identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EFCF0F5D4FFFB2FF5D2DA6FA42FF78.text	03EFCF0F5D4FFFB2FF5D2DA6FA42FF78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster atrata von Schulthess 1912	<div><p>Taxonomy of the atrata species-group atrata species-group</p><p>Diagnosis. The atrata species-group is here defined to include those members of the genus Belonogaster in which the posterior face of the propodeum is entirely finely shagreened and bare, with at most some punctures and setae on the margins (Figs 1F, 2H, 3E, 4H).</p><p>Key to the species of the atrata species-group</p><p>(The key is mostly based on the females, as the males of Belonogaster atrata and B. levior are currently unknown)</p><p>1. Dorsal side of mesosoma with erect black setae of variable length and with short but clearly hair-like pubescence. Integuments of mesosoma, except posterior face of propodeum, with very fine shagreen and silky shiny, bearing distinct and deep sparse punctures........................................................................................... 2</p><p>– Dorsal side of mesosoma without black setae, densely covered in dust-like pubescence. Integuments of mesosoma, except posterior face of propodeum, with coarser micropunctures or shagreen, matte, bearing only few scattered indistinct punctures ................................................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Mesosoma with bright golden-brassy pubescence, more evident on pronotum and mesoscutum (Figs 2A–B). T 1 longer and slenderer, much longer than mesosoma, subapical expansion barely wider than basal width in dorsal view (Fig. 2A); basal petiole of T 2 longer, length:width 2.4 in male (Fig. 2F) and 2.8 in female (Fig. 2G). Mesosoma and legs extensively marked with ferruginous-red, wings subhyaline with reddish tinge and slightly darker apex.................. B. aurata Richards</p><p>– Mesosoma with pale whitish-yellow pubescence (Figs 1B–C). T 1 shorter and more robust, about as long as mesosoma, subapical expansion much wider than basal width in dorsal view (Fig. 1B); basal petiole of T 2 shorter, length:width 1.5 in female (Fig. 1E; male unknown). Mesosoma and legs entirely black or at most scutellum and metanotum red, wings blackish with distinct blue-purple reflections.............................................................. B. atrata von Schulthess</p><p>3. Disc of scutellum narrower, 1.55× as wide as long; median longitudinal furrow deep and well-impressed, dividing the disc of scutellum into two gibbosities (Fig. 3E). Scutellum and metanotum shagreened like propodeum, bearing small but deep and well defined punctures (Fig. 3E). Basal pit of propodeum shallow and wide, weakly indicated (Fig. 3E). Basal petiole of T 2 shorter, length:width 1.6 in female (Fig. 3D; male unknown). Mesosoma black, with reduced dark-red markings............................................................................................... B. levior Richards</p><p>– Disc of scutellum wider, 1.8× as wide as long; median longitudinal furrow shallow and barely impressed, not clearly dividing the disc of scutellum into two parts (Fig. 4H). Scutellum and metanotum densely micropunctate, bearing very fine and barely noticeable punctures (Fig. 4H). Basal pit of propodeum deep and narrow, well defined (Fig. 4H). Basal petiole of T 2 longer, length:width 1.6 in male (Fig. 4F) and 1.8 in female (Fig. 4G). Mesosoma ferruginous, irregular dark markings on mesoscutum and pronotum only....................................................... B. velutina Selis &amp; Longair, sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D4FFFB2FF5D2DA6FA42FF78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D4CFFB3FF5D2F4FFBABFD86.text	03EFCF0F5D4CFFB3FF5D2F4FFBABFD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster atrata von Schulthess 1912	<div><p>Belonogaster atrata von Schulthess, 1912</p><p>(Figs 1B–F)</p><p>Belonogaster atratus von Schulthess, 1912: 41, ♀ – “Westafrika, Uelleburg” (lectotype female ETHZ).</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.4/lat 0.861)">Material</a> examined. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: Tshopo, Yangambi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.4/lat 0.861)">MAB forest</a>, 0.861N 24.400E, 417 m, 27.VI.2023, leg. A. Dorchin, 1♀ (MSVI).</p><p>Distribution. Equatorial Guinea, Democratic Republic of Congo * (Fig. 1A).</p><p>Notes. Richards (1982) reported Cameroon as origin of the lectotype, but the type locality “Uelleburg” is in fact in Equatorial Guinea, close to the current city of Mbini (Pont 2013: 160).</p><p>The examined female (Figs 1B–F) presents some differences from the description provided by Richards (1982): sides of mesoscutum and pronotum with smaller punctures and interspaces densely micropunctate-reticulate, mesoscutum with short black setae and inconspicuous pale pubescence, pubescence of metasoma grayish, scutellum and metanotum red. These differences are here considered to be intraspecific variability, since the specimen coincides with the description in all other diagnostic characters, in particular the sculpture of the propodeum, the rest of the pattern, the vestiture of the femora and the brevity of the T1 and of the petiole of the T2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D4CFFB3FF5D2F4FFBABFD86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D4AFFB4FF5D2EE2FD0FFB5F.text	03EFCF0F5D4AFFB4FF5D2EE2FD0FFB5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster aurata Richards. A - C, E - F 1982	<div><p>Belonogaster aurata Richards, 1982</p><p>(Fig. 2)</p><p>Belonogaster aurata Richards, 1982: 34 (key), 59, fig. 14, ♀ – “ Nigeria: Lagos ” (holotype female NHMUK).</p><p>Material examined. IVORY COAST: Tai NP, IET <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.3419447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.3419447/lat 5.8333335)">Station</a>, 5°50’N 7°20’31”W, 19.II.1997, leg. R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.3419447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.3419447/lat 5.8333335)">Longair</a>, 1♂ (MSVI); Tai NP, IET Station, 5°50’N 7°20’31”W, 23.II.1997, leg. R. Longair, 1♀ (MSVI).</p><p>Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Figs 2A–B. Body length 17.5 mm; fore wing length 15.0 mm. Differing from female as follows: head (Fig. 2C; head of female in Fig. 2D) in frontal view as long as wide; inner eye margins more converging below, distance between them at vertex 1.15× as long as distance at clypeus; clypeus smaller and more flattened in dorsal half, free apical part triangular, sharply pointed apically and largely exceeding lateral lobes, covered with sparse white pubescence and scattered black setae; antennal toruli much closer to inner eye margin than to clypeal margin; gena narrower, 0.75× as wide as eye in lateral view; scape almost parallel-sided, 3.5× as long as apically wide; F1 slightly expanded apically, 3.7× as long as wide, 1.8× as long as F2, about as long as F2+F3; F2–F9 becoming progressively shorter, but always longer than wide; F10 longer than F9, flattened, with straight ventral margin and curved dorsal margin, apex rounded; tyloids on F3–F9, short ridges at base and apex on F3, sharp ridges on whole length of F4–F6, raised subtriangular lobes on F7–F9 becoming progressively higher and sharper (Fig. 2E); teguments more matte, on mesoscutum with several small punctures between large punctures; T1 proportionally shorter and more expanded after spiracles, 6.5× as long as maximum width; basal petiole of T2 shorter, 2.4× as long as wide (Fig. 2F; petiole of female in Fig. 2G); T7 subtriangular and apically rounded; posterior margin of S6 shallowly emarginated in the middle; S7 trapezoidal with subtruncate apical margin, surface flattened with shallowly raised posterolateral corners. Genitalia in Fig. 2I. Ferruginous-red; following parts suffused with yellow: lateral lobes and apex of clypeus, inner margin of malar space, inner eye margin up to lower margin of ocular sinus; head black from antennal insertions to occipital margin and on dorsal half of hypostoma, scape with an elongate dark spot above, flagellum darkened from apical half of F1, last three flagellomeres less darkened than preceding ones, dorsolateral faces of pronotum becoming darker toward posterior corners, mesoscutum deep black, propodeum becoming progressively darker basally, irregular dark markings on mesepisternum, fore and mid tibia and hind leg darkened, tarsi deep black, metasoma darkened on apical margin of T2 and whole T3–T5.</p><p>Distribution. Ivory Coast *, Nigeria (Fig. 1A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D4AFFB4FF5D2EE2FD0FFB5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D4AFFB4FF5D2B64FF38F8A2.text	03EFCF0F5D4AFFB4FF5D2B64FF38F8A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster levior Richards 1982	<div><p>Belonogaster levior Richards, 1982</p><p>(Fig. 3)</p><p>Belonogaster levior Richards, 1982: 34, 41 (key), 58, ♀, ♂ – “ Uganda: Budongo Forest, Unyoro, 3400 ft [1040 m]” (holotype female NHMUK).</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “Holo - / type [round label with red border] // Uganda Prot. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.80255&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.51233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.80255/lat 0.51233)">Budongo Forest</a>, / Unyoro. 3,400 ft. / 11-15 Dec.1911 / S.A.Neave. // 1912–193. // Holo - / type [round label with red border] // Belonogaster / levior Richards / ♀ Type [handwritten] // NHMUK 010880633 [with QR code]” (NHMUK) . GABON: Ogoouè Ivindo, P.N. Ivindo, Ipassa, 0.51233N 12.80255E, 3–14.XII.2013, leg. Carlo Massarone, 1♀ (MSVI).</p><p>Distribution. Congo, Gabon *, Uganda (Fig. 1A).</p><p>Notes. Richards (1982) described this species based on three females from Uganda (holotype) and Congo, and a male from Liberia. Comparing Richards' description of the male with the available specimens and considering the distribution, it is evident that the male from Liberia is in fact Belonogaster velutina sp. nov., described below. The two species appear to be vicariants, with Belonogaster levior in Central Africa and B. velutina sp. nov. in West Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D4AFFB4FF5D2B64FF38F8A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D4BFFB7FF5D2AA3FBEAFE16.text	03EFCF0F5D4BFFB7FF5D2AA3FBEAFE16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster velutina Selis & Longair 2025	<div><p>Belonogaster velutina Selis &amp; Longair, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Belonogaster levior: Richards 1982: 41 (key), 58, ♂, part., Liberia (misidentification).</p><p>Diagnosis. The entirely shagreened and bare posterior face of propodeum places Belonogaster velutina sp. nov. in the atrata species-group, in which it comes close to Belonogaster levior due to mesosoma densely microsculpted with only scattered very fine punctures and lacking black erect setae. Belonogaster velutina sp. nov. is readily distinguished from B. levior by the following characters: disc of scutellum 1.8× as wide as long and with indistinct median furrow (Fig. 4H), scutellum and metanotum densely micropunctate with barely visible macropunctures (Fig. 4H), basal pit of propodeum deep and narrow and well-impressed, basal petiole of T2 longer (1.6× as long as wide in male, 1.8× in female; Figs 4F–G), and mesosoma entirely ferruginous with indistinct dark markings on mesoscutum and pronotum (Figs 4A–B).</p><p>Material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ COTE D’IVOIRE: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.3419447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.8333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.3419447/lat 5.8333335)">Tai NP / IET Station</a> / 5°50’ N 7°20’31” W / 20.II.1997 R. Longair // 85 // Belonogaster velutina / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis [red label]” (AMNH). PARATYPE: same locality as holotype, 21.II.1997, 1♀ (MSVI).</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Figs 4A–B). Body length 16.0 mm; fore wing length 14.0 mm. Head (Fig. 4C) slightly narrower than mesosoma excluding tegulae, 1.1× as wide as high in anterior view, 2.15× as wide as long in dorsal view. Inner eye margins almost parallel, distance between them at vertex equal to that at clypeus. Clypeus as long as wide, distinctly produced below, subtriangular with apex sharply pointed and exceeding lateral lobes of clypeus; clypeus almost evenly flattened in lateral view. Gena narrow, 0.65× as wide as eye in lateral view; malar space slightly longer than diameter of antennal torulus. Ocelli arranged in equilateral triangle and close to each other; distance between posterior ocelli 0.8× as long as their diameter and 0.4× as long as ocellocular distance. Vertex 1.4× as long as ocellocular distance. Antenna slender and curled apically; scape weakly enlarged medially, 3.2× as long as apically wide; F1 enlarged apically, 4× as long as apically wide, 1.5× as long as F2, about as long as F2+F3; F2–F7 longer than wide and similar in shape, becoming progressively shorter; F8–F9 as long as F7 but thinner; F10 elongate, 3× as long as basally wide, dorsal margin curved, apically tapering in a rounded apex; tyloids present on F2–F9, paired elongate ridges on F2, ridges covering whole length and becoming progressively higher on F3–F6, sharp ridges expanding apically on F7–F9 (Fig. 4E). Mesoscutum weakly convex, 1.1× as long as wide, with barely visible median ridge in anterior third. Scutellum more convex than mesoscutum, with barely visible median longitudinal furrow on whole length, disc 1.7× as wide as long (Fig. 4H). Metanotum almost vertical, transversely convex and bearing a shallow median depression. Propodeum weakly and evenly convex, with a median barely indicated furrow in posterior half, anterior margin with a deep and elongate subtriangular pit.Apical segment of fore tarsus weakly dilated apically. T1 5.6× as long as maximum width; in dorsal view weakly and evenly widened from base almost to apex, with a shallow apical constriction, maximum width 1.6× as wide as basal width; T 1 in lateral view curved at extreme base and then straight, strongly thickening apically, maximum height 1.9× as high as basal height, dorsal margin distinctly curved posteriorly. T2 evenly widening posteriorly after basal petiole, apical margin 4.3× as wide as basal margin; basal petiole 1.6× as long as wide (Fig. 4F). Genitalia in Fig. 4I.</p><p>Clypeus and supraclypeal area weakly shiny, shallowly and irregularly shagreened with scattered very fine punctures. Frons matte, densely and shallowly micropunctate, with scattered shallow fine punctures; vertex and gena weakly shiny and sparsely punctate, punctures denser along eye margin and malar space. Scape shiny and micropunctate, with some barely visible punctures; flagellum matte and densely shagreened, F10 shinier on outer face. Mesosoma except posterior face of propodeum matte and velvety due to very dense micropunctures, shallow and very sparse macropunctures visible on margins of pronotum, scutellum and metanotum, and on posterior margin of mesepisternum and metaepisternum; posterior face of propodeum finely and densely shagreened, with some fine punctures on anterior margin and fine rugosities around propodeal orifice, surface with a silky shine. T1 similar to posterior face of propodeum, but shagreen shallower and less evident, some very fine punctures on posterior half; S1 with shallow but distinct transverse striation, disappearing posteriorly. T2–T7 finely and transversely shagreened, with fine and barely visible punctures starting from apex of T2; T6–T7 shinier than previous tergites. S2–S6 similar to respective tergites but shinier and punctures mostly restricted to lateral margins; S7 with very fine dense punctures. Most of head, mesosoma, legs, T2–T7 and S1–S7 with dense and very short pale pubescence with golden reflections, T1 lacking pubescence but bearing some very short golden setae arising from the punctures, S1 with long pale setae. Clypeus with whitish pubescence and scattered short black setae on whole surface. Short black setae on frons, vertex, hypostoma, proepisternum and fore coxa. Short but stout black setae arising between pubescence on metasoma starting from apex of T2 and S2, more numerous and evident on tergites than on sternites.</p><p>Ferruginous-red; following parts pale yellow: longitudinal bands covering lateral thirds of clypeus and face up to ocular sinus, interantennal space, suffusion on base of mandible and inner margin of malar space, ventral face of scape, pedicel and base of F1, anterior face of proepisternum, irregular markings on fore and mid coxae, anterior face of fore femur, anterior line on mid femur and mid and hind tibiae, basal and apical spots on hind femur; following parts dark red to black: head above level of antennal toruli, upper face of antenna except F8–F10, elongate spots along posterior margin of pronotum, mesoscutum, middle of anterior margin of propodeum, spots at upper and lower margin of mesepisternum, apex of T2 and S2 and whole T3–T6 and S3–S6, hind femur, all tibiae and tarsi. Wings hyaline with brownish suffusion along costal margin.</p><p>Female paratype. Body length 18.0 mm; fore wing length 15.0 mm. Differing from male as follows: head (Fig. 4D) 1.2× as wide as high in anterior view, 2.35× as wide as long in dorsal view; clypeus more convex and more produced below, 1.1× as long as wide, apex more sharply pointed, bearing denser and deeper punctures, pubescence on basal two thirds and brownish, black setae longer and stouter; gena 0.95× as wide as eye in lateral view; malar space longer, 1.35× as long as diameter of antennal torulus; antenna proportionally shorter and stouter, scape 3.4× as long as apically wide, F1 3.3× as long as wide and about as long as F2+F3+F4, F2 slightly longer than wide, F3 subquadrate, F4–F7 wider than long and becoming progressively shorter, F8 subquadrate, F9 bullet shaped and 1.3× as long as basally wide; sculpture on mesosoma slightly coarser, macropunctures more numerous and marked, hair-like setae on lateral faces of pronotum; basal petiole of T2 longer, 1.8× as long as wide (Fig. 4G); stout black setae on metasoma more numerous and longer, much more evident on sternites than on tergites. Same color pattern as male, but differing as follows: pale yellow markings absent, orange-yellow suffusions visible on mandibles, malar space and margins of clypeus; dark markings reduced on pronotum and absent on propodeum and mesepisternum, but scutellum with a pair of medial dark suffusions (Fig. 4H); T2 and tibiae darker.</p><p>Distribution. Liberia, Ivory Coast (Fig. 1A).</p><p>Etymology. The species name comes from the Latin adjective velutinus, - a, - um (= velvety), in reference to the velvety and matte appearance of this species.</p><p>Sex association. The association of the two sexes is strongly supported, as they were collected in the same place one day apart and share all the diagnostic characters of the species (see diagnosis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D4BFFB7FF5D2AA3FBEAFE16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2EAAFCF4FDCE.text	03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2EAAFCF4FDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster brunnea subsp. brunnea Ritsema 1874	<div><p>Belonogaster brunnea brunnea Ritsema, 1874</p><p>Belonogaster brunneus Ritsema, 1874: 177, 202, ♀ – “Neder-Guinea” [labeled “ Congo ” (= Congo River)] (RMNH).</p><p>Belonogaster distinguendus Kohl, 1894: 322, 323 (key), 328, 335, pl. 15 figs 79-81, 94, pl. 16 fig. 98, pl. 17 fig. 141, ♀, ♂ – “Westafrika: Chutes de Samlia, Riv. N. Gamio, Mocquereys Gran Bana” (lectotype male NHMW).</p><p>Material examined. CAMEROON: prov. Sud, Dep. Ocean, ca. 48 km NE Kribi (small river, road N7), 7.II.1995, leg. E. Aistleitner, 1♂ (OLML) . GUINEA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.4018&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.4018/lat 7.6943)">Monts Nimba</a>, Lola, 7.6943N 8.4018W, 8.VII.2004, leg. M. Halada, 1♂ 2♀ (OLML) . IVORY COAST: Man, Mont Tonkoui, 1000-1200 m, 9.II.1998, leg. Kassebeer &amp; Hilger, 1♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Guinea *, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast *, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon *, Bioko, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2EAAFCF4FDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2CD6FD66FBC7.text	03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2CD6FD66FBC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster dubia Kohl 1894	<div><p>Belonogaster dubia Kohl, 1894</p><p>Belonogaster dubius Kohl, 1894: 322, 323 (key), 329, 335, pl. 15 figs 79, 80, 94, pl. 16 fig. 100, pl. 18 fig. 145, ♀, ♂ – “ Ostafrika: Dar es Salaam ” (lectotype male NHMW).</p><p>Belenogaster [!] occidentalis Tullgren, 1904: 455, pl. 25, fig. 14, ♀, ♂ – “Itoki” (lectotype male NHRS).</p><p>Belonogaster massaicus Cameron, 1910: 171, ♀ – “ Kilimandjaro: Kibonoto 1000-1200 m ” (lectotype NHRS).</p><p>Material examined. BENIN: 15 km SE of Save, 8–25.IV.2000, leg. J. Halada, 3♀ (MSVI, OLML) . CAMEROON: E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.11667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.26667/lat 6.11667)">Big Babanki</a>, 6.11667N 10.26667E, 1200 m, 10.III.2008, leg. J. Horak, 1♀ (MSVI); Yaoundé, I.1981, 1♀ (MSVI) . TOGO: Kloto, Foret de Missahoe, X.2020, 1♂ 1♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo *, Benin *, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon *, Bioko, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2CD6FD66FBC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2ADCFEC7F9DA.text	03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2ADCFEC7F9DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster fuscipennis du Buysson 1909	<div><p>Belonogaster fuscipennis du Buysson, 1909</p><p>Belonogaster griseus var. fuscipennis du Buysson, 1909: 251, 264, ♀, ♂ – “ Congo français: Haute Sanga ” (lectotype female MNHN).</p><p>Material examined. BENIN: Zangnanado, river Ouene, 15.IV.2000, leg. J. Halada, 1♀ (MSVI) . CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Ombella-Mpoko, 5km E Damara, 400m, 18-19.VII.2011, leg. A. Kudrna Jr., 1♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Benin *, Central African Republic *, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo, Sudan.</p><p>Notes. The specimen from Central African Republic differs from the description provided by Richards (1982) in the following aspects: area around ocelli darkened, mid and hind tarsi entirely black, S2 with very suffused and barely visible subapical yellow spots, frons and vertex with short black setae, short black erect setae on mid and hind femur.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D46FFB8FF5D2ADCFEC7F9DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D46FFB9FF5D28E2FD10FEFA.text	03EFCF0F5D46FFB9FF5D28E2FD10FEFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster grisea (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>Belonogaster grisea (Fabricius, 1775)</p><p>Vespa grisea Fabricius, 1775: 372 – “Sierra Leon Africae” (holotype female NHMUK).</p><p>Belonogaster pictus Kohl, 1894: 320, 323 (key), 324, 337, pl. 16 fig. 118, pl. 18 figs 142, 146, 152, 156, ♀, ♂ – “ Camerun ” (lectotype female NHMW).</p><p>? Belonogaster braunsi Kohl, 1894: 323 (key), 331, 334, ♀ – “ Südafrika: Port Natal ” (type depository unknown).</p><p>Belonogaster griseus var. pallens du Buysson, 1909: 15, 250, 265, ♀, ♂ – “ Dakar ” (lectotype female MNHN).</p><p>Belonogaster erythrospilus Cameron, 1910: 172, ♀, ♂ – “ Meru low lands, Ngare na nyuki” (lectotype male NHRS).</p><p>Material examined. BENIN: Cove, Zou river, 16.IV.2000, leg. J. Halada, 1♀ (MSVI). ETHIOPIA: 20 km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.53333/lat 5.25)">Konso</a>, 5.25000N 37.53333E, 860 m, 11–13+ 18. V.2015, leg. A. Kudrna jr., 1♀ (MSVI); 70 km S Jima, Chebera Churchura N.P., 7.03333N 36.68333E, 1100-1300m, 7–8. V.2015, leg. A. Kudrna jr., 1♀ (MSVI). TOGO: Kloto, Foret de Missahoe, X.2020, 1♂ 6♀ (MSVI).</p><p>Distribution. Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo *, Benin *, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia *, Kenya, Tanzania (including Zanzibar), Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D46FFB9FF5D28E2FD10FEFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D47FFB9FF5D2FC3FC02FBB0.text	03EFCF0F5D47FFB9FF5D2FC3FC02FBB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster kohli Schulz. A - B 1906	<div><p>Belonogaster kohli Schulz, 1906</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Belonogaster kohli Schulz, 1906: 322, ♀ – “ Insel Fernando Po ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Material examined. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Ombella-Mpoko, 75km NNE Bangui, 26–29.IV.2010, leg. A. Kudrna Jr., 1♀ (MSVI) . IVORY COAST: Tai NP, IET <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-7.341944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.83333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -7.341944/lat 5.83333)">Station</a>, 5.83333N 7.341944W, 22.II.1997, leg. R. Longair, 2♀ (CNC) . TOGO: Kloto, Foret de Missahoe, X.2020, 1♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Ivory Coast *, Togo *, Bioko, Central African Republic *, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda.</p><p>Notes. The specimens from West Africa (Figs 5A–B) show the same dark pattern described by Richards (1982), while the one from Central African Republic (Figs 5C–D) shows a lighter ferruginous coloration with the following pale yellow markings: ventral quarter and suffused lateral margins of clypeus, most of mandibles, part of malar space and gena, inner eye margin up to bottom of ocular sinus, underside of scape, paired spots on middle of pronotum, inferior margin of pronotum, extreme sides of scutellum including axillae, metanotum including axillae, elongate spots on propodeum, propodeal valvula, most of proepisternum, irregular markings on posterior half of mesepisternum, inner margin of fore coxae, line on outer face of fore tibia, suffused narrow apical line on T2. This paler pattern is similar to that described by Schulz (1906) for the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D47FFB9FF5D2FC3FC02FBB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2EE2FB17FECA.text	03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2EE2FB17FECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster leonina Richards 1982	<div><p>Belonogaster leonina Richards, 1982</p><p>Belonogaster leonina Richards, 1982: 39, 43 (key), 90, figs 63-65, ♂, ♀ – “ Sierra Leone: Mattru ” (holotype male NHMUK).</p><p>Material examined. IVORY COAST: Lamto Tropical Ecology Station, 6.V.1988, leg. R. Longair, 1♀ (CNC).</p><p>Distribution. Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast*, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2EE2FB17FECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2FE9FAA2FC9B.text	03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2FE9FAA2FC9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster macilenta (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>Belonogaster macilenta (Fabricius, 1781)</p><p>Vespa macilenta Fabricius, 1781: 468 – “Africa aequinoctiali” (holotype male NHMUK).</p><p>Belonogaster pusillus Kohl, 1894: 320, 323 (key), 325, 337, pl. 15 figs 75, 77, pl. 16 fig. 116, pl. 17 figs 137, 140, 143, 148, ♀, ♂ – “ Westafrika: Sierra Leone ” (? RBINS).</p><p>Material examined. BENIN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.4891&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.0352" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.4891/lat 5.0352)">Save</a> env., 5.0352N 2.4891E, 16. VI.2001, leg. F. Kantner, 1♂ 1♀ (OLML) ; 15 km SE of Save, 8–25.IV.2000, leg. J. Halada, 1♂ (MSVI) . GUINEA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.40183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.69433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.40183/lat 7.69433)">Monts Nimba</a>, Lola, 7.69433N 8.40183W, 8.VII.2004, leg. M. Halada, 2♀ (MSVI, OLML) ; NW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-11.8975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.9275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -11.8975/lat 11.9275)">Guinea</a>, Hadina Salmbandi, 11.9275N 11.8975W, 11.VII.2004, leg. M. Halada, 1♀ (OLML) . TOGO: Kloto, Foret de Missahoe, X.2020, 2♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Sierra Leone, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea *, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo *, Benin *, Nigeria.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2FE9FAA2FC9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2D3EFA8AF86B.text	03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2D3EFA8AF86B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster maculata Richards 1982	<div><p>Belonogaster maculata Richards, 1982</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Belonogaster maculata Richards, 1982: 36 (key), 71, ♀ – “ Uganda: eastern Mbale district, S. of Mt Elgon, 2700-3000 ft [820- 915m]” (OUMNH).</p><p>Material examined. CAMEROON: E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.26666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.11666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.26666/lat 6.11666)">Big Babanki</a>, 6.11666N 10.26666E, 1200 m, 10.III.2008, leg. J. Horak, 1♂ 1♀ (MSVI, OLML) . CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Lobaye, 20 km NNE of Mbaiki, 400 m, 3–4. V.2010, leg. A. Kudrna jr., 1♀ (MSVI) ; Ombella-Mpoko, 75 km NNE of Bangui, 26–29.IV.2010, leg. A. Kudrna jr., 1♀ (MSVI) . GABON: Ogouuè Ivindo, P.N. Ivindo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.802556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.512333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.802556/lat 0.512333)">Ipassa</a>, 0.512333 12.802556, 3–14.XII.2013, leg. Carlo Massarone, 1♀ (MSVI) ; Ogouuè Ivindo, P.N. Ivindo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=12.802556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.512333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 12.802556/lat 0.512333)">Ipassa</a>, 0.512333 12.802556, 10.XII.2014, leg. Maurizio Pavesi, 1♂ (MSVI) .</p><p>Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Figs 6A–B. Body length 18.0 mm; fore wing length 17.5 mm. Differing from female as follows: head (Fig. 6C) as long as wide in frontal view; inner eye margins less converging below, subparallel; clypeus similar in shape but less convex and with shorter free apical part, apical margin sharply pointed apically and largely exceeding lateral lobes, covered with short silvery pubescence on lateral and basal thirds and very short scattered black setae arising from fine punctures; antennal toruli much closer to inner eye margin than to clypeal margin; gena slightly wider ventrally, 0.75× as wide as eye; scape slightly enlarged apically, 3.7× as long as apically wide; F1 nearly parallel-sided, 4× as long as wide, 1.8× as long as F2, about as long as F2+F3; F2–F9 longer than wide, becoming progressively shorter; F10 longer than F9, slightly concave on outer face, evenly curved and slightly expanded apically, apex rounded; tyloids on F3–F9, barely visible tubercles on F3, dull ridges increasing in height on F4–F6, basally low and apically high ridges on F7–F9 (Fig. 6D); T1 proportionally narrower and more parallel-sided, 6.8× as long as maximum width; basal petiole of T2 longer, 2.8× as long as wide; T7 subtriangular with rounded apex; posterior margin of S6 emarginated in the middle; S7 trapezoidal with subtruncate apical margin, surface flattened in the middle. Genitalia in Fig. 6E. Black; following parts red: median third of face, mandibles, most of gena and hypostoma, anterior margin of pronotum, extreme sides of scutellum and metanotum, mesosternum, ventral margin of metaepisternum, T1 and basal petiole of T2, most of femora and fore tibia; following parts pale yellow: longitudinal bands covering lateral thirds of face up to ocular sinus and meeting on apical margin of clypeus, interantennal spot, median half of mandible, ventral face of scape; flagellum orange, darkened on upper face of F1–F7, with intensity of black decreasing on apical flagellomeres, F8–F10 entirely orange.</p><p>Distribution. Cameroon *, Gabon *, Central African Republic *, Uganda, Kenya.</p><p>Notes. The examined females differ from the original description (Richards 1982) in having variably developed suffused red markings along the anterior margin of the pronotum and on the scutellum and the metanotum, the fore and the mid femora red, denser black setae on the propodeum, the femora with black setae on lower surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D44FFBAFF5D2D3EFA8AF86B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D45FFBBFF5D2A9FFDD0F9FE.text	03EFCF0F5D45FFBBFF5D2A9FFDD0F9FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster neavei Richards 1982	<div><p>Belonogaster neavei Richards, 1982</p><p>Belonogaster neavei Richards, 1982: 39, 45 (key), 89, ♂, ♀ – “ Kenya: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.033333/lat -2.0666666)">Masongaleni</a>, ca 38°2’E, 2°4’S, 3000 ft [915 m]” (holotype male NHMUK).</p><p>Material examined. BURUNDI: Bujumbura, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.399418&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.395833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.399418/lat -3.395833)">Kirombwe</a>, 3.395833S 29.399417E, 1148 m, 27.I.2011, leg. M. Mei, P. Cerretti, D. Whitmore, 1♂ (MSVI) . MOZAMBIQUE: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.279&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.272" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.279/lat -25.272)">Bilene</a>, 25.272S 33.279E, 20 m, 1–13.XII.2015, leg. M. Uliana, 1♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Burundi *, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique *, South Africa.</p><p>Notes. The male from Burundi shows considerably reduced yellow markings on legs, visible on fore and mid coxa and base of mid femur only.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D45FFBBFF5D2A9FFDD0F9FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D45FFBCFF5D28C6FDA3FC8A.text	03EFCF0F5D45FFBCFF5D28C6FDA3FC8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster nitida Richards 1982	<div><p>Belonogaster nitida Richards, 1982</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Belonogaster nitida Richards, 1982: 40 (key), 60, figs 15-16, ♂ – “ Nigeria: Eastern province, Oguta, east of Onitsha ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Material examined. IVORY COAST: Tai NP, IET Station, 5.83333N 7.34194W, 15.II.1997, leg. R. Longair, 1♂ (MSVI) .</p><p>Distribution. Ivory Coast *, Nigeria.</p><p>Notes. This is the second known specimen of this species (Figs 7A–B). It mostly agrees with the original description (Richards 1982: 60) but differs in some morphological characters: clypeus entirely covered with a combination of long and dense silvery and very few fine black setae (Fig. 7C), F2–F4 with linear tyloids, F5–F8 with linear tyloids expanded at base and apex in two protuberances, F9 with a linear thick tyloid ending in a point, F10 with a blunt ridge on basal half (Fig. 7D), mesosoma without erect black setae, pronotum, mesoscutum and posterior face of propodeum with dense very shallow punctures. Moreover, it shows slightly different yellow markings: mandibles, whole face up to upper margin of ocular sinus, malar space, ventral half of gena and of hypostoma, ventral face of scape and pedicel, F10, paired elongate spots on anterior face of pronotum, ventral half of lateral faces of pronotum, axillae of scutellum, axillae and anterior margin of metanotum, subrectangular spots on lower half of propodeum, proepisternum, irregular markings on mesepisternum and mesosternum, part of dorsal plate of metaepisternum, anterior face of fore and mid coxae, upper face of fore tibia and tarsi, lateroventral face of mid and hind femur and tibia. Given the peculiarity of the species and the concordance of most diagnostic characters, the differences listed above are regarded as intraspecific variation. Genitalia see Fig. 7F.</p><p>A remarkable character of this species, not noted by Richards (1982) in the original description, is the strongly flattened fore femur. A flattening of the fore femur is present to varying degrees in most males of Belonogaster, with some species (e.g. B. turbulenta Kohl) in which it is very marked, however in B. nitida the flattening is clearly more pronounced and gives a ribbon-like appearance to the femur, which has two perfectly flat faces that are conspicuously separated on sides (Fig. 7E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D45FFBCFF5D28C6FDA3FC8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D43FFBDFF5D2EE2FD95FDC3.text	03EFCF0F5D43FFBDFF5D2EE2FD95FDC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster saeva de Saussure 1890	<div><p>Belonogaster saeva de Saussure, 1890</p><p>Belonogaster saevus de Saussure, 1890: 92, footnote, ♀ – “l’Afrique tropicale” (type depository unknown).</p><p>Material examined. GUINEA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-8.4018&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.6943" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -8.4018/lat 7.6943)">Monts Nimba</a>, Lola, 7.6943N 8.4018W, 8.VII.2004, leg. M. Halada, 2♀ (OLML). IVORY COAST: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.341944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.83333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.341944/lat 5.83333)">Man</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.341944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.83333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.341944/lat 5.83333)">Zogoualé</a>, Casscades Mont la Dent, 7.41666N 7.56666W, 15.II.1998, leg. Kassebeer &amp; Hilger, 1♀ (MSVI); Tai NP, IET Station, 5.83333N 7.341944E, 18.II.1997, leg. R. Longair, 1♀ (CNC). ZAMBIA: Lumangwe Falls, 5–7.XII.2018, leg. S. Prepsl, 1♀ (MSVI).</p><p>Distribution. Guinea *, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast *, Ghana, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia *, Malawi, South Africa.</p><p>Notes. The examined specimen from Zambia differs from the description provided by Richards (1982) in having the upper third of head, whole mesosoma (except extreme sides of scutellum and apical depression of propodeum) and legs, and most of T2 and S2 black.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D43FFBDFF5D2EE2FD95FDC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
03EFCF0F5D43FFBEFF5D2CD8FB31FC3B.text	03EFCF0F5D43FFBEFF5D2CD8FB31FC3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belonogaster turbulenta Kohl 1894	<div><p>Belonogaster turbulenta Kohl, 1894</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Belonogaster turbulentus Kohl, 1894: 323 (key), 330, 337, pl. 15 fig. 87, pl. 16 fig. 101, pl. 17 fig. 147, ♀ – “ Westafrika: Sierra Leone ” (NHMW).</p><p>Material examined. GABON: Ogouuè Ivindo, P.N. Ivindo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.273889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.440278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.273889/lat 0.440278)">Ipassa</a>, 0.512333 12.802556, 3–14.XII.2013, leg. Carlo Massarone, 2♀ (MSVI); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.273889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.440278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.273889/lat 0.440278)">Parc</a> national des Monts de Cristal, Kinguélé, 0.440278 10.273889, 230 m, 19–30.XI.2019, leg. Daniele Sechi, 1♂ 3♀ (1♂ MSVI; 3♀ DSCI).</p><p>Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Figs 8A–B. Body length 17.0 mm; fore wing length 15.5 mm. Differing from female as follows: head (Fig. 8C) in frontal view 0.8× as long as wide; inner eye margin weakly converging below; clypeus less convex and with much shorter free apical part, apical margin widely subtriangular with broadly rounded apex, shortly exceeding lateral lobes; face entirely covered by dense golden setae, longer on clypeus; antennal toruli much closer to inner eye margin than to clypeal margin; gena slightly wider ventrally, 0.4× as wide as eye in lateral view; scape slightly enlarged in the middle, 4.8× as long as apically wide; F1 nearly parallel-sided, 4.7× as long as wide, 1.85× as long as F2, 0.9× as long as F2+F3; F2–F7 longer than wide and becoming progressively shorter and thicker; F8–F9 much narrower and longer than F7; F10 longer than F9, slightly concave on lateral face, evenly curved and slightly expanding in basal fourth, then parallel-sided, apex obliquely truncate; tyloids on all flagellomeres, irregular fine carina on whole length of F1–F2, stronger carina on whole length of F3–F5, strong carina absent basally and becoming higher apically on F6–F9, thin carina on whole length of F10 except extreme base (Fig. 8D); T1 proportionally narrower and less expanded behind spiracles, 6.2× as long as maximum width; basal petiole of T2 shorter, 1.9× as long as wide; T7 with subtruncate apex; S7 with subtruncate apical margin and medially flattened; longer hind tarsi. Genitalia in Fig. 8E. Ferruginous-orange; following parts darkened to black: inner margin of mandible, vertex, basal petiole of T2, hind tarsi; following parts pale yellow: outer face of mandible, broad ventral margin of clypeus, suffused narrow line along inner margin of eye not reaching ocular sinus.</p><p>Distribution. Sierra Leone, Gabon *, Democratic Republic of Congo, Congo.</p><p>Notes. The examined specimens, all from Gabon, show a certain variability in vestiture and sculpture: while some females completely agree with the description provided by Richards (1982), the other females and the male show more punctures on the head and the mesosoma and longer darker setae on the whole body.All female specimens show many dark bristles arising between the pubescence on the metasoma starting from T2 and S2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFCF0F5D43FFBEFF5D2CD8FB31FC3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco;Longair, Robert W.	Selis, Marco, Longair, Robert W. (2025): New data on the genus Belonogaster de Saussure, with establishment of the atrata species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Zootaxa 5692 (2): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.2.8
