taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F787EDFF8F6725443BF91EFDF52457.taxon	description	Xyridi tuberosae habitu caule subterranea cormiforme similissima, sed foliis linearibus vel subteretis, nec ensiformibus, caule subterranea bilobata dum in X. tuberosa plerumque elobato sed raro bilobata differt. — Typus: Phonsena 1 Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 4002, Thailand; corresponding author e-mail: pranom @ kku. ac. th. & Boonsuk 6418 (holo KKU; iso BK, BKF, C, L), Thailand, Bueng Kan, Phu Wua Wildlife Sanctuary, alt. 400 m, 25 Sept. 2009. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the 2 - lobed corm. Solitary perennial herb, 40 – 50 (– 75) cm tall with a 2 - lobed corm. Corm - lobes yellowish brown, subglobose, (0.8 –) 1 – 1.5 by (1.2 –) 1.5 – 2.3 cm, containing starch grains. Leave s (2 –) 3 – 4 per plant, linear or subterete, (12 –) 25 – 37 cm by 2 – 2.3 mm, with a ligule; blade smooth, margin entire, apex bluntly oblique to acute. Scape terete, subterete below the spike, 1 – 1.5 mm diam. Spike obovoid to ellipsoid, (0.8 –) 1.2 – 1.8 by 0.5 – 0.9 cm. Sterile bracts 6 – 12, pale brown to reddish brown, ovate to obovate, 4 – 7 by 3 – 5 mm, margin entire, apex lacerate. Fertile bracts pale brown to reddish brown, ovate to obovate, 6 – 8 by 5 – 7 mm, margin entire, apex lacerate; stomate field triangular, 1.8 – 2.1 by 1.5 – 2.5 mm. Lateral s epals hyaline or pale brown, 5 – 6 by 1 – 1.5 mm, without or with a minute crest. Petal limbs yellow, obovate, 10 – 12 by 8 – 10 mm, margin distally lacerate. Staminodia bibrachiate, branches elongate-penicillate, c. 4 mm long. Anthers oblong, 2 – 3 mm long, shallowly bifid, deeply sagittate, filaments 1 – 1.5 mm long. Style terete, 5 – 6 mm long, distally 3 - branched, branches c. 3 mm long. Capsule dark brown, obovoid, 3 – 3.4 by 2 – 2.2 mm. Seeds reddish brown, translucent, ellipsoid, c. 0.6 mm long, 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam, with 13 – 15 longitudinal ridges and 1 – 3 transverse ridges between the longitudinal ridges. Distribution — Endemic to Thailand, known only from North-Eastern: Bueng Kan (Phu Wua Wildlife Sanctuary, Si Wilai). Habitat & Ecology — On open, sandy soil, wet places in dry dipterocarp forest, at 180 – 450 m altitude. Phenology — Flowering: September to November, between the late rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. The flowers open in the late morning at 11.30 a. m. and persist until 4.30 p. m. Vernacular name — Kathin phu wua. Specimens examined. Bueng Kan (Si Wilai, Na Sing, Ban Na Sai): Phonsena 6699 (BK, KEP, KKU, L), 180 m alt., 18 ° 15 ' N, 103 ° 46 ' E, 31 Dec. 2010; Phonsena & Boonsuk 6628 (BKF, C, L), 180 m alt., 28 Nov. 2010; Phonsena & Sutthisaksopon 6543 (KKU), 8 Aug. 2010; Phonsena & Sutthisaksopon 6568 (BM, C, K, KKU, QBG), 8 Oct. 2010. Bueng Kan (Bung Khla, Phu Wua Wildlife Sanctuary): Phonsena & Boonsuk 6418 (BK, BKF, C, K, KKU, L, QBG), 450 m alt., 18 ° 14 ' N, 103 ° 58 ' E, 29 Sept. 2009. Conservation status — Xyris bituberosa is endemic to Thailand, recorded from two localities, one within a wildlife sanctuary, and the other from disturbed dry dipterocarp forest near villages. The habitat outside the sanctuary has been disturbed by farming activities which appear to be causing its rapid decline, but the population within the sanctuary is well protected. A rating of Endangered (EN, IUCN 2001) is merited. Note — Xyris bituberosa resembles X. tuberosa Ridl., a species also with a tuber (underground corm-shaped stem), which is distributed in North-Eastern, Eastern and Peninsular Thailand. The latter species, however, differs in having simple (sometimes aggregated) and smaller tubers, and ensiform leaves.	en	Chantaranothai, P., Meesawat, A. (2012): Four new species of Xyris (Xyridaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 57 (2): 116-124, DOI: 10.3767/000651912X654191, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651912x654191
03F787EDFF8D672246F1F8E1FACF2E9A.taxon	description	A congeneribus asiaticis euronotis bracteis pentastichis non imbricatis differt. Bracteae fertiles X. wallichii similissimae in area stomatosa angusta infra-apicali, sed in posteriore angustiore (in priore 2 – 3 - plo longa latiore, versus 3 – 10 - plo in posteriore) et petali limbo fimbriato non integro. — Typus: Phonsena & Sutthisaksopon 6567 (holo KKU; iso BK, BKF, C, L, QBG), Thailand, Bueng Kan, Si Wilai, Na Sing, Ban Na Sai, alt. 180 m, 8 Oct. 2010. 1 mm 0.1 mm Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Bueng Kan, the newest province of Thailand, where the type specimens were collected. Caespitose perennial herb, 20 – 50 cm tall. Leave s 5 – 35 per plant, ensiform, (8 –) 15 – 22 cm by 2 – 5 mm, ligulate; blade smooth, margin entire, apex bluntly oblique to acute. Scape terete, 1 – 1.3 mm thick. Spike ellipsoid, 0.9 – 1.3 by 0.3 – 0.7 cm. Sterile bracts 6 – 11, in 5 rows, pale brown with hyaline margin, ovate, 4 – 7 by 2 – 3 mm, margin entire. Fertile bracts in 5 rows, pale brown with hyaline margin, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 7 – 12 by 3 – 5 mm, margin entire; stomate field triangular, 5 – 8 by 2 – 3 mm. Lateral sepals hyaline, 7 – 9 by 1.3 – 2 mm with narrow, distantly shortly serrate or entire crest. Petal limbs yellow, obovate to elliptic, 11 – 14 by 8 – 10 mm, margin fimbriate. Staminodia bibrachiate, branches elongate-penicillate, 3 – 4 mm long. Anthers oblong, 2 – 3 mm long, shallowly bifid, deeply sagittate; filaments c. 1 mm long. Style terete, 7 – 8.5 mm long, distally 3 - branched, branches 3 – 3.5 mm long. Capsules dark brown, obovoid, 7 – 8 by 2 – 3 mm. Seeds brown, translucent, ellipsoid, slightly twisted at apex, 0.4 – 0.6 mm long, 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam, with 11 – 14 (– 15) longitudinal ridges and with 0 – 2 transverse ridges between the longitudinal ridges. Distribution — Endemic to Thailand, North-Eastern: Bueng Kan (Si Wilai), only known from the type locality. It should be looked for in nearby areas within the Mekong basin of Laos and Thailand. Habitat & Ecology — On open, sandy soil, wet places in dry dipterocarp forest, at 180 m altitude. Phenology — Flowering: September to November, between the late rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. The flowers open at about 10.30 a. m. and persist until 4.30 p. m. Vernacular name — Kathin bueng kan. Specimens examined. Bueng Kan (Si Wilai, Na Sing, Ban Na Sai, 180 m alt., 18 ° 15 ' N, 103 ° 46 ' E): Phonsena 6700 (BKF, KEP, KKU, L), 31 Dec. 2010; Phonsena & Boonsuk 6423 (BK, BKF, C, KKU, L), 25 Sept. 2009; Phonsena & Boonsuk 6627 (BKF, KKU, QBG), 28 Nov. 2010; Phonsena & Sutthisaksopon 6542 (BKF, KKU), 8 Aug. 2010; Phonsena & Sutthisaksopon 6567 (BK, BKF, C, K, KKU, L, QBG), 8 Oct. 2010. Conservation status — Xyris buengkanensis is endemic to Thailand, and is so far known from only one locality. Its extent of occurrence is estimated as to be less than 100 km 2. Its habitat has been disturbed by farming activities and its occurrence is declining. A rating of Critically Endangered (CR, IUCN 2001) is merited. Note — The bracts of this species are arranged in five rows but in other SE Asian Xyris they are imbricately arranged. The margin of the bract is hyaline, thin, entire in living plants but mostly fimbriate when dry. The fertile bracts of this species are similar to X. wallichii but the stomate field of the fertile bract in this species is 2 – 3 times longer than wide, whereas 3 – 10 times longer than wide in X. wallichii. Xyris buangkanensis differs also in its fimbriate margin of the petals (entire in X. wallichii).	en	Chantaranothai, P., Meesawat, A. (2012): Four new species of Xyris (Xyridaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 57 (2): 116-124, DOI: 10.3767/000651912X654191, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651912x654191
03F787EDFF8A672F46F1FC9EFE012D9A.taxon	description	Xyridi lobbii similissima bracteis fertilibus apice emarginato, sed margine lacerato non integro differt. Xyridi complanatae quoque similissima bracteae fertilis margine, sed ab ea folii aciebus et scapo laevi non tuberculoso differt. — Typus: Phonsena & Boonsuk 6585 (holo KKU; iso BK, BKF, C, K, L, QBG), Thailand, Bueng Kan, Bueng Khong Long, Pho Mak Khaeng, Ban Dong Chomphu, alt. 180 m, 25 Oct. 2010. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the emarginate apex of the fertile bracts. Caespitose perennial herb, 30 – 40 (– 45) cm tall, base dilated, bulbous. Bulb ovoid, 0.6 – 1 by 0.4 – 0.6 cm. Leave s 2 – 4 per plant, linear, twisted, 10 – 20 cm by 1.5 – 2.2 mm, with a ligule; blade smooth, margin entire, apex bluntly oblique to acute. Scape terete, 1 – 1.5 mm thick, smooth. Spike ellipsoid, 0.8 – 1.5 by 0.5 – 1 cm. Sterile bracts 8 – 12, reddish brown to brown, obovate, 3 – 6 by 2 – 4 mm, margin entire. Fertile bracts reddish brown to brown, ovate, 7 – 8 by 4 – 5.5 mm, margin entire, apex emarginate; stomate field ovate, 2.5 – 3 by 1.2 – 2 mm. Lateral s epals pale brown, 7 – 8 by 1.5 – 2 mm, crest coarsely and distantly serrate. Petal limbs bright yellow, obovate, 8 – 10 by 7 – 8 mm, margin fimbriate. Staminodia bibrachiate, branches elongate-penicillate, 3 – 3.5 mm long. Anthers oblong, c. 3 mm long, shallowly bifid, deeply sagittate; filaments 1 – 1.5 mm long. Style terete, 7 – 8.5 mm long, distally 3 - branched, branches 3 – 3.5 mm long. Capsules dark brown, obovoid, 3 – 5 by 2 – 3 mm. Seeds brown to dark brown, translucent, narrowly ellipsoid to oblong, 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, 0.2 – 0.3 mm diam, with 13 – 15 longitudinal ridges and with 0 – 4 transverse ridges between the longitudinal ridges. Distribution — Endemic to Thailand, North-Eastern: Bueng Khong Long, only known from the type locality. It may be assumed that it has a wider distribution in nearby areas along the Mekong basin of Laos and Thailand. Habitat & Ecology — On open, sandy soil, in wet places in dry dipterocarp forest, at 180 m altitude. Phenology — Flowering and fruiting: October to December, between the late rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. The flowers open in the morning at 08.30 a. m. and persist until 12.30 p. m. Vernacular name — Kathin khok. Specimens examined. Bueng Kan (Bueng Khong Long, Pho Mak Khaeng, Ban Dong Chomphu, 180 m alt., 17 ° 58 ' N, 104 ° 05 ' E): Phonsena 6704 (KKU), mm 31 Dec. 2010; Phonsena & Boonsuk 6585 (BK, BKF, C, K, KKU, L, QBG), 25 Oct. 2010; Phonsena & Boonsuk 6622 (BKF, KEP, L), 28 Nov. 2010. Conservation status — Xyris emarginata is known from a restricted area which is under pressure from agricultural and urban development. The extent of occurrence is estimated as to be less than 100 km 2. A rating of Critically Endangered (CR, IUCN 2001) is merited. Note — The fertile bracts of X. emarginata resemble those of X. lobbii Rendle in its emarginate apex, but differ in its lacerate margin (entire in X. lobbii). The margin of the fertile bracts also resemble those found in X. complanata, but the new species differs from the latter in the leaf margin and the scape being smooth, not rough with tubercles.	en	Chantaranothai, P., Meesawat, A. (2012): Four new species of Xyris (Xyridaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 57 (2): 116-124, DOI: 10.3767/000651912X654191, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651912x654191
03F787EDFF87672F443BFD9EFB272E1E.taxon	description	Xyridi linifoliae similis habitu cormo subterraneo, sed foliis linearibus (versus teretis), folii marginibus papillosis (versus laevibus) differt. — Typus: Phonsena 6444 (holo KKU; iso BK, BKF, L), Thailand, Loei, Phu Kradueng National Park, trail from Lang Pae to Pha Mak Duk, 1280 m, 28 Oct. 2009. Solitary perennial herb, 25 – 50 (– 70) cm tall, base abruptly dilated and bulbous. Bulb ovoid, 1.6 – 2.5 by 0.9 – 1.8 cm. Leave s (2 –) 3 per plant, linear, flattened, twisted, 20 – 50 cm by 1.5 – 2.2 mm, without a ligule; blade smooth, margin papillose or finely serrate, apex bluntly oblique to acute. Scape terete, 1.6 – 2 mm thick. Spike ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.1 – 1.6 by 0.7 – 1 cm. Sterile bracts 4 – 7, reddish- to blackish brown, obovate to circular, 4 – 6 by 3 – 6 mm, margin entire, apex lacerate or entire. Fertile bracts reddish- to blackish brown, ovate, 5 – 6 by 4 – 5 mm, margin entire, apex lacerate or entire; stomate field triangular, 1.4 – 1.6 by 0.9 – 1.2 mm. Lateral s epals hyaline or brown, 5 – 7 by c. 1 mm, crest entire. Petal limbs yellow, obovate, 10 – 13 by 8 – 9 mm, margin distally lacerate. Staminodia bibrachiate, branches elongate-penicillate, 3.5 – 4 mm long. Anthers oblong, c. 2.5 mm long, shallowly bifid, deeply sagittate, filaments 1.5 – 2 mm long. Style terete, 6.5 – 7 mm long, distally 3 - branched, branches c. 3 mm long. Capsules brown, obovoid, 4 – 5 by 2 – 3 mm. Seeds reddish brown, translucent, narrowly ellipsoid, 0.9 – 1.1 mm long, 0.3 – 0.4 mm diam, with 14 – 15 longitudinal ridges and with 1 – 4 transverse ridges between the longitudinal ridges. Distribution — Endemic to North-Eastern Thailand, known only from a restricted area in Phu Kradueng National Park and Phu Ruea National Park. Habitat & Ecology — On open places, among grasses in lower montane pine-oak forest at 1187 – 1280 m altitude. Phenology — Flowering: September to November, between the late rainy season and the beginning of the dry season. The flowers open in the afternoon at 2.00 p. m. and persist until 5.00 p. m. Vernacular name — Kathin phu. Specimens examined. Loei (Phu Kradueng National Park, trail from Lang Pae to Pha Mak Duk, 1280 m alt., 16 ° 53 ' N, 101 ° 49 ' E): Phonsena 6444 (BK, BKF, KKU, L), 28 Oct. 2009; Phonsena 6588 (BK, BKF, K, QBG), 13 Nov. 2010. Loei (Phu Ruea National Park, Phu Son Camping Ground, 1187 m alt., 17 ° 30 ' N, 101 ° 20 ' E): Phonsena & Sutthisaksopon 6759 (BKF, KKU), 1 Oct. 2011. Conservation status — Xyris thailandica is endemic to Thailand, recorded only from Phu Kradueng National Park and Phu Ruea National Park. Its extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than 50 km 2, but the population in these national parks are well protected. A rating of Endangered (EN, IUCN 2001) is merited. Note — Xyris thailandica is similar to X. linifolia by having a bulbous underground stem, but differs in its flat, linear leaves (terete in X. linifolia) and in its papillose margin of the leaves (entire in X. linifolia). Xyris thailandica is a montane species, occurring above 1 000 m altitude whereas X. linifolia occurs in the lowland, between 180 – 200 m altitude.	en	Chantaranothai, P., Meesawat, A. (2012): Four new species of Xyris (Xyridaceae) from Thailand. Blumea 57 (2): 116-124, DOI: 10.3767/000651912X654191, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651912x654191
