) 296; R. Ansari &amp; Jeeja (1993) 141; J. Florence (1997) 134;G.L.Webster (1997) 211; Chantar.(2005) 19;(2007) 493;N.P.Balakr.&amp; Chakrab.(2007) 379;Chakrab.&amp; N.P.Balakr.(2018) 304. — [ Phyllanthus myrtifolius Moon (1824) 65, nom nud.; Baill. (1858) 628 (see note 2).] — Macraea myrtifolia Moon ex Wight (1852) 27, pl. 1902-2; Baill. (1858) 628. — Diasperus myrtifolius (Moon ex Wight) Kuntze (1891) 600. — Lectotype (designated by Webster 1997): G. Gardner s.n. in GHK Thwaites C.P. 650 (K; iso G, PDA), Sri Lanka, Mawelly ganga.</p><p>Shrubs, 30‒200 cm high, monoecious; branches brown, glabrous, with ridged and fissured bark, distally scabrid and with 2 minute ridges; internodes 2‒7 mm long. Stipules ovate, 1‒2 by 0.8‒1 mm, base very narrow, hastate, margin entire, apex acute. Leaves: petiole c. 1 mm long, glabrous; blade obovate, 5‒25 by 1‒10 mm, to 2.5‒5.5 times longer than wide, glabrous, upper surface dark green, light green underneath, base very narrow, cordate-sagittate, margin not thickened, (slightly) revolute, apex obtuse or acute; midrib flat above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 4‒8 per side, flat above, prominent underneath. Staminate flowers solitary to 5 together, c. 2.5 mm diam; pedicel 5‒10 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, apex obtuse, green or (pinkish) red, often with white margins, in two whorls, outer ones ovate, c. 1.5 by 1 mm, inner ones elliptic, c. 1.5 by 0.5 mm; disc glands 6, ovoid, c. 0.3 by 0.2 mm, c. 0.1 mm high, foveolate; stamens 3, c. 0.5 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae ovoid, 0.2‒0.3 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary or in pairs, 2‒3 mm diam; pedicel 6‒10 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, apex obtuse, green or (pinkish) red, often with white margins, in two whorls, outer ones ovate, c. 1.5 by 1 mm, inner ones elliptic, c. 1.5 by 0.5 mm; disc hexagonal with the angles alternating with sepals, flat, c. 1 mm diam; ovary sessile, globular, c. 0.5 mm diam, c. 0.5 mm high, glabrous; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 0.5 mm long, bifid for 1/2 of the length, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, c. 3 mm diam, 3-grooved, splitting in three blunt tipped valves, glabrous; pedicel 8‒10 mm long, glabrous; columella not seen. Seeds c. 1.8 by 1.2 mm, smooth or minutely verrucate, chestnut-brown, verruculae rhomboid and stretched widthwise or circular and very small, placed in (indistinct) longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to Central and South Sri Lanka and cultivated in China, India, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan, and French Polynesia.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Common near or even in rivers and on river banks. On granite bedrock and soils with a high water table. Altitude: usually low, up to 900 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Uses — As an ornamental shrub of hedge, as a medicine for genitourinary infections (Quattrocchi 2016).</p><p>Vernacular names — Sri Lanka: Mousetail Plant, Myrtleleaved leaf-flower (Flowers of India, www.flowersofindia.net), China: Liu xian ye xia zhu (Quattrocchi 2016).</p><p>Notes — 1. Similar to P. samarensis, but distinguishable by its glabrous branches, slightly narrower leaves and very narrow cordate-sagittate leaf base.</p><p>2. Baillon (1858) treats Macraea myrtifolia as part of Phyllanthus, but does not make the combination, therefore, according to Art. 35.2 ICN (Turland et al. 2018) the combination Phyllanthus myrtifolius cannot be attributed to him.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476CC533AE7DDF92FDF3FECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476BC533AD32DF4CFB45FCD7.text	03DA87F7476BC533AD32DF4CFB45FCD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus pacificus Mull. Arg.	<div><p>14. Phyllanthus pacificus Müll.Arg. — Map 10</p><p>Phyllanthus pacificus Müll.Arg. (1863) 31; Drake (1892) 287; (1893) 180; F.Br. (1935) 137; J. Florence (1997) 129; W.L.Wagner &amp; Lorence (2011) 82. — Diasperus pacificus (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891) 600. — Phyllanthus pacificus Müll.Arg.var. typicus F.Br.(1935) 138, f. 21h, nom.inval. — Lectotype (designated by Florence 1997): E. Jardin 122 (P; iso G-DC), French Polynesia, Marquesas Isl., Noukahiva.</p><p>Phyllanthus pacificus Müll.Arg.var. uapensis F.Br.(1935) 138. — Type: E.H. Quayle #X (holo BISH (BISH1001662); iso BISH (BISH1001663)), French Polynesia, Uapou .</p><p>Phyllanthus pacificus Müll.Arg. var. uahukensis F.Br. (1935) 139; St. John (1976) 419. — Lectotype (designated by St. John 1976): E.P. Mumford &amp; A.M. Adamson 488 (BISH), French Polynesia, Uahuka.</p><p>Phyllanthus pacificus Müll.Arg. var. quaylei F.Br. (1935) 139. — Type: EH Quayle 1341 (holo BISH), French Polynesia, Nuku Hiva .</p><p>Shrubs, 0.5‒2 m high, dioecious, rarely monoecious; branches winged, wings 0.1–0.5 mm wide, dull-brown to red-brown, glabrous, persistent; internodes 5‒8 mm long. Stipules ovate-triangular, 0.8‒2 by 0.5‒1.5 mm, caducous, brown, base unilaterally auriculate (or at least more pronounced on side away from leaf), margin scarious, entire, centre slightly thicker, apex rounded. Leaves: petiole 0.5‒3 mm long, glabrous; blade oblong, ovate, elliptic to suborbicular, 9‒61 by 6‒19 mm, 1.1‒3.7 times longer than wide, subcoriaceous, base rounded to subcordate, cuneate to obtuse, margin not thickened, slightly revolute, apex obtuse to acute, apiculate, upper side dark green, lower side light-green, blade sometimes weathering red; midrib sunken above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 4‒9 per side, indistinct. Inflorescences sometimes on short brachyblasts. Staminate flowers up to 8 together, axillary, c. 1.2 mm diam; pedicel 1.5‒2 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 1.2‒1.5 by 1‒1.2 mm, greenish yellowish or white, midrib not prominent, apex rounded; disc glands 6, globose, 0.3‒0.5 mm diam, surface crenulate; stamens 3, 1‒1.2 mm long, filaments free, 0.7‒0.8 mm long, thecae globose, 0.2‒0.4 mm long. Pistillate flowers up to 4 together, axillary, 2‒3 mm diam when open; pedicel 3‒8 mm long, glabrous, pale to white; sepals elliptic-ovate, 1.2‒1.4 by c. 1.1 mm, green-white, midrib not prominent, apex obtuse; disc annular, slightly lobed, lobes alternating with sepals, c. 1.3‒1.5 mm diam, surface crenulate to grooved; ovary sessile, 3-locular, subglobose, c. 0.5 by 0.6‒1 mm, each locule with a longitudinal groove, glabrous to minutely tuberculate; style absent, stigmas 3, 0.5‒1.0 mm long, 2/3 to completely bifid, horizontal or appressed to ovary. Fruits capsular, subglobose, 2.8‒3 mm wide by c. 2 mm high, 6-grooved, glabrous, slightly tuberculate, pale to light-green; pedicel 3‒25 mm long, glabrous, yellowish green; columella</p><p>1.2‒1.4 mm long. Seeds trigonous, 1.5‒2 by 1.2 mm, verrucate, brown, verrucae circular, random or along longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — French Polynesia (Marquesas islands: Nuku Hiva, Ua Pou, Fatu Hiva, Hiva Oa, Tahuata).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Found in forested areas, along stream- sides or along windswept ridges of cliffs. Altitude: 25‒1200 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Vernacular names — Marquesas: nouhuu, tia tia; hue iki on Hiva Oa; hueiki, maoo on Nuku Hiva (Florence 1997).</p><p>Notes — 1. The placement in subg. Macraea was confirmed by palynological results of Punt (1980).</p><p>2. Closely resembles P. aoraiensis and P. urceolatus, but is mostly different in the size of the leaf blades and the size of the wings.</p><p>3. Florence (1997) combined the varieties created by Brown (1935) on the basis of intermediate forms and no real segre- gation between varieties, even on islands. We agree with this treatment as multiple leaf forms, small to large, can be found on the same island, often with intermediates. There is a slight trend of leaves becoming smaller towards the southern islands, but large forms can still be found there.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476BC533AD32DF4CFB45FCD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F7476BC531AE7DDD32FD69FDBA.text	03DA87F7476BC531AE7DDD32FD69FDBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus prominulatus J. T. Hunter & J. J. Bruhl	<div><p>15. Phyllanthus prominulatus J.T.Hunter &amp; J.J.Bruhl</p><p>Phyllanthus prominulatus J.T.Hunter &amp; J.J.Bruhl (1997) 153. — Type: GM Wightman 20 (holo DNA), Australia, Northern Territory, Kalpaga, [precise locality withheld].</p><p>Copied from Hunter &amp; Bruhl (1997): Monoecious herb. Branchlets persistent, angular to ellipsoid, slightly winged, 0.6–1.7 cm long, 0.3–0.6 mm wide, glabrous. Stipules persistent, free, 0.5–0.7 mm long, red-brown, ovate to triangular, chartaceous, entire, glabrous; base cordate to amplexicaul; apex acute to acuminate. Branch leaves normal. Branchlet leaves alternate, distichous, jointed, brown when dry or remaining green, symmetrical, plane to concave. Petiole 0.3–0.8 mm long, 0.1–0.4 mm wide, glabrous. Lamina 5–8.8 mm long, 2.4–4.8 mm wide, elliptic, circular to obovate, light-green, paler below, pinnately veined, adaxially prominently veined, abaxially prominulous, glabrous; base symmetrical, rounded to obtuse; apex erect, ecaudate, obtuse to rounded, mucronate; margins plane, thickened; midrib abaxially raised with 4–8 raised parallel lateral veins per side, with marginal loops. Bracts and bracte- oles deciduous, glabrous. Inflorescences at least sometimes bisexual with the sexes mixed, indeterminate, axillary, sessile. Male flowers solitary or sometimes clustered, 2–5 per cluster; pedicels 0.4–1.2 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, free, ascending to divergent, 0.3–0.7 mm long, 0.2–0.5 mm wide, the margins are sometimes lobed once on each side (hastate), white to yellow, elliptic, circular, to ovate, obtuse and acute, glabrous; disk comprising discrete lobes, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, lobes lenticular; stamens 2–3, 1-whorled, erect; filaments free to connate for about half their length, erect, terete, 0.1–0.3 mm long; anthers extrorse, divaricate, elliptic to circular, 0.1–0.2 mm long. Female flowers solitary or sometimes clustered, 1–2 per cluster; pedicels jointed, at anthesis 0.3–1.1 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, in fruit 1–2.7 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, glabrous; sepals free, 6, 0.3–0.5 mm long, 0.2–0.3 mm wide, elliptic to ovate, at anthesis ascending to divergent, in fruit divergent to reflexed, white, green to yellow, with a distinct white margin, obtuse to acute, glabrous; disk crenate, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, glabrous; styles 3, free, divided for half or more of their length, divergent to recurved, yellow to green, 0.2–0.3 mm long, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, narrow-terete, glabrous, branches linear; ovary 0.2–0.5 mm long, 0.3–0.7 mm wide, transversely ellipsoid and apically depressed, smooth, glabrous. Fruit a capsule, septicidal, transversely ellipsoid and apically depressed, 0.8–0.9 mm long, 1.5–1.8 mm wide, yellow-brown, red-brown to green, cartilaginous, smooth, glabrous, grooved septicidally; column persistent, angular-ovoid to ‘lanceolate’, 0.3–0.5 mm long. Seeds pallid-brown to red-brown, prismatic, laterally compressed, 0.6–0.7 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, granulate; hilum slightly depressed, circular to ovate, cavity more or less basal.</p><p>Distribution — Australia (Northern Territory and Kakadu National Park) (Hunter &amp; Bruhl 1997).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurs in damp parts of savannah woodlands and sedgelands.</p><p>Notes — 1. There was insufficient material available to make a description. See Hunter &amp; Bruhl (1997) for a comprehensive description of this species. Distribution and ecological data were taken from Hunter &amp; Bruhl (1997).</p><p>2. Distinguished from P. virgatus by its lateral veins, which are prominent above, while those of P. virgatus are flat above. The veins of both species are slightly prominent underneath.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F7476BC531AE7DDD32FD69FDBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74769C531AD32DCDCFB76FE28.text	03DA87F74769C531AD32DCDCFB76FE28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus ridsdalei R. W. Bouman & Verwijs 2019	<div><p>16. Phyllanthus ridsdalei R.W.Bouman &amp; Verwijs, sp. nov. — Fig. 1; Map 11</p><p>Resembling P. tenuipes by the presence of a gynophore, but differing in its larger leaves,larger staminate and pistillate sepals,pistillate annular disc (vs free disc glands in the pistillate flowers of P. tenuipes) and a longer gynophore and style.The stigmas in P. ridsdalei are also only bifid at the tip, while those in P. tenuipes are bifid for their entire length. — Type: CE Ridsdale 1479 (holo L (L.3958300); iso A, IBC, K), Philippines, Luzon, Zambales, Santa Cruz, Acoje mine concession area, c. N15°46.0' E120°00.0'.</p><p>Shrubs, c. 1 m high, monoecious; branches terete, glabrous, slightly winged, wing c. 0.1 mm wide; internodes 6‒7 mm long. Stipules ovate to elliptic to triangular, c. 1 by 0.3 mm, caducous, flat, membranous, base bilaterally auricled, margin brittle, thin, apex caudate. Leaves: petiole 0.8‒1.2 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic, 11‒22 by 6‒10 mm, 1.5‒3.1 times longer than wide, membranous, glabrous, base oblique, subcordate, attenuate to obtuse, margin slightly revolute, apex slightly retuse to acute, upper side darker than lower side; midrib slightly elevated on lower side, lateral veins 5‒9 per side, barely visible on upper side. Staminate flowers 1‒3 together, axillary, 1‒1.3 mm diam; pedicel 10‒15 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic to oblong, 1.5‒2 by 0.8‒1 mm, midrib slightly raised on inside of flower, apex curved inward, rounded to obtuse, green turning red; disc glands 6, ovate, 0.5‒0.6 by 0.1‒0.2 mm, c. 0.3 mm high, massive; stamens 3, c. 1.1 mm long, filaments variably connate from base to more than half of filament length, deflexed, 0.6‒0.7 mm long, thecae 0.3‒0.4 mm long. Pistillate flowers 1 or 2 together, 2.5‒3 mm diam; pedicel 9‒13 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, ovate, c. 3 by 1.5 mm, midrib slightly elevated on inside, apex acute; disc annular, fused with base of gynophore and forming a rim around the base just in front of sepals, rim lobed with lobes alternating with sepals, folded; gynophore 0.6‒0.8 mm high, ovary subglobose, 0.4‒5 by c. 0.6</p><p>mm, each locule with a groove, glabrous, smooth, blueish when dry; style 1.5‒1.6 mm long, stigmas 3, 1‒2 mm long, with tips bifid, 0.1‒0.2 mm long. Fruits and seeds not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Philippines (Luzon).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Secondary forests on ultrabasic soils. Flowering in May.</p><p>Note — Pollen studied by Wu et al. (2016) showed that this species is part of subg. Macraea, and it was previously filed under ‘ aff. samarensis ’. However, it differs markedly from P. samarensis by its larger pistillate flowers, the long gynophore and a long style below three elongated stigmas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74769C531AD32DCDCFB76FE28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74769C531AE7DDC6AFA38F8DC.text	03DA87F74769C531AE7DDC6AFA38F8DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus samarensis Mull. Arg.	<div><p>17. Phyllanthus samarensis Müll.Arg. — Map 5</p><p>Phyllanthus samarensis Müll.Arg. (1865) 73; (1866) 386; Fern.-Vill. (1880) 188;C.B.Rob. (1909) 79; Merr. (1923) 395; Airy Shaw (1983) 42;Y.J. Chen et al. (2009) 49. — Diasperus samarensis (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891) 600. — Type: Hb. Berol. (Herb.Berlin) s.n. (B, lost), Philippines,Samar. Neotype (designated here): BS (M. Ramos) 24460 (neo L; isoneo MO, P), Philippines, Samar, Catubig River.</p><p>Shrubs, 50‒200 cm high, monoecious; large branches glabrous, with smooth bark, smaller branches tomentellous, distally flattened; internodes 2‒5 mm long. Stipules triangular,1.5‒2 by c. 1 mm, base auriculate, margin entire, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole c. 1 mm long, mostly glabrous, distally tomentellous on the upper side, rarely entirely tomentellous; blade elliptic, 7‒24 by 4‒8 mm, 1.8‒3 times longer than wide, glabrous, upper surface green, slightly lighter green underneath, base obtuse, margin not thickened, revolute, apex retuse or obtuse, often mucronate; midrib prominent on both sides, lateral veins 8 or 9 on each side, slightly prominent on both sides. Staminate flowers 3‒7 together, 1.2‒2 mm diam; pedicel 2‒10 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, ovoid, c. 0.7 by 1 mm, green or white, apex obtuse; disc glands 6, oblate, c. 0.1 mm diam, c. 0.05 mm high; stamens 3, c. 0.3 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae ovoid, c. 0.1 mm long; for pollen see Wu et al. (2016). Pistillate flowers solitary or in pairs, c. 2.5 mm diam; pedicel 8‒10 mm long, glabrous, base subtomentellous, slen- der; sepals 6, elliptic, green or white, in two whorls, outer ones c. 1 by 0.7 mm, inner ones c. 1.2 by 0.8 mm, apex obtuse; disc annular, slightly crispate, c. 1.2 mm diam, flat; ovary sessile, globular, c. 0.8 mm diam, c. 0.8 mm high, tomentose; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 1 mm long, bifid for 2/3 of the length, robust, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 2.5‒3 mm diam, 6-grooved, bivalved, shortly tomentose; pedicel 8‒11 mm long, glabrous, base subtomentellous; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 1.2 by 1 mm, smooth or minutely verrucate along longitudinal lines, chestnut-brown, verrucae very small.</p><p>Distribution — Philippines (Samar, Cebu, Leyte).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Secondary and primary forests, kaigin fields. Brown clay (loam) soil, often over limestone. Altitude: 366‒650 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Vernacular name — Malaantagum (Samar-Leyte Bisáya; Merrill 1923).</p><p>Note — Similar to P. myrtifolius, but with densely tomentellous distal branches, slightly wider leaves and obtuse leaf base.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74769C531AE7DDC6AFA38F8DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74769C530AE7DD937FE17F95A.text	03DA87F74769C530AE7DD937FE17F95A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus tararae Verwijs	<div><p>18. Phyllanthus tararae Verwijs, stat. &amp; nom. nov. — Map 12</p><p>Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.var. hirtellus Airy Shaw (1980) 195 (non P.hirtellus F.Muell.ex Müll.Arg.). — Type: LJ Brass 8651 (holo K;iso L (L0016455)), Papua New Guinea, Western Division, Wassi Kussa River, Tarara .</p><p>Erect shrubs, c. 100 cm high; branches brown, densely whitish hirtellous, minutely ridged, distally slightly flattened and winged; internodes 1.1–2.8 mm long. Stipules triangular, 2‒2.5 by c. 1 mm, base cordate, margin entire or erose, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole c. 0.5 mm long, whitish hirtellous or glabrous; blade elliptic, 7‒14 by 2‒4 mm, 3.2‒4.7 times longer than wide, densely whitish hirtellous on both sides, dark green above, slightly lighter green underneath, base rounded, margin not thickened, slightly revolute, apex acute, mucronate; midrib flat or sunken above, prominent underneath, lateral veins not visible. Staminate flowers solitary or in pairs, 0.7‒1.2 mm diam; pedicel 4‒5 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, elliptic, c. 1 by 0.7 mm, apex obtuse; disc glands 6, circular, c. 0.3 mm diam, flat; stamens 3, c. 0.4 mm long, filaments free, slightly reflexed, thecae ovoid, c. 0.15 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, c. 3.5 mm diam; pedicel 2‒11 mm long, whitish hirtellous, rarely glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 0.8‒1.4 by 0.3‒0.5 mm, apex obtuse; disc annular, slightly crispate, c. 1 mm diam, flat; ovary sessile, globular, 0.8‒1.2 mm diam, 0.5‒0.8 mm high, whitish hirtellous or glabrous; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 0.8 mm long, bifid for 2/3 of the length, reflexed. Fruits oblate, c. 3 mm diam, c. 2 mm high, 6-grooved, whitish hirtellous or glabrous; pedicel 5‒11 mm long, densely whitish hirtellous, rarely glabrous; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 1.2 by 1 mm, minutely verrucate, chestnut-brown, verrucae circular, randomly placed or in indistinct longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western Province).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In grassland and savannah forests. Flowering and fruiting likely all year round.</p><p>Notes — 1. Can be distinguished from P. virgatus and P. chrysanthus var. chrysanthus by its densely hirtellous branches and leaves and from P. chrysanthus var. deverdensis and var. micrantheoides by its hirtellous leaves with acute apex. The leaves of P. tararae are larger than those of P. chrysanthus var. deverdensis and narrower than those of P. chrysanthus var. micrantheoides .</p><p>2. Only two specimens were seen, both from Papua New Guinea. No other comparable specimens with similar leaves and pubescence were found .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74769C530AE7DD937FE17F95A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74768C530AD32D8BFFAA5FB95.text	03DA87F74768C530AD32D8BFFAA5FB95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus tenuipes C. B. Rob.	<div><p>19. Phyllanthus tenuipes C.B.Rob. — Map 11</p><p>Phyllanthus tenuipes C.B.Rob. (1909) 78; Merr. (1923) 396. — Lectotype (designated here): E. D. Merrill 4419 (K; iso NY, US), Philippines, Luzon, Benguet.</p><p>Shrubs to trees,up to 15 m high, monoecious, dbh at least 15 cm; branches terete, slightly winged, wings c. 0.1 mm wide, branches covered with short stiff brown hairs; internodes 2‒4 mm long. Outer bark brown, inner bark reddish, sometimes with yellow sap. Stipules ovate to triangular, c. 1.2 by 0.5‒0.6 mm, caducous or persistent, membranous, base bilaterally auriculate, margin brittle, thin, entire, apex acute. Leaves: petiole 0.4‒0.8 mm long, puberulous; blade elliptic to ovate, orbicular in earliest leaves on side branches, 5‒14 by 2.5‒10 mm, 1.1‒2.4 times longer than wide, membranous, glabrous, base truncate to rounded to obtuse, sometimes subcordate, margin slightly revolute, apex rounded to obtuse to acute, mucronate, upper side lighter than lower side; midrib barely elevated on lower side, lateral veins 5‒7 per side. Staminate flowers solitary, 0.6‒0.8 mm diam; pedicel 2‒24 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, oblong, 1‒1.1 by c. 0.5 mm, reddish with white margin, midrib not elevated, apex rounded; disc glands 6, ovate, 0.3‒0.4 mm long, c. 0.2 mm high and wide, smooth; stamens 3, c. 0.5 mm long, filaments free, deflexed to horizontal position, thecae globose, c. 0.2 mm long, rounded. Pistillate flowers solitary or in pairs, axillary, 1.2‒1.5 mm diam; pedicel c. 18 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, oblong to ovate, 1.3‒1.8 by 1‒1.1 mm, apex rounded or slightly obtuse; disc glands 6, circular, c. 0.3 mm diam by c. 0.1 mm high, crumpled; ovary on short gynophore of c. 0.1 mm, subglobose, 6-grooved, glabrous, smooth; style 0.3‒0.6 mm long, stigmas 3, 0.2‒0.5 mm long, completely bifid. Fruits depressed globose, 1.5‒2.5 mm diam, c. 1.5 mm high, 6-grooved, brown, glabrous, smooth; pedicel 15‒21 mm long; columella without gynophore c. 0.9 mm long, width c. 1.5 mm. Seeds trigonous, 1.1‒1.2 by c. 1 mm, brown, minutely verrucate along longitudinal lines.</p><p>Distribution — Philippines (Luzon (Benguet), Daklan to Kabayan, Itogon to Dilopirop).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In primary or secondary forests along cliffs or roadsides, sometimes on ultrabasic soils. Altitude: 50‒1500 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Note — Described by Robinson (1909) as an undershrub of 30 cm high, but other specimens are shrubs of 1.5 m to trees of 15 m. Two main forms can be distinguished. The original, as described by Robinson, and a tree form with yellow sap and diamond-shaped leaves (CE Ridsdale ISU 276) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74768C530AD32D8BFFAA5FB95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74768C52FAE7DDA0DFD7EFEF8.text	03DA87F74768C52FAE7DDA0DFD7EFEF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus urceolatus Baill.	<div><p>20. Phyllanthus urceolatus Baill. — Map 2</p><p>Phyllanthus urceolatus Baill. (1862a) 239 (non Noronha 1790, nom. nud.); Müll.Arg. (1866) 386;Drake (1893) 180; Guillaumin (1948) 176; M. Schmid (1991) 44; J. Florence (1997) 129. — Diasperus urceolatus (Baill.) Kuntze (1891) 601. — Phyllanthus pinaiensis S.L.Welsh (1998) 112; W.L.Wagner &amp; Lorence (2011) 83, nom. superfl. — Lectotype (designated here): E. Vieillard 336 (P (P00066432); iso P (P00066433)), French Polynesia, Port de France.</p><p>Shrubs, 40‒150 cm high,monoecious;branches dark brown,glabrous, distally slightly flattened, not winged or ridged, sometimes green; internodes 3‒15 mm long. Stipules ovate, c. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, base cordate, margin entire or (extremely) erose, apex acute. Leaves: petiole 1‒4 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic or ovate, 22‒85 by 10‒40 mm, 1.4‒3.6 times longer than wide, glabrous, green, base cuneate or attenuate, rarely rounded, margin not thickened, flat, apex narrow and obtuse, rarely rounded, minutely mucronate; midrib prominent on both sides, lateral veins 10‒18 per side, prominent on both sides. Staminate flowers solitary to 3 together, c. 1.5 mm diam; pedicel c. 6 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 0.6‒0.8 by c. 0.6 mm, greenish, reddish, red or purple, apex obtuse; disc glands 6, circular, flat, c. 0.3 mm diam; stamens 3, c. 0.6 mm long, robust, filaments free, reflexed, thecae globular, c. 0.1 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, c. 3 mm diam; pedicel 10‒30 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 1‒1.2 by c. 0.8 mm, greenish, apex obtuse, red or purple; disc annular, flat, c. 1 mm diam; ovary sessile, globular, c. 1 mm diam, c. 0.8 mm high, glabrous; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 0.9 mm long, bifid for 3/4 of the length, slender, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 2.5‒4 mm diam, 6-grooved, glabrous, green or red; pedicel 10‒30 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 1.5 mm long. Seeds c. 2.5 by 1.5 mm, (light) brown, minutely verrucate, verrucae circular, randomly placed or longitudinally linear.</p><p>Distribution — French Polynesia (Tahiti, Moorea, Ra’iātea).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In (mesophilic) forest, on crests and slopes. Altitude: 224‒830 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Vernacular name — Tahiti: E vou (M.J. Lepiné s.n.).</p><p>Note — Recognizable by its large leaves with long pedicels.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74768C52FAE7DDA0DFD7EFEF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74777C52FAD32DF19FB65FE28.text	03DA87F74777C52FAD32DF19FB65FE28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus ussuriensis Rupr. & Maxim.	<div><p>21. Phyllanthus ussuriensis Rupr. &amp; Maxim. — Map 13</p><p>Phyllanthus ussuriensis Rupr. &amp; Maxim. (1857) 222; P.T.Li &amp; M.G.Gilbert (2008) 182. — Phyllanthus anceps Benth. (1861) 311, nom. illeg., non Phyllanthus anceps Vahl; F.B.Forbes &amp; Hemsl. (1894) 420. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. ussuriensis (Rupr. &amp; Maxim.) Müll.Arg. (1863) 33; (1866) 392. — Phyllanthus wilfordii Croizat &amp; F.P.Metcalf (1942) 194, nom. superfl. — Type: C.J. Maximowicz s.n. (holo probably LE; iso K, M, NY), Russia, Ussuri.</p><p>Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. chinensis Müll.Arg.(1863) 33; (1866) 391. — Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.var. chinensis (Müll.Arg.) G.L.Webster (1971) 68. — Syntypes: Park 57 (G-DC), China, Canton; Hance 1223 (B, presum- ably lost), China, Hongkong ; C. Wilford 66 (A), China, Hongkong .</p><p>Phyllanthus matsumurae Hayata ex Y.Yabe (1904) 12. — Type: Not designated.</p><p>Erect herbs, 10‒45 cm high, monoecious; branches brown, glabrous, minutely ridged, distally flattened and winged; internodes 3‒13 mm long. Stipules triangular, 1‒1.2 by 0.5‒0.8 mm, base cordate, margin entire or serrate, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole c. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic, 4‒25 by 1.5‒8 mm, 2.4‒5 times longer than wide, glabrous, green, base obtuse, rounded or minutely cordate, sometimes slightly asymmetrical, margin not thickened, slightly revolute, apex obtuse or acute, rarely rounded; midrib prominent on both sides, lateral veins 4‒9 per side, prominent on both sides. Staminate flowers solitary to 3 together, 0.8‒1 mm diam; pedicel c. 1 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 4 or 6, ovate or oblong, c. 0.4 by 0.2 mm, apex rounded; disc glands 4 or 6, cupuliform, c. 0.1 mm diam, c. 0.1 mm high; stamens 2 or 3 (often on the same plant), c. 0.4 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae ovoid, c. 0.2 mm long. Pistillate flowers with 1 or 2 staminate flowers, rarely solitary, c. 1 mm diam; pedicel c. 1 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, ovate, 0.3‒0.8 by c. 0.2 mm, apex rounded; disc glands 6, alternate, protruding from between the sepals, ovate or oblong, 0.15‒0.2 by c. 0.1 mm, flat; ovary sessile, globular, c. 0.8 mm diam, c. 0.5 mm high, glabrous or verrucate; style very short, stigmas 3, c. 0.3 mm long, bifid for 1/2 of the length, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 2‒2.5 mm diam, 6-grooved, sometimes bivalved, glabrous or verrucate; pedicel 2‒3.5 mm long, glabrous; stigmas, sepals and disc glands persistent; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 1 by 1 mm, smooth or minutely verrucate, dark or chestnut-brown, verrucae small, very prominent and randomly placed.</p><p>Distribution — Southeast Russia, China, Japan.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Near rivers and ponds, in moist places under woods. Altitude: 45‒630 m. Flowering: June to October.</p><p>Uses — All parts are used as an astringent or antidiarrheal (Li &amp; Gilbert 2008, Quattrochi 2016).</p><p>Vernacular names — China: Mi gan cao (), Sweet orange grass (Chinese, mandarin, Li &amp; Gilbert 2008).</p><p>Note — This is the only species in subgen. Macraea with staminate flowers with 4 sepals, 2 stamens and 4 disc glands, though staminate flowers with 6 sepals, 3 stamens and 6 disc glands also occur, often on the same plant. The 6 disc glands of the pistillate flowers, while not a unique character, distinguish this species from the vegetatively very similar P. virgatus, which has an annular disc in its pistillate flowers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74777C52FAD32DF19FB65FE28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74777C52EAE7DDC69FA38FB16.text	03DA87F74777C52EAE7DDC69FA38FB16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forst.	<div><p>22. Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst. — Map 14</p><p>Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.(1786) 65;Hook.&amp; Arn.(1826) 69;G.L.Webster &amp; Airy Shaw (1971) 86; Airy Shaw (1975) 186; (1980) 194; Punt (1980) 163; A.C.Sm.(1981) 464; G.L.Webster (1986) 94;Lobr.-Callen et al.(1988) 294; J.T.Hunter &amp; J.J.Bruhl (1997) 157; M. Schmid (1991) 44; Chantar. (2007) 504;P.T.Li &amp; M.G.Gilbert (2008) 181; Y.J. Chen et al. (2009) 49;R.L.Barrett &amp; I.Telford (2015) 158. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. virgatus (G.Forst.) Müll.Arg. (1863) 32; (1866) 392. — Diasperus virgatus (G.Forst.) Kuntze (1891) 597. — Lectotype (designated by Smith 1981): Banks &amp; Solander s.n. (holo BM), Tahiti.</p><p>Phyllanthus simplex Retz. (1789) 29; Thwaites (1861) 282; Baill. (1862a) 237;Müll.Arg. (1863) 32;(1866) 391;Laness.(1866) 611;Miq. (1867) 127; Benth. (1873) 111; Hook.f. (1887) 295; Drake (1893) 181; F.B.Forbes &amp; Hemsl. (1889–1902) 423; C.B.Rob. (1909) 81; Merr. (1923) 395; Domin (1927) 876; Guillaumin (1948) 177; J.T.Hunter &amp; J.J.Bruhl (1997) 157; G.L.Webster (1997) 213; W.J. Kress et al. (2003) 234; N.P.Balakr. &amp; Chakrab. (2007) 38; Chakrab. &amp; N.P.Balakr. (2018) 307. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz.var. genuinus Müll.Arg.(1866) 391,nom.inval.; Domin (1927) 877. — Type: Koenig s.n. (holo C), India, Tranqebar.</p><p>Phyllanthus anceps Vahl (1791) 95. — Melanthesa anceps (Vahl) Miq. (1859) 371. — Type: Unknown collector s.n. (holo C).</p><p>Phyllanthus pedunculatus Kostel. (1836) 1769. — Phyllanthus depressus Buch.-Ham.ex Dillwyn (1839) 51, nom.illeg.,nom.superfl.;Müll.Arg.(1866) 432. — Diasperus pedunculatus (Kostel.) Kuntze (1891) 597. — Diasperus depressus Kuntze (1891) 599, nom. Illeg., nom. superfl. — Type: Rheede, Horti Malab. 10 (1690) t. 27.</p><p>( Phyllanthus fruticosus B.Heyne ex Benth. in Wall., Numer. List (1847) 237 (nr. 7899A), nom. nud.)</p><p>( Phyllanthus marginatus B.Heyne ex Benth. in Wall., Numer. List (1847) 237 (nr. 7899A), nom. nud.)</p><p>Macraea oblongifolia Wight (1852) 27, pl. 1902-1. — Lectotype (designated by G.L. Webster in Dassan. &amp; Clayton 1997): Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5 (1852) pl. 1902-1.</p><p>Macraea ovalifolia Wight (1852) 27, pl. 1902-4. — Lectotype (designated here): Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5 (1852) pl. 1902-4.</p><p>Melanthesa rupestris Miq. (1859) 371. — Type: Zollinger s.n. (holo U (U0002059); iso P, PC), Indonesia, Flores.</p><p>Phyllanthus pratensis Pancher ex Baill. (1862a) 237. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. pratensis (Pancher ex Baill.) Müll.Arg. (1863) 33; (1866) 392. — Type: E. Vieillard 1197, 1855 (holo P (P00066448); iso G-DC (G00318230), P (P00066449, P00066450, P00066451)), New Caledonia, Saint-Vincent .</p><p>Phyllanthus conterminus Müll.Arg. (1863) 32; (1866) 389. — Diasperus conterminus (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891) 599. — Type: Hogdson 215 (holo G-DC (G00325912)), Australia.</p><p>Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. myriocladus Müll.Arg. (1863) 33; (1866) 392. — Type: E. Vieillard 1199 (holo G-DC (G00318219); iso P (P00066447)), New Caledonia, Fort de France.</p><p>Phyllanthus beckleri Müll.Arg. (1865) 74; Baill. (1865–1866) 341; (1866) 390; J. T. Hunter &amp; J. J. Bruhl (1997) 157. — Diasperus beckleri (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze (1891) 598. — Type : H. Beckler 668 (holo G-DC (G00319824)), Australia, Clarence river .</p><p>Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. brevipes Müll.Arg. (1866) 392. — Type: E. Viellard s.n. (holo G-DC; iso? P (P00066452, P00066453)), New Caledonia, Wagap .</p><p>Phyllanthus filicaulis Benth.(1873) 111;J.T.Hunter &amp; J.J.Bruhl (1997) 157. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz.var. filicaulis (Benth.) Domin (1927) 876. — Type: C. Stuart s.n. (holo K), Australia, New South Wales, New England.</p><p>Phyllanthus simplex Retz.var. leiospermus Benth.(1873) 111. — Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. genuinus subvar. leiospermus (Benth.) Domin (1927) 876, nom. inval. — Type: T.L. Mitchell 66 (holo K), Australia, Narren river.</p><p>Phyllanthus trachygyne Benth. (1873) 103; J.T.Hunter &amp; J.J.Bruhl (1997) 157. — Lectotype (designated by Hunter &amp; Bruhl 1997): M. Schultz 668 (K), Australia, Northern Territory, Port Darwin.</p><p>Phyllanthus weinlandii K.Schum. in K. Schum. &amp; Lauterb. (1905) 287. — Syn- types: K. Weinland 241 (BRI, K, M), Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province, Finschhafen; K. Weinland 389a (n.v.), Papua New Guinea, Matatakum .</p><p>Phyllanthus eboracensis S. Moore (1920) 216; J. T. Hunter &amp; J. J. Bruhl (1997) 158. — Type : E. Dämel s.n. (holo BM,not seen;iso K), Australia, Cape York .</p><p>Phyllanthus narayanswamii Gamble (1925a) 329; (1925b) 902; N.P.Balakr. &amp; Chakrab. (2007) 381; Chakrab. &amp; N.P.Balakr. (2018) 349. — Lectotype (designated by Chakrabarty &amp; Balakrishnan 2018): V. Narayanswami 640 (K; iso CAL,not seen), India,Dummakouda,Rampa hills,Godawari district.</p><p>Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. myrtifolius Domin (1927) 876; J. T. Hunter &amp; J. J.Bruhl (1997) 158. — Type: Domin s.n. (n.v.), Australia, North East Queensland .</p><p>Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. pinifolius Domin (1927) 877; J. T. Hunter &amp; J. J.Bruhl (1997) 158. — Type: Domin s.n. (n.v.), Australia, Queensland .</p><p>Usually erect, rarely sprawling shrubs or herbs, 30‒100 cm high, monoecious; branches brown or purplish, minutely ridged, glabrous, distally brown or sage-green, flattened and winged; internodes 1‒ 5 mm long. Stipules triangular, 1‒2.5 by 0.5‒1 mm, base cordate, margin entire or erose, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole 0.5 ‒1 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic or ovate, rarely suborbicular or obovate, 3 ‒ 40 by 1‒ 6 mm, (1‒)2.5‒ 5(‒ 6.7) times longer than wide, glabrous, dark green above, lighter green underneath, base rounded, margin not thickened, (slightly) revolute, rarely flat, apex acute, obtuse or rounded, often minutely mucronate; midrib flat above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 5 ‒8 per side, flat above, slightly prominent underneath. Staminate flowers solitary or in pairs with sometimes a pistillate flower, 0.8 ‒1.7 mm diam; pedicel 0.2 ‒ 5 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, elliptic, 0.5 ‒1 by 0.2‒ 0.5 mm, red to purple to green to yellow to white, apex obtuse; disc glands 6, circular, c. 0.2 mm diam; stamens 3, c. 0.4 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae ovoid, c. 0.2 mm long; for pollen see Punt (1980) and Wu et al. (2016). Pistillate flowers solitary, rarely in pairs, with sometimes a staminate flowers, 1.5 ‒ 2.6 mm diam; pedicel 3 ‒9 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, 0.8 ‒1.2 by 0.3 ‒0.5 mm, red to purple to green to yellow to white, apex obtuse, rarely acute; disc annular, slightly crispate, flat, c. 0.9 mm diam; ovary sessile, globular, c. 0.8 mm diam, c. 0.5 mm high, glabrous or verrucate; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 0.6 mm long, bifid for half of the length, reflexed. Fruits oblate or subglobular, often bivalved, 2 ‒ 3.5 by 1.5 ‒ 2 mm, 6-grooved, of which often 3 slightly deeper, greenish, glabrous or verrucate; pedicel 4 ‒9 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds 1.2 ‒1.8 by 1‒1.4 mm, minutely verrucate, rarely smooth, light brown, verrucae circular, randomly placed or longitudinally linear.</p><p>Distribution — Widespread, possibly introduced in multiple locations, occurring in most of southern Asia, ranging from Pakistan to Australia and the Pacific islands up to Hawai’i.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in grassland, forests, swamps or cultivated fields, both in wet and dry soils. Often in disturbed, grazed or fire-damaged areas. Altitude: 0‒1850 m. Flowering and fruiting all year round.</p><p>Uses — Used as an antiseptic, against intestinal parasites, eye diseases, cold, fever, diarrhoea, dysentery, itch, gonorrhoea and (mammary) abscesses (Smith 1981, Quattrocchi 2016).</p><p>Vernacular name(s) — China: Huang zhu xi cao (Quattrocchi 2016). India: seed under leaf, virgate leaf-flower, banaunri, bhui- avali, bhiuavate, bhui-amla, biradi pello, bon baberi, jar amla, kaadu nelli, kadunelli, motibhuiavali, niruri, tanda meral, uchchi usirika, uchhiyusirka (www.flowersofindia.net; Quattrocchi 2016). Myanmar: shit-sha (Kress et al. 2003). Thailand: khaang amphai, luuk tai bai, phaeng kham hoi (Quattrocchi 2016). Laos: ket ‘hoy, ‘khi doy (Quattrocchi 2016). Vietnam: v[aar]y [oos]e (Quattrocchi 2016). Indonesia: sahakèpo, sakahepo (Heyne 1950, Quattrocchi 2016). Philippines: kaya-an, kayut-búlan, kayut-bulang (Merrill 1923, Quattrocchi 2016). Tahiti: tei ni niu (Smith 1981).</p><p>Notes — 1. According to Hunter &amp; Bruhl (1997) the distinguishing character between P. exilis and P. virgatus is that the ovary of P. exilis is verrucate, and smooth in P. virgatus . However, smooth and verrucate ovaries occur in P. virgatus in areas outside Australia. See note under P. exilis for differences with P. virgatus . Additional distinguishing characters are the shape and size of the leaf blade, which is usually narrower and smaller in P. exilis and the diameter of the staminate flowers, which is also usually smaller in P. exilis than in P. virgatus .</p><p>2. Phyllanthus narayanswamii Gamble is here combined with P. virgatus . The differences described by previous authors to distinguish it from P. virgatus were a thickened revolute margin and subsessile staminate flowers. However, the margin differences are minimal and subsessile flowers can also be found in P. virgatus . The nervature of the leaves on the type of P. narayanswamii differs a little bit from other specimens of P. virgatus in the prominent nervature on the lower side of the leaf blade.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74777C52EAE7DDC69FA38FB16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74776C52DAE7DDB73FD50FD5A.text	03DA87F74776C52DAE7DDB73FD50FD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus wheeleri G. L. Webster	<div><p>23. Phyllanthus wheeleri G.L.Webster — Map 7</p><p>Phyllanthus wheeleri G.L.Webster (1995) 266; (1997) 215; Chakrab. &amp; N.P.Balakr. (2018) 309. — Type: LC Wheeler 12437 (holo DAV; iso PDA, US), Sri Lanka, Central Province, Dambulla Rock .</p><p>Phyllanthus gardnerianus (Wight) Baill.var. pubescens Thwaites (1861) 282 (‘ gardneri’). — Phyllanthus simplex Retz. var. gardnerianus f. pubescens (Thwaites) Müll.Arg. (1863) 33. — Lectotype: (designated by Webster 1995): Thwaites C.P. 178 (K; iso PDA), Sri Lanka, Galagama.</p><p>Small shrubs, monoecious; branches brown, glabrous or hirsute, ridged, distally brown or sage-green, slightly flattened and with 2 larger ridges; internodes 2 ‒5 mm long. Stipules triangular, 1‒1.5 by 0.4 ‒ 0.8 mm, base rounded, margin entire or erose, apex attenuate. Leaves: petiole c. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; blade elliptic or obovate, 5 ‒13.5 by 2 ‒7 mm, 1.8‒ 2.4 times longer than wide, green, base asymmetric, obtuse, margin not thickened, slightly revolute, apex obtuse or rounded, younger leaves usually hirsute on both sides, older leaves often glabrous; midrib flat above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 5 ‒7 per side, slightly prominent on both sides. Staminate flowers solitary or in pairs, c. 1 mm diam; pedicel 2 ‒2.5 mm long, glabrous, slender; sepals 6, elliptic, c. 1 by 0.5 mm, apex obtuse; disc glands 6, circular, c. 0.2 mm diam, flat; stamens 3, c. 0.6 mm long, filaments free, reflexed, thecae ovoid, c. 0.2 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary or in pairs, c. 1 mm diam; pedicel 2.5 ‒ 4 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, ovate, c. 1 by 0.2 mm, apex acute; disc glands 6, sometimes sticking out between the sepals, cuneiform or obcordate, 0.2 ‒0.5 by 0.2 ‒0.3 mm, flat; ovary sessile, globular, c. 0.7 mm diam, c. 0.7 mm high, densely hirsute; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 0.5 mm long, bifid for 3/4 of the length, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 2 ‒ 2.5 mm diam, 6-grooved, hirsute, rarely glabrous; pedicel 3‒ 4 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 1‒1.2 by 0.8 ‒1 mm, smooth or verrucate, light brown, verrucae circular, in (indistinct) linear lines.</p><p>Distribution — Sri Lanka.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — On shady and semi-shady red clay and sandy soils, often on road banks. Altitude: c. 230 m. Flowering and fruiting: October till May, possibly all year round.</p><p>Note — This species can be distinguished from other species of subg. Macraea by the segmented pistillate flower disc. There are a few other species with a segmented pistillate disc: Phyllanthus dumosus has smaller orbicular leaves and the ovary is glabrous; P. tenuipes has the ovary on a gynophore and a style; P. ussuriensis has minute disc glands and glabrous, elliptic leaves; and P. womersleyi can be distinguished by its (sub)orbicular leaves, prostrate habit and connate stamens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74776C52DAE7DDB73FD50FD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
03DA87F74775C52DAD32DCA2FB7AFDCF.text	03DA87F74775C52DAD32DCA2FB7AFDCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllanthus womersleyi Airy Shaw & G. L. Webster	<div><p>24. Phyllanthus womersleyi Airy Shaw &amp; G.L.Webster — Map 12</p><p>Phyllanthus womersleyi Airy Shaw &amp; G.L.Webster in G.L.Webster &amp; Airy Shaw (1971) 86; Airy Shaw (1980) 196; Punt (1980) 163. — Type: NGF (J.S. Womersley) 11311 (holo K; iso A, BISH, BRI, CANB, L (L0016456)), Papua New Guinea, Western Highlands, Wabag Sub-district, Merimanta, Porget logging area.</p><p>Prostrate herbs or subshrubs, sometimes erect, then up to 150 cm high, monoecious; branches brown, red or purple, glabrous, with 2 minute ridges, often partly without leaves, but with persistent stipules; internodes 0.5‒4 mm long; aerial roots occasionally present on nodes when prostrate, up to 0.5 mm thick. Stipules irregularly orbicular, 1‒1.8 mm diam, base rounded, margin erose, sometimes entire or spinose, apex rounded. Leaves: petiole c. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; blade (sub)orbicular, rarely ovate, 2‒4 mm diam, about equally long as wide, glabrous, grey-green when dry, sometimes with red hue, base rounded or obtuse, margin not thickened, flat, apex rounded, rarely obtuse; midrib sunken above, prominent underneath, lateral veins 4 or 5, barely visible. Staminate flowers solitary, 2.5‒3 mm diam; pedicel c. 3 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, apex rounded, red, in two whorls, outer ones c. 1.2 by 0.8 mm, inner ones c. 1 by 0.6 mm; disc glands 6, oblate, c. 0.5 mm diam, c. 0.1 mm high, foveolate; stamens 3, c. 0.9 mm long, filaments connate at base, reflexed, robust, thecae subglobular, c. 0.2 mm long, bright yellow. Pistillate flowers solitary, 2.5‒3 mm diam; pedicel 3‒4 mm long, glabrous; sepals 6, elliptic, c. 1.2 by 0.8 mm, red, apex rounded or obtuse; disc glands 6, oblate, c. 0.5 mm diam, c. 0.1 mm high, foveolate, flat, in fruit merging and flattened, then minutely foveolate; ovary sessile, ovoid, c. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, verrucose; style absent, stigmas 3, c. 1 mm long, thin, bifid for 1/2 of the length, reflexed. Fruits subglobular, 2‒2.5 mm diam, 6-grooved, red or purple, basally glabrous, apically verrucose or lepidote; pedicel 3‒5 mm long, glabrous; columella c. 1 mm long. Seeds c. 1.5 by 0.6 mm, smooth, chestnut-brown.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Southern and Western Highlands).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In forests, grassland, on exposed or open patches, amongst pit-pit ( Saccharum edule Hassk., Poaceae), or in ground cover beneath Rhododendron and fern species. Common on drier ground, but also found on a saturated swampy lake-margin. Altitude: 2250‒3270 m. Flowering and fruiting: April to December.</p><p>Uses — Eaten by pregnant women, who hope to have a son, especially if they only had daughters so far (Bowers 59).</p><p>Vernacular names — Nom, Noma (Tomba), Nohm (Enga, Poio dialect), Num (Enga, Kepilaum dialect), Nomə k’omə (Medlpa, Kaugel dialect; partly after Webster &amp; Airy Shaw (1971)).</p><p>Notes — 1. Phyllanthus womersleyi is the only species in Macraea with fully connate filaments, which, together with its small orbicular leaves and general prostrate habit, makes it easily distinguishable from related species. The filaments in P. ridsdalei are often variably connate and may appear similar, but the pistillate flowers (with excerted style) in that species are quite distinctive. They also do not overlap in distribution.</p><p>2. Placement in subg. Macraea was also confirmed by palynological studies by Punt (1980) and Wu et al. (2016), which found clypeate pollen typicial for the group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87F74775C52DAD32DCA2FB7AFDCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Verwijs, J. I. M.;Bouman, R. W.;Welzen, P. C. van	Verwijs, J. I. M., Bouman, R. W., Welzen, P. C. van (2019): A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus subgenus Macraea (Phyllanthaceae). Blumea 64 (3): 231-252, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2019.64.03.05
