taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E318798C7B097FEFBFFD56FD5A08B8.taxon	description	Description Thalli rose-pink to red in color, bushy and fan-shaped, globose when submerged, erect, 3 – 8 cm high and wide, pseudo-dichotomously branched, corticated only at the nodes (Figure 1); apices slightly incurved (Figure 2); the periaxial cells are five in number and the cortical bands consist of two to three layers of small cortical cells; cystocarps 300 µm in diameter, axial or lateral, and are naked or surrounded by two involucral branches (Figure 3); tetrasporangia 30 – 40 µm in diameter, arising adaxially from periaxial cells, strongly emergent (Figures 4 and 5); antheridia not observed. Female gametophytes mixed-phase containing cystocarps with tetrasporangia occurring on lower parts of the same thallus.	en	Hughey, Jeffery R., Boo, Ga Hun (2016): Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of Ceramium cimbricum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans supports the naming of a new invasive Pacific entity Ceramium sungminbooi sp. nov. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 59 (4): 211-222, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2016-0036, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2016-0036
03E318798C7B097FEFBFFD56FD5A08B8.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species epithet honors Professor Sung Min Boo, a student of Ceramium throughout his career, a dedicated teacher and mentor, and lifelong learner of the algae.	en	Hughey, Jeffery R., Boo, Ga Hun (2016): Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of Ceramium cimbricum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans supports the naming of a new invasive Pacific entity Ceramium sungminbooi sp. nov. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 59 (4): 211-222, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2016-0036, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2016-0036
03E318798C7B097FEFBFFD56FD5A08B8.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype S. M. Boo, G. Y. Cho et E. C. Yang s. n., CNU 065811 in CNUK, 28. ii. 2002, attached to pebbles on the mudflat at Hoedong, Jindo, Korea, 34 ° 25 ′ 20.6 ″ N, 126 ° 20 ′ 50.5 ″ E, tetrasporophyte (Figure 1); isotypes: CNU 065809, CNU 065810. Representative specimens Heukeodo, Seosan, Korea, 24. viii. 2006 (CNU 036904 - CNU 036905); Hoedong, Jindo, Korea, 28. ii. 2002 (CNU 034423, CNU 065806 - CNU 065808, CNU 065812); Jangpyeongri, Tongyeong, Korea, 5. ii. 2015 (CNU 066082); Sausalito, San Francisco Bay, California, USA, 27. xi. 2014 (UC 2050596), 23. xii. 2014 (UC 2050597), and 28. iii. 2015 (UC 2050598). Representative organellar genomes Mitochondrial – KU 145004, KU 145005 and plastid – KR 814486 and KR 025491. Additional illustrations Cho et al. (2002), figures 35 – 56; Kim (2012), figures 33 – 38. Molecular analysis ML and BI phylogenetic analyses using rbc L sequences from Ceramium including the complete sequence from the lectotype specimen of Ceramium cimbricum from Egerslev RØn, Limfjorden, Denmark, Ceramium sungminbooi from Hirsholmene, Denmark, C. sungminbooi from Oslofjord, Norway, and 10 specimens of C. sungminbooi from the north Pacific, generated congruent evolutionary hypotheses (Figure 6, only ML shown here). Ceramium cimbricum formed a moderately supported clade with the Atlantic species (68 % bootstrap / 0.92 BPP). Ceramium sungminbooi was situated in a strongly supported clade with Ceramium boydenii E. S. Gepp, Ceramium californicum J. Agardh, Ceramium gardneri Kylin, Ceramium sp. from Alaska, and four species of Campylaephora J. Agardh (96 % bootstrap / 1.0 BPP). Intraspecific sequence variation in C. sungminbooi ranged from 0 to 1 bp for the rbc L sequences. The two specimens of C. sungminbooi from Seosan, Korea differed by 1 bp from the specimens from Denmark, Norway, California, Oregon, and the other collections in Korea. The partial rbc L and rbc L- rbc S intergenic spacer sequence (GenBank AY 255473) of C. “ cimbricum ” from Akershus, Snaroya, Norway (Skage et al. 2005) was identical to C. sungminbooi from California and Denmark. Interspecific sequence variation for this clade found that C. sungminbooi differed by 2.4 – 2.5 % from C. californicum, 3.2 – 3.3 % from C. boydenii, 4.8 – 4.9 % from Ceramium sp. from Alaska, and 6.3 – 6.4 % from C. gardneri. The lectotype sequence of C. cimbricum differed by 8.5 % from C. sungminbooi. The organellar genomes of the lectotype of C. cimbricum were not assembled due to low coverage and a preponderance of reads from epiphytic larvae of Mytilus trossulus (Mytilidae, Bivalvia). However, the complete plastid genomes of C. sungminbooi from Hirsholmene, Denmark and California, USA were deciphered, and were similar in length (171,914 and 171,923 bp, respectively). The plastomes are AT rich (72.4 %), and include 224 genes (Table 2). Both contain three ribosomal RNA genes (5 S, 16 S, 23 S), 27 transfer RNAs, 46 ribosomal proteins (19 rps, 27 rpl), 27 ymfs (hypothetical chloroplast proteins), 16 open reading frames, 11 photosystem I, 19 photosystem II, 16 ATP synthase and cytochrome b / f complex, and 11 phycobiliprotein genes. Alignment of the two Ceramium plastomes showed that they differed by only 67 SNPs and nine gaps. The 67 SNPs account for 18 amino acid residue changes in 16 of the 194 coding genes characterized. Ten of the 18 substitutions represented conservative substitutions (amino acid substitutions that are not too dissimilar in their R group chemistry) and eight represented radical substitutions (amino acid substitutions that are dissimilar in their R group chemistry) (Table 3). Two mitochondrial genomes were assembled, but are partial due to an inverted repeat of approximately 700 bp in the mitogenomes of C. sungminbooi specimens from Hirsholmene, Denmark and California, USA. Comparison of the two indicates they are similar in length (24,508 bp for Denmark and 24,494 bp for California). The mitogenomes are AT rich (70.9 %), and include 43 genes (Table 4). Both mitogenomes contain two ribosomal RNA genes, 20 transfer RNAs, three ribosomal proteins, ymf 39, orf 140, and 16 genes involved in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. Alignment of the Ceramium mitogenomes identified 100 SNPs and 32 gaps. The 100 SNPs account for 11 amino acid residue changes over five (rpl 16, cox 3, cob, nad 2, orf 140) of the 21 coding genes Gene groups Genes Photosystem I psaA, psaB, psaC, psaD, psaE, psaF, psaI, psaJ, psaK, psaL, psaM Photosystem II psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbL, psbN, psbT, psbV, psbW, psbX, psbY, psbZ, psb 30 Protochlorophyllide reductase chlI Phycobiliproteins apcA, apcB, apcD, apcE, apcF, cpeA, cpeB, cpcA, cpcB, cpcG Cytochrome b / f complex petA, petB, petD, petF, petG, petJ, petM, petN ATP synthase atpA, atpB, atpD, atpE, atpF, atpG, atpH, atpI RNA polymerase rpoA, rpoB, rpoC 1, rpoC 2 Ribosomal proteins (SSU) rps 1, rps 2, rps 3, rps 4, rps 5, rps 6, rps 7, rps 8, rps 9, rps 10, rps 11, rps 12, rps 13, rps 14, rps 16, rps 17, rps 18, rps 19, rps 20 Ribosomal proteins (LSU) rpl 1, rpl 2, rpl 3, rpl 4, rpl 5, rpl 6, rpl 9, rpl 11, rpl 12, rpl 13, rpl 14, rpl 16, rpl 18, rpl 19, rpl 20, rpl 21, rpl 22, rpl 23, rpl 24, rpl 27, rpl 28, rpl 31, rpl 32, rpl 33, rpl 34, rpl 35, rpl 36 Transfer RNAs trnA-ACG, trnA-TGC, trnC-GCA, trnD-GTC, trnE-TTC, trnF-GAA, trnG-GCC, trnG-TCC, trnG-TTG, trnH-GTG, trnI-GAT, trnK-TTT, trnL-CAA, trnL-TAA, trnL-TAG, trnM-CAT (2 X), trnN-GTT, trnP-TGG, trnR-CCG, trnR-TCT, trnS-TGA, trnS-GCT, trnT-TGT, trnV-TAC, trnW-CCA, trnY-GTA Ribosomal RNAs 5 S, 23 S, 16 S Hypothetical chloroplast orfs ycf 3, ycf 4, ycf 16, ycf 19, ycf 20, ycf 21, ycf 22, ycf 23, ycf 24, ycf 26, ycf 29, ycf 33, ycf 34, ycf 35, ycf 36, ycf 37, ycf 38, ycf 39, ycf 40, ycf 45, ycf 46, ycf 52, ycf 54, ycf 59, ycf 60, ycf 61, ycf 65 Open reading frames orf 7, orf 13, orf 58, orf 68, orf 121, orf 198, orf 199, orf 238, orf 240, orf 263 (2 X), orf 320, orf 327, orf 382, orf 450, orf 621 Other genes accA, accB, accD, acpP, argB, carA, cbbx, ccs 1, ccsA, cemA, clpC, dnaB, dnaK, fabH, ftrB, ftsH, gltB, groEL, ilvB, ilvH, infB, infC, nblA, ntcA, odpA, odpB, ompR, pbsA, pgmA, preA, rbcL, rbcR, rbcS, rne, secA, secY, syfB, syh, tatC, thiG, trpA, trpG, trxA, tsf, tufA characterized. Three of the 11 substitutions represented conservative substitutions, and eight represented radical substitutions (Table 3). Comparison of the C. cimbricum (Denmark) mitogenome with the C. japonicum mitogenome found 5098 SNPs and 2280 gaps. Alignment of the genes for these two species found 631 amino acid substitutions, of which 245 are conservative substitutions and 386 are radical substitutions. Comparison of cox 1 sequences of C. sungminbooi found that those from Denmark and California were identical, but they differed by 2 bp (0.1 %) from the Jindo, Korea specimens and by 13 – 16 bp (0.9 – 1.1 %) from the Tongyeong and Seosan, Korea specimens.	en	Hughey, Jeffery R., Boo, Ga Hun (2016): Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of Ceramium cimbricum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans supports the naming of a new invasive Pacific entity Ceramium sungminbooi sp. nov. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 59 (4): 211-222, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2016-0036, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2016-0036
