identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038287B8FFEBFFFEFF6BFADD8A59FE81.text	038287B8FFEBFFFEFF6BFADD8A59FE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmosidae Fox 1894	<div><p>Family Myrmosidae Fox, 1894</p><p>Myrmosids are morphologically distinct from mutillids (Krombein 1940; Reid 1941; Kumpanenko et al. 2022; Waldren et al. 2023). The status of this taxon has been controversial (Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017; Waldren et al. 2023). Previous cladistic frameworks generally treated it as a subfamily of Mutillidae (Brothers 1975; Brothers &amp; Carpenter 1993; Lelej &amp; Nemkov 1997; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017). Morphologically, the sister-relationship of Myrmosinae and the remaining mutillid subfamilies is well supported by unique synapomorphies (Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017). However, recent molecular phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses often suggest the family-level status of myrmosines (Pilgrim et al. 2008; Debevec et al. 2012; Branstetter et al. 2017), although the placement of Myrmosidae within Pompiloidea is unstable. With extended taxon sampling and ultraconserved element phylogenomic approach, Waldren et al. (2023) concluded that the full-family status of Myrmosidae was reasonable and well-supported since this taxon was recovered as sister to Sapygidae or Pompilidae + Sapygidae . We followed this treatment and regarded myrmosids as a distinct family, with Kudakrumiinae Krombein, 1979 and Myrmosinae as its subfamilies. See Brothers &amp; Lelej (2017) and Waldren et al. (2023) for further discussion on this issue.</p><p>This family was previously considered to be exclusively distributed in the Holarctic Region (Krombein 1940; Pagliano et al. 2020). In the Oriental Region, myrmosids had previously been recorded from South Asia only and were represented by two kudakrumiine genera, Kudakrumia Krombein, 1979 and Nothomyrmosa Krombein, 1979 (Krombein 1979; Lelej 2005), except for Taimyrmosa Lelej, 2005 ( Myrmosinae) which had one species from Taiwan (Lelej 2005). Surprisingly, Williams et al. (2019c) discovered Kudakrumia and the Palaearctic genus Krombeinella Pate, 1947 ( Myrmosinae) from Thailand and Vietnam. Because myrmosids lack traditional diagnostic features of velvet ants (e.g., felt line on the second metasomal segment), males can be easily confused with tiphiid and thynnid wasps (Williams et al. 2019c). Therefore, diverse elements of this family might eventually be found after careful examination of Malaise-trap and yellow pan-trap samples from Southeast Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFEBFFFEFF6BFADD8A59FE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFE8FFFEFF6BFC028A74F9AA.text	038287B8FFE8FFFEFF6BFC028A74F9AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kudakrumia loaibonho Williams, Lelej & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>Kudakrumia loaibonho Williams, Lelej &amp; Thaochan, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EFF272C7-EC74-4A45-BBC7-3754D0E20051</p><p>(Fig. 2A)</p><p>Kudakrumia loaibonho Williams, Lelej &amp; Thaochan, 2019c: 527, ♂, holotype ♂ ( Nui Chua National Park, Ninh Thuan, Vietnam) [RMNH].</p><p>Material examined. 2♂. Holotype ♂: Vietnam: NINH THUAN: Nui Chua National Park, northwest part, c. 150 m, 24–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., Malaise trap 17 [RMNH] . Paratype: Vietnam: NINH THUAN: Nui Chua National Park, northwest part, c. 150 m, 24–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., Malaise trap 17 [1♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimens (Williams et al. 2019c).</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Ninh Thuan by Williams et al. (2019c).</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam: Ninh Thuan.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregion. ca. 150 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is one of four described species of Kudakrumia . The two East Asian species, Ku. loaibonho and Ku. malaenglek Williams, Lelej &amp; Thaochan, 2019 (Thailand), have been collected from dry habitats during the dry season and are likely arid-adapted species (Williams et al. 2019c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFE8FFFEFF6BFC028A74F9AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFE8FFFEFF6BFEF28C36FCD1.text	038287B8FFE8FFFEFF6BFEF28C36FCD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kudakrumiinae Krombein 1979	<div><p>Subfamily Kudakrumiinae Krombein, 1979</p><p>Genus Kudakrumia Krombein, 1979</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 34DA23A6-4DFF-473E-B943-202A579D0673</p><p>Kudakrumia Krombein, 1979: 74, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 20; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 31; Kumar et al. 2019: 261, ♂ ♀; Williams et al. 2019c: 526, ♂; Pagliano et al. 2020: 14. Type species: Kudakrumia mirabilis Krombein, 1979 (♂ ♀, holotype ♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus is restricted to the Oriental Region, with two species from South Asia (India and Sri Lanka) and two from Southeast Asia (Thailand and Vietnam) (Krombein 1979; Kumar et al. 2019; Williams et al. 2019c).</p><p>Remarks. Identification keys to the Old World genera and species of Kudakrumiinae were provided by Kumar et al. (2019) and Williams et al. (2019c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFE8FFFEFF6BFEF28C36FCD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFE8FFFFFF6BF9E68D82FE81.text	038287B8FFE8FFFFFF6BF9E68D82FE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmosinae Fox 1894	<div><p>Subfamily Myrmosinae Fox, 1894</p><p>Genus Krombeinella Pate, 1947</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 04C11BAA-B70F-45B4-AD15-7BCE770A550B</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6A368099-FD20-4B9F-9A22-A131748B8CB9</p><p>Myrmosa (Krombeinella) Pate, 1947: 197, ♂ ♀. Type species: Hylaeus thoracicus Fabricius, 1793 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Myrmosa (Paramyrmosa) Suárez, 1963 (nom. preocc., non de Saussure 1880): 114, ♂ ♀. Type species: Hylaeus thoracicus Fabricius, 1793 (♂), by original designation. Synonymized by Krombein (1976: 258) under Myrmosa (Krombeinella) Pate, 1947 .</p><p>Krombeinella: Lelej 1985: 57; Lelej 2002: 17; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 31; Williams et al. 2019c: 527, ♂; Pagliano et al. 2020: 16.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes 19 species, most of which are western Palaearctic in distribution (Lelej 1985, 2002; Suárez &amp; Nonveiller 1988; Williams et al. 2019c; Parejo-Pulido &amp; Romano 2022). Williams et al. (2019c) discovered the first Oriental species in southern Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Williams et al. (2019c) provided a key to all known males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFE8FFFFFF6BF9E68D82FE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFE9FFFFFF6BFA598AFEF86D.text	038287B8FFE9FFFFFF6BFA598AFEF86D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinella brothersi Williams, Lelej & Thaochan 2019	<div><p>Krombeinella brothersi Williams, Lelej &amp; Thaochan, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 53FB1C86-10BB-497F-83CC-11165365CE88</p><p>(Figs 2B, 2C)</p><p>Krombeinella brothersi Williams, Lelej &amp; Thaochan, 2019c: 529, ♂, holotype ♂ ( Dong trail, Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai, Vietnam) [RMNH].</p><p>Material examined. 1♂. Holotype ♂: Vietnam: DONG NAI: Cat Tien National Park, Dong trail, c. 100 m, 1– 8.IV.2007, Mai Phu Quy and Nguyen Thanh Manh leg., Malaise traps [RMNH].</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimen (Williams et al. 2019c).</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Dong Nai by Williams et al. (2019c).</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam: Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April. Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregion. ca. 100 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This is the only Oriental species of the genus. This species, like two Kudakrumia species known from East Asia, was collected from dry habitat during the dry season (Williams et al. 2019c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFE9FFFFFF6BFA598AFEF86D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFF0B8D47FEDD.text	038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFF0B8D47FEDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mutillidae Latreille 1802	<div><p>Family Mutillidae Latreille, 1802</p><p>Unlike Myrmosidae, this family is widespread in the world, except arctic regions. Brothers &amp; Lelej (2017) recognized eight subfamilies (including Myrmosinae) within it. Waldren et al. (2023) proposed a different higher-classification system, with eight subfamilies (excluding Myrmosidae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFF0B8D47FEDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFB748D6BF8C0.text	038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFB748D6BF8C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pherotilla brothersi Zhou, Lelej & Xu 2017	<div><p>Pherotilla brothersi Zhou, Lelej &amp; Xu, 2017</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 39D34F6D-D41E-46F4-9A37-A2E3E5ACA331</p><p>(Figs 3A, 3B)</p><p>Pherotilla brothersi Zhou, Lelej &amp; Xu, 2017: 588, ♂, holotype ♂ (Nabanhe National Nature Reserve, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China) [SCAU]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 25.</p><p>Material examined. 5♂. Vietnam: DONG NAI: Cat Tien Natl. Park, ca. 1 km along trail to Crocodile Lake, 120 m, 26–31.VIII.1998, B. Hubley leg., ROM 982014 [1♂ ROM] ; BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4–5.I.2002, K. Okajima leg., Malaise trap [4♂ TUA] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Zhou et al. (2017) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Dong Nai, Ba Ria-Vung Tau.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, August. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 120 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from southern China and is newly recorded from Vietnam. No notable variation was detected from the specimens examined herein.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFB748D6BF8C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFE0F8A9CFB0B.text	038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFE0F8A9CFB0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalomutillinae Schuster 1949	<div><p>Subfamily Rhopalomutillinae Schuster, 1949</p><p>This small subfamily is widespread in the Afrotropical and Oriental Regions. This subfamily had been represented by the single genus Rhopalomutilla André, 1901 until Brothers (2015) revised the genus-level classification and recognized four genera. The genus Pherotilla Brothers, 2015 is distributed in both regions, while the other three genera are known from the Afrotropical Region only (Brothers 2015). Hosts and other ecological features are unknown for the entire subfamily. However, the body shape and color of rhopalomutilline females are suggestive of subterranean habitats and potential myrmecophily (Brothers 1989, 2015). Although rhopalomutillines are generally rarely sampled, males can be abundant in East Asian tropical forests and collected in Malaise traps in large numbers (JO pers. obs.).</p><p>Genus Pherotilla Brothers, 2015</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B716E7F3-C2A0-4CF9-81A3-10F101AE05CD</p><p>Pherotilla Brothers, 2015: 10, ♂ ♀; Brothers et al. 2019: 582; Pagliano et al. 2020: 25. Type species: Rhopalomutilla mlanjeana Bischoff, 1920 (♂ ♀, syntypes ♂ ♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes six species, two from the Afrotropical Region and the other four from the Oriental Region (Brothers 2015; Zhou et al. 2017). Brothers (2015) recognized an additional five undescribed species.</p><p>Remarks. An identification key to the Oriental species was provided by Zhou et al. (2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFEEFFF8FF6BFE0F8A9CFB0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFECFFFAFF6BFF0B8EA9FC28.text	038287B8FFECFFFAFF6BFF0B8EA9FC28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pherotilla striganovae (Lelej 2012)	<div><p>Pherotilla striganovae (Lelej, 2012)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 04726A7E-09D5-4B87-84BE-3FA81C2C721C</p><p>(Figs 3C, 3D)</p><p>Rhopalomutilla striganovae Lelej, 2012: 144, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Cat Tien National Park, Nam Cat Tien sector, Dong Nai, Vietnam) [ZISP].</p><p>Pherotilla striganovae: Brothers 2015: 13; Zhou et al. 2 017: 588, ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 312, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 11, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 25; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 4♀. Vietnam: DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 500 m, 3–9.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♀ RMNH]; Chu Yang Sin NP, Krong K’Mar, 760 m, 21–26.X.2005, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♀, RMNH]; DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, Dong trail, 100 m, 13–19.V.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♀, RMNH]; Cat Tien NP, Ficus trail, 100 m, 1–9.X.2005, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♀, RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Zhou et al. (2017) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Dong Nai by Lelej (2012).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand. Vietnam: Dong Nai, Dak Lak *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, February, May, June, October. Southern Annamites montane rain forests and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 100–760 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was recognized by Williams et al. (2019b) based on a pair in copula but has not been formally associated and described yet.</p><p>Remarks. The holotype of this species was collected from the litter in a semi-deciduous forest in southern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFECFFFAFF6BFF0B8EA9FC28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFECFFFAFF6BFB998DA3F934.text	038287B8FFECFFFAFF6BFB998DA3F934.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeropthalminae Schuster 1949	<div><p>Subfamily Sphaeropthalminae Schuster, 1949</p><p>This subfamily was classified into three tribes by Brothers &amp; Lelej (2017), namely Dasymutillini Brothers &amp; Lelej, 2017, Pseudomethocini Brothers, 1975 (subdivided into Euspinoliina Brothers &amp; Lelej, 2017 and Pseudomethocina), and Sphaeropthalmini Schuster, 1949 . However, based on phylogenomic analysis, Waldren et al. (2023) recognized Dasymutillini, Ephutini Ashmead, 1903 (transferred from Mutillinae: Mutillini), Euspinoliini, Pseudomethocini, Sphaeropthalmini, and six unnamed clades within this subfamily. Morphological reassessment of the tribal classification would be awaited.</p><p>This is apparently the most diverse subfamily in the Americas (Pagliano et al. 2020; Williams et al. 2024). In the Old World and the Australasian Region, this subfamily is represented by the genera Cystomutilla André, 1896, Hemutilla Lelej, Tu &amp; Chen in Tu et al., 2014 ( Sphaeropthalmini), and nine genera that were previously placed in Dasymutillini but not assigned to a tribe in the recent classification (Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017; Waldren et al. 2023). These nine genera are predominantly distributed in the Australasian Region, and few species are known from Wallacea (Lelej 2005, 2024; Brothers 2022). In East Asia, one Cystomutilla species and six Hemutilla species have been recorded from China, South Korea, and Japan (Tu et al. 2014; Zhou et al. 2018a). The records of Hemutilla given below represent the southernmost range of this genus. Formerly, the genera Cockerellidia Lelej &amp; Krombein, 1999 and Karlidia Lelej in Lelej &amp; Krombein, 1999 known from Southeast Asia were placed in the Pseudomethocini (Lelej &amp; Krombein 1999). They were subsequently assigned to the subtribe Ephutina of Mutillini Latreille, 1802 (Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017) and now to Odontomutillinae (Waldren et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFECFFFAFF6BFB998DA3F934	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFECFFFBFF6BF9658C08FE15.text	038287B8FFECFFFBFF6BF9658C08FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaeropthalmini Schuster 1949	<div><p>Tribe Sphaeropthalmini Schuster, 1949</p><p>Genus Hemutilla Lelej, Tu &amp; Chen in Tu et al., 2014 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3770A069-74D3-4EC3-9EBF-D04C6A31BEED</p><p>Hemutilla Lelej, Tu &amp; Chen in Tu et al., 2014: 76, ♂ ♀; Brothers et al. 2019: 581; Pagliano et al. 2020: 28. Type species: Hemutilla granulata Tu, Lelej &amp; Chen, 2014 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes six species known from China (both Palaearctic and Oriental parts) and Taiwan (Tu et al. 2014). Two species, H. bifurcata (Chen, 1957) and H. granulata Tu, Lelej &amp; Chen, 2014, are newly recognized from Vietnam in this study.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Tu et al. (2014). The first record of the genus and the subfamily from Vietnam is presented below. Hosts are unknown for this genus. The species of the other Old World sphaeropthalmine genus Cystomutilla are known to parasitize cavity-nesting apoid wasps ( Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) (Borries 1892; Ferton 1908; Lelej 1985; Gôukon 1993).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFECFFFBFF6BF9658C08FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFEDFFFBFF6BFE468D30FB33.text	038287B8FFEDFFFBFF6BFE468D30FB33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemutilla bifurcata (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Hemutilla bifurcata (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C38A8AA6-162E-4420-A0C4-1DBA6CF68445</p><p>(Figs 3E, 3F)</p><p>Cystomutilla bifurcata Chen, 1957: 152, ♀, holotype ♀ (Tachulan [= Dazhulan], Showu, Fukien [= Fujian], China) [unknown]; Lelej 2005: 107; Hua 2006: 299.</p><p>Hemutilla bifurcata: Tu et al. 2014: 87, ♀; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 57, ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 306, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 28.</p><p>Material examined. 2♀. Vietnam: THUA THIEN HUE: near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.86&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.86/lat 16.198)">Bach Ma National Park</a>, 19 km point, 16.198°N 107.860°E, 1400 m alt., 3–6.VIII.2016, Y. Komeda &amp; T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 253/BTTNVN [1♀ VNMN] ; LAM DONG: Bao Loc, Dambri, 26.XII.2001, K. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Tu et al. (2014) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Thua Thien Hue, Lam Dong.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. August, December. Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests and Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregions. 1400 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The type specimens of this species were not found in TARI, where Chen’s types are presently deposited (JO pers. obs.). Before this study, Hemutilla was known from China and Taiwan only. The record from Lam Dong expands its distributional range to southern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFEDFFFBFF6BFE468D30FB33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFEDFFFBFF6BFA9D8B18F87D.text	038287B8FFEDFFFBFF6BFA9D8B18F87D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemutilla granulata Tu, Lelej & Chen 2014	<div><p>Hemutilla granulata Tu, Lelej &amp; Chen, 2014</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F9084546-FA7B-4A62-BD84-5A3B68EFC4EE</p><p>(Figs 3G, 3H)</p><p>Hemutilla granulata Tu et al., 2014: 78, ♂, holotype ♂ (Fengyang Mountain, Zhejiang, China) [ZJUH]; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 57, ♂; Brothers et al. 2019: 581; Pagliano et al. 2020: 29.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂. Vietnam: THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma Natl. Pk., ca. 1 km NE along trail behind upper guesthouse, semi-tropical evergreen forest, 16°11'15"N 107°51'17"E, 1200 m, 3–17.VI.2000, B. Hubley leg., Malaise trap (fine) head, ROM 2000504 [1♂ ROM] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Tu et al. (2014) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Thua Thien Hue.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. June. Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests ecoregion. 1200 m alt. Semi-tropical evergreen forest.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown. This species has been collected from the same localities (but different date) with H. bifurcata, i.e., Mt. Fengyang-shan, Zhejiang, China and Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam (Tu et al. 2014; this study). They are the only Hemutilla species ever recorded from Vietnam, while other species are found in southern China and Taiwan. Hence, they are likely conspecific. However, proposal of a new synonymy is beyond the focus of this paper.</p><p>Remarks. This species was previously known from a single locality in southern China (Tu et al. 2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFEDFFFBFF6BFA9D8B18F87D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF2FFE4FF6BFF0B8D6BFBD2.text	038287B8FFF2FFE4FF6BFF0B8D6BFBD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dasylabrinae Invrea 1964	<div><p>Subfamily Dasylabrinae Invrea, 1964</p><p>This subfamily was classified into two tribes (Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017), namely Apteromutillini Brothers &amp; Lelej, 2017 and Dasylabrini Invrea, 1964. The former is restricted to South Africa, while the latter is widespread in the Old World (Pagliano et al. 2020). Waldren et al. (2023) examined seven out of ten dasylabrine genera and found that Apteromutillini was nested in Dasylabrini, making the latter a paraphyletic group. There is presently no tribal distinction in this subfamily. Dasylabrines are predominantly found in arid regions (Pagliano et al. 2020). In the Oriental Region, this subfamily is represented by the genera Dasylabris Radoszkowski, 1885, Orientilla Lelej, 1979, and Tricholabiodes Radoszkowski, 1885 . The genus Orientilla is the only Southeast Asian taxon; Dasylabris is known from South Asia and China and Tricholabiodes is found in Sri Lanka and western India only (Lelej 2005; Okayasu 2023b).</p><p>Genus Orientilla Lelej, 1979</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 479EFED7-DAAD-4157-871C-F799FC7BFF4B</p><p>Orientilla Lelej, 1979: 1066, ♀; Lelej 1996a: 103, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 101; Lelej 2005: 111; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 42; Pagliano et al. 2020: 131. Type species: Orientilla vietnamica Lelej, 1979 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes 14 species widely distributed in the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic Regions (Lelej 1996a, 2005; Okayasu 2023b). There is only one species from the Australasian Region (Brothers 2022).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Lelej (1996a). An updated key to the females was provided by Okayasu (2023b). This genus is closely related to the Afrotropical and western Palaearctic genus Stenomutilla André, 1896 (Lelej 1996a; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017; Waldren et al. 2023). Stenomutilla species are known as parasitoids of bees and wasps constructing their nests with mud or in pre-existing cavities or limacodid moth cocoons ( Lepidoptera) in the soil or on twigs (Okayasu 2023b and references therein).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF2FFE4FF6BFF0B8D6BFBD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF2FFE6FF6BFB3C8A52FDFD.text	038287B8FFF2FFE6FF6BFB3C8A52FDFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientilla desponsa (Smith 1855)	<div><p>Orientilla desponsa (Smith, 1855)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D8A0B4BA-9EBC-40CB-9D58-719DBBCC8100</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1EB23ADE-BE84-4141-932C-7E21C60708BA</p><p>(Figs 4A–4D)</p><p>Mutilla desponsa Smith, 1855: 38, ♂, syntypes ♂ (North China) [NHMUK]; Dalla Torre 1897: 31. Synonymized by Lelej (1996a: 106) under Orientilla variegata (Smith, 1855) . Resurrected to valid species status by Lelej (2005: 111).</p><p>Mutilla variegata Smith, 1855: 39, ♀, syntypes ♀ (North China) [NHMUK]; Dalla Torre 1897: 95. Synonymized by André (1909: 179) under Stenomutilla desponsa (Smith, 1855) .</p><p>Stenomutilla desponsa: André 1909: 179, ♂ ♀; Mickel 1933c: 324, ♂; Wu 1941: 135; Yasumatsu 1948: 73, ♂; Chen 1957: 220, ♂; Murota 1973: 119, ♂; He et al. 2004: 961, ♂.</p><p>Stenomutilla variegata: Mickel 1933c: 323, ♀; Wu 1941: 135; Chen 1957: 220, ♀; Murota 1973: 119, ♀; He et al. 2004: 961, ♀.</p><p>Orientilla variegata: Lelej 1979: 1067, ♀; Lelej 1996a: 106, ♂ ♀, part; Lelej 2002: 101.</p><p>Orientilla desponsa: Lelej 2005: 111, part; Hua 2006: 300; Lo Cascio 2015: 554; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 59, ♂ ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 308, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 11; Pagliano et al. 2020: 131; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 74, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 39♂ 2♀. Vietnam: LAO CAI: Van Ban, Liem Phu, 300–700 m, 30.IX.2006, K. Eguchi leg. [2♀ SKYC] ; BAC KAN: Ba Be Natl. Pk. H.Q., forest, 22°34'N 105°37'E, 4–9.VI.2000, D.C. Darling leg., Malaise trap, ROM 2000401 [1♂ ROM]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.63863&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.42483" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.63863/lat 22.42483)">Ba Be</a>, 22°25'29.39"N 105°38'19.09"E, ca 277 m alt., 5.VII.2014, H. Yoshitomi leg. [1♂ EUMJ] ; THAI NGUYEN: Dai Tu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.66419&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.531778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.66419/lat 21.531778)">Cat Ne</a>, 21°31'54.4"N 105°39'51.1"E, 20–25.VIII.2007, Malaise trap [2♂ IEBR] ; Minh Tien, 25.V.2007, Malaise trap [1♂ IEBR] ; PHU THO: Viet Tri, 21°22'02.6"N 105°19'15.6"E, 20.X.2018, Ngat T. Tran, Minh P. Nguyen, &amp; Tuan V. Luong leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; VINH PHUC: Ngoc Thanh, Me Linh, 20.VIII.2001, Lam X. Truong leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; 22°16'51"N 105°71'54"E, 1–10.X.2020, IED’s [= Insect Ecology Department’s] collectors leg., Malaise trap [3♂ IEBR]; 21°23'01.7"N 105°42'40.7"E, ca 70 m alt., 11–20.V.2021, IED’s [= Insect Ecology Department’s] collectors leg., Malaise trap [6♂ IEBR]; HOA BINH: Ha Son Binh Prov. [= Hoa Binh], Da Bac, Tuly [= Tu Ly], forest, 21.X.1990, E. Narchuk leg. [1♂ IBSS] ; QUANG TRI: Dak Rong, A Ngo, ca 150–200 m alt., 31.V.2006, IED’s [= Insect Ecology Department’s] collectors leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; GIA LAI: Mang Yang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.31612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.203222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.31612/lat 14.203222)">Kon Ka Kinh National Park</a>, 14°12'11.6"N 108°18'58"E, ca 830 m alt., 19.V–3.VI.2022, Lam V. Tinh leg., Malaise trap [1♂ IEBR] ; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 500 m, 3–9.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [2♂ RMNH]; NINH THUAN: Nui Chua NP, northeast part, 90–150 m, 23–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [18♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Lelej (1996a) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Hoa Binh by Lelej (1996a).</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Vietnam: Lao Cai *, Bac Kan *, Thai Nguyen *, Vinh Phuc *, Phu Tho *, Hoa Binh, Quang Tri *, Gia Lai *, Dak Lak *, Ninh Thuan *. This species was also recorded from Myanmar (Bingham 1897: 30, as M. variegata), but Bingham’s description differs from true Or. desponsa in the body color (Lelej 1979, 1996a).</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May to October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, Luang Prabang montane rain forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregions. 70–830 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from the male as Mutilla desponsa and from the female as Mutilla variegata in the same publication (Smith 1855). They were associated by André (1909), but the evidence of this synonymy was not indicated. This treatment was confirmed by Lelej (1996a) based on males and females collected at the same place.</p><p>Remarks. This is the most widespread and common species of Orientilla .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF2FFE6FF6BFB3C8A52FDFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF0FFE6FF6BFD2E8D9EFA0E.text	038287B8FFF0FFE6FF6BFD2E8D9EFA0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientilla krombeini Lelej 1996	<div><p>Orientilla krombeini Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C539EA3D-9104-4CB2-8319-53D3A6FE37CA</p><p>(Figs 4E, 4F)</p><p>Orientilla krombeini Lelej, 1996a: 105, ♂ ♀, holotype ♀ (Culao Cham, Quangnam-Danang, Vietnam) [IBSS]; Lelej 2005: 112; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 59, ♂ ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 302, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 131.</p><p>Material examined. 4♂. Vietnam: NINH BINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.6/lat 20.35)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, 20°21'N 105°36'E, 200 m, 7–9.V.2002, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♂ IBSS] ; THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma, ca. 800 m alt., 10.VI.2002, Y.Arita leg. [1♂ TUA] ; NINH THUAN: Nui Chua NP, northeast part, 90–150 m, 23–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂, RMNH]; BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Xuyen Moc, Bung Rieng, 3.I.2002, K. Okajima leg. [1♂ TUA] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Lelej (1996a) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Quang Nam by Lelej (1996a).</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam: Ninh Binh *, Thua Thien Hue*, Quang Nam, Ninh Thuan *, Ba Ria-Vung Tau *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, March, May, June. Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregions. 90–800 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes collected at the same place and time.</p><p>Remarks. This is a relatively rare species. It seems to be closely related to Or. desponsa, separated from that species by having slightly different mesoscutellum morphology in males, a narrower head and subtle color differences in females, and a shorter felt line in both sexes (Lelej 1996a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF0FFE6FF6BFD2E8D9EFA0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF0FFE7FF6BFA7F8C38FF49.text	038287B8FFF0FFE7FF6BFA7F8C38FF49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientilla vietnamica Lelej 1979	<div><p>Orientilla vietnamica Lelej, 1979</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FB75D0A2-9C1E-4122-A55D-3A04FAD7E539</p><p>(Figs 4G, 4H)</p><p>Orientilla vietnamica Lelej, 1979: 1066, ♀, holotype ♀ (Nha Trang, S. Annam, Vietnam) [ZISP]; Lelej 1996a: 105, ♀; Lelej 2005: 113; Okayasu et al. 2018: 309, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 11, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 132; Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino 2021: 96, ♀; Thaochan et al. 2022: 164, ♂ ♀; Okayasu 2023b: 822, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Khanh Hoa by Lelej (1979). Williams et al. (2019b) examined an additional specimen from the type locality.</p><p>Distribution. Laos. Myanmar. Thailand. Vietnam: Khanh Hoa.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. September. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregion.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was recognized by Thaochan et al. (2022) but has not been formally associated and described yet.</p><p>Remarks. This species can be separated from other Vietnamese Orientilla by the entirely reddish-orange head in females (Lelej 1996a; Okayasu 2023b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF0FFE7FF6BFA7F8C38FF49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF1FFE7FF6BFEBA8CAEF9E6.text	038287B8FFF1FFE7FF6BFEBA8CAEF9E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomutillinae Lelej 1983	<div><p>Subfamily Odontomutillinae Lelej, 1983</p><p>The taxonomic status of this subfamily has been drastically changed over the years.The genus Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 was placed in Mutillina by Brothers (1975). Later, Lelej (1983) established the tribe Odontomutillini within Dasylabrinae to accommodate Odontomutilla and the Australian genus Odontomyrme Lelej, 1983 . Lelej (1996c) added the genus Yamanetilla Lelej, 1996 to this tribe, which was composed of East Asian species once assigned to Odontomutilla . Lelej &amp; Nemkov (1997) recognized the separate subfamily Ephutinae sister to Dasylabrinae, with Ephutini (composed of the New World genus Ephuta Say, 1836 and related genera) and Odontomutillini as tribes within it. However, Brothers &amp; Lelej (2017) found a close relationship of Ephutinae to Mutillini and downgraded it to subtribal status ( Ephutina). Odontomyrme was transferred to Dasymutillini at the same time, leaving the Ephuta group of genera (Nearctic and Neotropical) and Odontomutilla group of genera (Afrotropical, Australasian, Oriental, and Palaearctic) within Ephutina . Waldren et al. (2023) regarded them as separate taxa, the former as Ephutini in Sphaeropthalminae and the latter as a distinct subfamily. Odontomutillinae was found to be sister to ( Mutillinae + Myrmillinae). This subfamily now includes the following four genera: Cockerellidia, Karlidia, Odontomutilla, and Yamanetilla . Cockerelidia and Karlidia are extremely rare genera and include one species each distributed in Myanmar and Thailand.</p><p>Genus Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 87077B9B-02C0-498C-818A-AE7704196C10</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 24E4D574-50F1-44C7-8A76-ADA390565479</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A1F5A7DF-ECF0-4F25-A914-5240978B6F99</p><p>Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899: 55, ♂ ♀; André 1902b: 28; Ashmead 1903: 327; Bischoff 1920: 245, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 106; Lelej 2005: 114; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 40; Pagliano et al. 2020: 217. Type species: Odontomutilla abbottii Ashmead, 1899 (♂ ♀, syntypes ♂ ♀), by original designation = Mutilla saussurei Sichel &amp; Radoszkowski, 1869 (♂) (syn. by André 1901: 329).</p><p>Mutilla (Odontomutilla): André 1901: 329, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Peringueya Ashmead, 1903: 327, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla erinnys Péringuey, 1898 (♂), by original designation. Synonymized by Bischoff (1920: 245) under Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 .</p><p>Radoszkowskius Ashmead, 1903: 327, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla simplicifascia Sichel &amp; Radoszkowski, 1869 (♂ ♀, lectotype ♀). Synonymized by André (1904: 36) under Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 . Resurrected to valid genus status by Lelej (1996c: 92). Synonymized by Lelej &amp; Brothers (2008: 51) under Odontomutilla Ashmead, 1899 .</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes roughly 80 species known from the Afrotropical, Australasian, Oriental, and southern Palaearctic Regions (Lelej 2002, 2005; Pagliano et al. 2020; Brothers 2022). Twenty species are recorded from East Asia.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was reviewed based on species from Africa (Bischoff 1920 –1921), China (Chen 1957), India (Lelej et al. 2020), and the islands of the Pacific Ocean (Mickel 1935). No comprehensive study has been conducted for the continental Southeast Asian species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF1FFE7FF6BFEBA8CAEF9E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF1FFE0FF6BF9228C58FCC1.text	038287B8FFF1FFE0FF6BF9228C58FCC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomutilla cordigera (Sichel & Radoszkowski 1869)	<div><p>Odontomutilla cordigera (Sichel &amp; Radoszkowski, 1869)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 90F421C3-CF5B-497D-A75D-030366300007</p><p>(Figs 5A, 5B)</p><p>Mutilla cordigera Sichel &amp; Radoszkowski, 1869 –1870: 155, 202, ♀, holotype ♀ (Chine [actually Cochin China = southern Vietnam]) [MNHN]; Dalla Torre 1897: 27, ♀; André 1902b: 29. Synonymized by André (1898: 31) under Mutilla urania Smith, 1857 . Resurrected to valid species status by André (1902b: 29).</p><p>Odontomutilla cordigera: Zavattari 1914: 64, ♀; Mickel 1933c: 302, ♀; Chen 1957: 222; Lelej 2005: 114; Lo Cascio 2015: 553; Okayasu et al. 2018: 311, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 30; Pagliano et al. 2020: 219; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 5♀. Vietnam: VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, 400–500 m, pine forest, 9.VIII.1998, Sk. Yamane leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; NINH BINH: Cuc Phuong, 200–300 m alt., 25.IV.1998, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♀ OMNH] ; GIA LAI: Buon Luoi, tropical forest, VII.1981, L. Medvedev leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; KBang, Son Lang, Dien Bien, Kon Chu Rang NR, Duong di trai bo, 14°31'08"N, 108°28'24"E, ca 840 m alt., 25.VII.2017, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien], VTTT [= Vu Thi Thanh Tam], NQC [= Nguyen Quang Cuong] &amp; NTT [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♀ IEBR]; DONG NAI: National Park Cat Tien, dipterocarp forest, 17.X.2008, V. Zryanin leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Mickel (1933c) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from southern Vietnam by Sichel &amp; Radoszkowski (1869), but additional locality data were unavailable. Later, Lelej (2005) recorded this species from the northern part without reference to voucher specimens.</p><p>Distribution. Laos. Thailand. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc *, Ninh Binh *, Gia Lai *, Dong Nai *. This species was also recorded from Indonesia (Java, Sumatra; André 1902b: 29) and Malaysia (Perak; André 1902b: 29; Zavattari 1914: 64), but these records were based on misidentification (Mickel 1933c).</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April, July, August, October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen ecoregions. 200–840 m alt. Dipterocarp forest, tropical forest, pine forest.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to Odontomutilla uranoides below, but has a wider mesal spot of golden setae on the second metasomal tergum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF1FFE0FF6BF9228C58FCC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF6FFE0FF6BFC3B8FC4F86A.text	038287B8FFF6FFE0FF6BFC3B8FC4F86A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomutilla sinensis (Smith 1855)	<div><p>Odontomutilla sinensis (Smith, 1855)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1FCF7E3A-5901-4BB9-AA6C-17F024EEF595</p><p>(Figs 5C–5F)</p><p>Mutilla sinensis Smith, 1855: 39, ♂ ♀, holotype ♀ (North China) [NHMUK]; Dalla Torre 1897: 86; André 1898: 31.</p><p>Odontomutilla sinensis: André 1902b: 30; Zavattari 1914: 65, ♀; Mickel 1933c: 301, ♂ ♀; Wu 1941: 134; Yasumatsu 1948: 72, ♂ ♀; Hammer 1949: 3, ♂ ♀; Chen 1957: 154, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 106; He et al. 2004: 944, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 116; Hua 2006: 300; Okayasu et al. 2018: 304, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 223; Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino 2021: 119, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 2♂ 11♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.29389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.763334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.29389/lat 22.763334)">Tra Linh</a>, Thang Hen lake, 22°45'48"N 106°17'38"E, 611 m, 3.VIII.2022, IG [= Insect Group] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, 16.IV.1986, Yu. Zaitzev leg. [1♀ IBSS]; Tam Dao, 30.VI.1993, K. Matsumoto leg. [1♀ TUA]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.55/lat 21.516666)">Tam Dao</a>, IV.1995, M. Sato leg. [1♀ EUMJ]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.55/lat 21.516666)">Tam Dao</a>, 960–1230 m, 20.V.1995, A. Shinohara leg. [1♀ NSMT]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.55/lat 21.516666)">Tam Dao</a>, 20.V.1995, E. Sugonyaev leg. [1♀ IBSS]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.55/lat 21.516666)">Tam Dao</a>, 900–1200 m alt., 5.V.1998, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♀ OMNH], 6.V.1998 [1♀ OMNH], 7.V.1998 [1♀ OMNH]; Tam Dao NP, 21°31'N 105°33'E, 25–30.VII.2011, J. Constant &amp; J. Bresseel leg., day collecting [1♀ RBINS] ; HOA BINH: Ha Son Binh Prov. [= Hoa Binh], Da Bac, Tuly [= Tu Ly], forest, 23.X.1990, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; NINH BINH: Cuc Phuong National Park, 20°23'N 105°34'E, 300 m, 5–6.V.2002, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♀ IBSS]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.593056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.350279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.593056/lat 20.350279)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, 20°21'01"N 105°35'35"E, 13–17.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., malaise [1♂ CSCA] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from China (Chen 1957) [TARI].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from northern Vietnam by Lelej (2005) without reference to voucher specimens. Later, Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen (2024) examined a female from northern Vietnam, but additional locality data were unavailable.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Vinh Phuc *, Hoa Binh *, Ninh Binh *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April to August, October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests and Northern Indochina subtropical forests ecoregions. 300–1230 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes, but the evidence of this association was not indicated.</p><p>Remarks. This species can be recognized by the black head, which is seen in both males and females.Although the other two Vietnamese species are currently known from females only, we expect their males to have a reddish head, like the females.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF6FFE0FF6BFC3B8FC4F86A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF4FFE2FF6BFF0B8C84FA75.text	038287B8FFF4FFE2FF6BFF0B8C84FA75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odontomutilla uranioides Mickel 1933	<div><p>Odontomutilla uranioides Mickel, 1933</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D739AFDB-E7A5-4A9B-9635-CC2770CBE8D6</p><p>(Figs 5G, 5H)</p><p>Odontomutilla urania (Smith, 1857): Dover 1926: 234. Misidentification.</p><p>Odontomutilla uranioides Mickel, 1933c: 304, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Hong Kong, China) [UMSP]; Wu 1941: 134; Chen 1957: 155, ♀; Lelej 2005: 117; Hua 2006: 300; Barthélémy et al. 2018: 237, ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 310, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 31, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 224; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, ♀; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 75, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 10♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.91139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.628056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.91139/lat 22.628056)">Phia Oac-Phia Den National Park</a>, 900 m, 22°37'41"N 105°54'41"E, 22.V–6.VI.2018. L.Anisyutkin &amp; A.Abramov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.91139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.628056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.91139/lat 20.628056)">Nguyen Binh</a>, Phia Oac NP, 20°37'41"N 105°54'41"E, 859 m, 7.V.2021, T.T. Ngat leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; LAO CAI: Van Ban, Liem Phu, 450–600 m, 26.IX.2006, K. Eguchi leg. [3♀ SKYC] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, V.1995, M. Sato leg. [1♀ EUMJ] ; Tam Dao, IV– 7.V.1996, native collector leg. [1♀ TUA] ; Tam Dao, 930 m alt., 1–7.V.1996, Y. Arita leg. [2♀ EUMJ] ; QUANG NINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.6/lat 21.1)">Dong Kho Island</a>, 21°06'N 107°36'E, 22.III.1987, V. Kuznetzov leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Mickel (1933c) and Chen (1957) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from northern Vietnam by Lelej (2005) without reference to voucher specimens. Later, Okayasu et al. (2018) recorded this species from Lam Dong.</p><p>Distribution. China. Laos. Thailand. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Lao Cai *, Vinh Phuc *, Quang Ninh *, Lam Dong.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March to June, September, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests and Northern Indochina subtropical forests ecoregions. 450–930 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This appears to be the most common Odontomutilla species in Thailand and China, particularly around Hong Kong, based on citizen-science records online (KAW pers. obs.). Comparatively few specimens have been examined from Vietnam.</p><p>Genus Yamanetilla Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 096BAD40-ECB6-4FBA-B541-737D0AA6E572</p><p>Yamanetilla Lelej, 1996c: 101, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 106; Lelej 2005: 117; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 66; Pagliano et al. 2020: 224. Type species: Odontomutilla taiwaniana nipponica Tsuneki, 1972 (♂ ♀, holotype ♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes eight species. The type species occurs in the Palaearctic part of Japan, but other species are Oriental in distribution (Lelej 1996c, 2002, 2005; Pagliano et al. 2020) except for Y. yamanei Lelej, 2024 known from the Wallacea transition zone (Lelej 2024).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was nested in the widespread and speciose Odontomutilla in phylogenetic analyses by Brothers &amp; Lelej (2017) and Waldren et al. (2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF4FFE2FF6BFF0B8C84FA75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF4FFE3FF6BF9A78BC3FEF9.text	038287B8FFF4FFE3FF6BF9A78BC3FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Yamanetilla pedaria (Mickel 1934)	<div><p>Yamanetilla pedaria (Mickel, 1934)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D26393D2-C247-49E6-BEDA-3889CDCDCC39</p><p>Odontomutilla pedaria Mickel, 1934: 135, ♂ ♀, holotype ♂ (Iligan, Mindanao, Philippines) [NMNH]; Mickel 1935: 216, ♂ ♀; Baltazar 1966: 209.</p><p>Yamanetilla pedaria: Lelej 1996c: 102, ♀; Lelej 2005: 118; Lo Cascio 2015: 565; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 62, ♂ ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 304, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 224; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂ 1♀. Vietnam: DONG NAI: 70 km NE Saigon [= Ho Chi Minh], Ma De, VIII.1994, Belyaeva leg. [1♂ IBSS] ; BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Côn Đ ảo <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=6.616667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.683333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 6.616667/lat 8.683333)">Island</a>, 8°41'N l 06°37'E, 6.IV.1987, V. Kuznetsov leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimen (Lelej 1996c).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Ba Ria-Vung Tau by Lelej (1996c).</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia. Philippines. Vietnam: Dong Nai *, Ba Ria-Vung Tau.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April, August. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes, but the evidence of this association was not indicated.</p><p>Remarks. Photos of the holotype of this species are available in National Museum of Natural History (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF4FFE3FF6BF9A78BC3FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF5FFE3FF6BFAEB8AFAF88F.text	038287B8FFF5FFE3FF6BFAEB8AFAF88F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla cambrai Williams 2019	<div><p>Bischoffitilla cambrai Williams, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CCD60BD9-4D5C-458A-9B23-EB15067CDF8D</p><p>(Figs 6A, 6B)</p><p>Bischoffitilla cambrai Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 13, ♀, holotype ♀ (Khlong Sok, Surat Thani, Thailand) [CSCA]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 141; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Lao Cai in Williams et al. (2019b).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand. Vietnam: Lao Cai (Williams et al. 2019b).</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. September. Northern Indochina subtropical forests ecoregion. 300–650 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is widely distributed in Thailand and occurs in northern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF5FFE3FF6BFAEB8AFAF88F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF5FFE3FF6BFE2A8B01FABA.text	038287B8FFF5FFE3FF6BFE2A8B01FABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmillinae Bischoff 1920	<div><p>Subfamily Myrmillinae Bischoff, 1920</p><p>This subfamily is widespread in the Old World, and few species occur in Wallacea (Lelej 2002, 2005, 2024; Pagliano et al. 2020; Brothers 2022). In the Oriental Region, it is represented by the genera Bethsmyrmilla Krombein &amp; Lelej, 1999, Bischoffitilla Lelej, 2002, Brahmatilla Lelej, 2005, Myrmilla Wesmael, 1851, and Spilomutilla Ashmead, 1903 . Many East Asian species of this subfamily were initially described or subsequently placed in the Afrotropical genus Squamulotilla Bischoff, 1920 by previous authors (e.g., Mickel 1933ab, 1934, 1935; Pagden 1934a, 1949; Chen 1957). They were reallocated to Bischoffitilla by Lelej (2002, 2005), leaving only one myrmilline genus in East Asia. The other four genera are known from India and Sri Lanka only (Lelej 2005).</p><p>Genus Bischoffitilla Lelej, 2002</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 609C107C-9382-4156-889A-23D7A40AC27C</p><p>Bischoffitilla Lelej, 2002: 28, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 23; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 11; Pagliano et al. 2020: 140; Sutanto et al. 2021: 2, ♂ ♀. Type species: Squamulotilla exilipunctata Chen, 1957 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This is the largest genus of the subfamily with 76 described species (Lelej 2002, 2005, 2024; Williams et al. 2019b; Pagliano et al. 2020). They are distributed throughout the Oriental Region and reach the Palaearctic part of China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan in the north and Afghanistan and Pakistan in the west (Lelej 2002, 2005; Lelej et al. 2013).</p><p>Remarks. Bischoffitilla species are tiny wasps and hard to identify. Identification keys to the species from China, Taiwan, the islands of the Pacific Ocean, and southern Thailand are available in Mickel (1935) (supplemented by Tsuneki et al. 1993), Chen (1957), and Williams et al. (2019b). However, many morphospecies that cannot be readily identified with those references are recognized in Vietnam and neighboring countries (JO pers. obs.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF5FFE3FF6BFE2A8B01FABA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFFAFFECFF6BFF0B8B36F834.text	038287B8FFFAFFECFF6BFF0B8B36F834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla lamellata (Mickel 1933)	<div><p>Bischoffitilla lamellata (Mickel, 1933)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F1DE646-0676-4D50-8D69-FAF6A113D84D urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F169B49-306E-46A1-9BCC-776A36F44774</p><p>(Figs 6C, 6D, 7A, 7B)</p><p>Squamulotilla lamellata Mickel, 1933c: 295, ♀, holotype ♀ (Honan Island [= Haizhu], Canton [= Guangzhou], [Guangdong], China) [UMSP]; Wu 1941: 135; Chen 1957: 145, ♀.</p><p>Squamulotilla arundinacea Pagden, 1934a: 445, ♀, holotype ♀ (Parit Buntar, Perak, Federated Malay States [= Malaysia]) [NHMUK]; Mickel 1935: 196, ♀. Synonymized by Williams et al. (2019b: 12) under Bischoffitilla lamellata (Mickel, 1933) .</p><p>Bischoffitilla arundinacea: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 24; Okayasu et al. 2018: 302, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 140, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S3, ♀.</p><p>Bischoffitilla lamellata: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 27; Hua 2006: 299; Barthélémy et al. 2018: 232, ♂ ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 12, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 142; Nguyen &amp; Dang 2024: 55, ♂ ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 79, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 16♂ 38♀. Vietnam: BAC KAN: Ba Be Nat. Park, 31.VII–2.VIII.2000, K. Okajima leg. [2♀ TUA] ; VINH PHUC: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.711105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.399166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.711105/lat 21.399166)">Meninh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21°23'57"N 105°42'40"E, 1.VII.2007, Sau, malaise [1♂ RBINS] ; Ngoc Thanh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.71333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.389444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.71333/lat 21.389444)">Me Linh Biodiversity station</a>, 21°23'22"N 105°42'48"E, 63 m, 11–20.X.2020, TDD [= T.D. Duong] &amp; TXT [= T.X. Thanh] leg., MT3 [= Malaise trap 3] [1♂ IEBR] ; Ngoc Thanh, Me Linh Bio-Station, 22°16'51"N 105°71'54"E, 10.IV.2021, IED [= Insect Ecology Department] leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [3♂ IEBR] ; Ngoc Thanh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.711105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.384167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.711105/lat 21.384167)">Me Linh Bio-Station</a>, 21°23'03"N 105°42'40"E, 21–30.IV.2021, T.D. Duong &amp; T.X. Thanh leg., MT1 [= Malaise trap 1] [1♂ IEBR] ; HOA BINH: Luong Son, Thanh Lap, Song Village, 26.VI–5.VII.2018, T.D. Duong leg., MT1 [= Malaise trap 1] [1♂ IEBR], 25.IV–15.V.2019 [1♀ IEBR] ; BAC GIANG: Bac Giang, XI.2021, MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR] ; QUANG NINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.416664/lat 20.783333)">Phong Vong Island</a>, 20°47'N 107°25'E, 9–10.X.1990, V. Kuznetzov leg. [3♀ IBSS] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Ben Cat</a>, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 8.VII.2023, X.L. Truong, T.P.L. Nguyen, Q.C. Nguyen, T.N. Tran leg. [4♀ IEBR], 8.VII.2023 [13♀ IEBR] ; THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma NP, Entrance, 253/BTTNVN, 16.250°N 107.873°E, 50 m alt., 2–6.VIII.2016, T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap [1♂ VNMN]; QUANG NAM: Tam K ỳ, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.50056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.605167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.50056/lat 15.605167)">An</a> Phú, 15°36'18.6"N 108°30'2"E, h = - 2.2 m, 23.IV.2023, Đ.T. Hoa leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; GIA LAI: 50 km N An Khe, forest, 30.X.1979, V. Yanushev leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; LAM DONG: Bidoup Nulba NP, near Da Lat, 1650–1700 m, 11–19.X.2005, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] ; NINH THUAN: Nui Chua NP, northeast part, 90–150 m, 23–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, bird trail, 100 m, 15–20.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [4♂ RMNH]; Cat Tien NP, Ficus trail, 100 m, 1–9.X.2005, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♀ RMNH] ; BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, K. Okajima leg. [1♂ 7♀ TUA] ; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, T. Ishikawa leg. [3♀ TUA] ; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, H. Mizushima leg. [1♀ TUA] ; KIEN GIANG: Tho Chu Il., 8–10.IV.1987, V. Kuznetzov leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from China (Chen 1957) [TARI] and description in Barthélémy et al. (2018).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Vietnam (as Bi. arundinacea and Bi. lamellata) by Lelej (2005) without reference to voucher specimens. Later, Nguyen &amp; Dang (2024) recorded this species from Vinh Phuc.</p><p>Distribution. China. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam: Bac Kan *, Vinh Phuc, Bac Giang *, Quang Ninh *, Hoa Binh *, Ha Tinh *, Thua Thien Hue*, Quang Nam *, Gia Lai *, Lam Dong *, Ninh Thuan *, Dong Nai *, Ba Ria-Vung Tau *, Kieng Giang*.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, April to August, October, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Northern Annamites rain forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. - 2.2–1700 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was associated and described by Barthélémy et al. (2018) based on males and females collected at the same place.</p><p>Remarks. This species is the most widely distributed and commonest Bischoffitilla species in Indochina.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFFAFFECFF6BFF0B8B36F834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF8FFEEFF6BFF0B8DF5FCD4.text	038287B8FFF8FFEEFF6BFF0B8DF5FCD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla malica (Zavattari 1914)	<div><p>Bischoffitilla malica (Zavattari, 1914)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D92A69C3-085C-4FD3-A24F-B07F87654117</p><p>(Figs 6E, 6F)</p><p>Mutilla malica Zavattari, 1914: 83, ♀, holotype ♀ (Perak, Malacca, [Malaysia]) [MSNG].</p><p>Squamulotilla malica: Mickel 1935: 193, ♀.</p><p>Bischoffitilla malica: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 27; Okayasu et al. 2018: 306, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 15, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 142; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 4♀. Vietnam: HANOI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36667/lat 21.05)">Ba Vi National Park</a>, 400–600 m, 21°03'N 105°22'E, 11.XI.1999, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; BAC GIANG: W. Yen Tu, 190 m, ground &amp; litter, 25.III.2003, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC]; NGHE AN: Ban Xan, 16.IV.1999, V. T. Viet leg. [2♀ SKYC] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Mickel (1935) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia. Myanmar. Thailand. Vietnam *: Hanoi, Bac Giang, Nghe An.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, April, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, and Red River freshwater swamp forests ecoregions. 190–600 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is easily recognized in the Vietnamese Bischoffitilla females by having the dorso-lateral mesosomal margins distinctly dentate and legs entirely bright orange.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF8FFEEFF6BFF0B8DF5FCD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF8FFEEFF6BFC058CD6F8F6.text	038287B8FFF8FFEEFF6BFC058CD6F8F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla mammallifera (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Bischoffitilla mammallifera (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B761B029-E874-460E-8715-9AF602E61DD4</p><p>(Figs 7C, 7D)</p><p>Squamulotilla mammallifera Chen, 1957: 143, ♂, holotype ♂ ( Tienmushan [= Tianmu-shan], Chekiang [= Zhejiang], China) [unknown]; He et al. 2004: 960, ♂</p><p>Bischoffitilla mammalifera [sic]: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 27; Hua 2006: 299. Incorrect subsequent spelling.</p><p>Bischoffitilla mammallifera: Pagliano et al. 2020: 142.</p><p>Material examined. 8♂. Vietnam: DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 800–940 m, 2–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Chu Yang Sin NP, near river, 740 m, 1–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Chu Yang Sin NP, Krong K’Mar, 760 m, 21–26.X.2005, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, eco-trail, 100 m, 13–20.V.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [3♂ RMNH]; Cat Tien NP, bird trail, 100 m, 1–9.X.2005, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Cat Tien NP, Ficus Trail, 100 m, 9–30.IV.2007, M.P. Quy &amp; N.T. Manh leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Chen (1957) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Dak Lak, Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April to June, October. Southern Annamites montane rain forests and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 100–940 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species can be recognized by the presence of a mesal tooth on the second metasomal sternum and two tubercles on the hypopygium. The Vietnamese specimens appear to have the tooth on the second metasomal sternum slightly smaller than described by Chen (1957); this could be regional variation, misinterpretation of Chen’s meaning, or evidence that these specimens belong to a distinct species. In other characters, the specimens from Vietnam fit Chen’s description well. Unfortunately, the holotype of this species was not found among Chen’s voucher specimens in TARI (JO pers. obs.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF8FFEEFF6BFC058CD6F8F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BFF0B8A7CFCF0.text	038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BFF0B8A7CFCF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla perakensis (Pagden 1934)	<div><p>Bischoffitilla perakensis (Pagden, 1934)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2E2FF3BB-1024-4B75-8E51-75F7D17510FA</p><p>(Figs 6G, 6H)</p><p>Squamulotilla perakensis Pagden, 1934a: 448, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Parit Buntar, Perak, Federated Malay States [= Malaysia]) [NHMUK]; Mickel 1935: 196, ♀ .</p><p>Bischoffitilla perakensis: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 28; Okayasu et al. 2018: 306, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 13, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 142; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 3♀. Vietnam: THAI NGUYEN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.6/lat 21.583334)">Na Hau Village</a>, 21°35'N 105°36'E, forest, open site, 8.XI.2001, Sk. Yamane leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; HANOI: Hanoi, 30.X.1988, A. Sharkov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; Hanoi University of Agriculture, 16.VIII.2000, K. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with a voucher specimen from Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b) [THNHM].</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam *: Thai Nguyen, Hanoi.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. August, October, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests and Red River freshwater swamp forests ecoregions. Forest (open site).</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The specimens from Vietnam lack the serrate genal carina described by Pagden (1934a). However, the shape of the genal carina varies within a population (Williams et al. 2019b). This species is potentially synonymous with Bi. sauteri (Zavattari, 1913) from China and Taiwan (Williams et al. 2019b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BFF0B8A7CFCF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BFC218ADBF9CC.text	038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BFC218ADBF9CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bischoffitilla tumidula (Mickel 1933) Myrmillinae	<div><p>Bischoffitilla tumidula (Mickel, 1933)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4B2EFF7A-601D-4720-8663-1804AFB18C96</p><p>(Figs 7E, 7F)</p><p>Squamulotilla tumidula Mickel, 1933a: 384, ♂, holotype ♂ (Taihorin [= Dalin], [Chiayi], Formosa [= Taiwan]) [ZMNB]; Mickel 1935: 187, ♂; Yasumatsu 1948: 72, ♂; Chen 1957: 142, ♂; He et al. 2004: 960, ♂.</p><p>Bischoffitilla tumidula: Lelej 2002: 127; Lelej 2005: 30; Hua 2006: 299; Pagliano et al. 2020: 144.</p><p>Material examined. 2♂. Vietnam: DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, Ficus Trail, 100 m, 1–8.X.2005, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Cat Tien NP, bird trail, 100 m, 1–9.X.2005, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Mickel (1933a) and Chen (1957) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Vietnam *: Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. October. Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregion. 100 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. In the Oriental Realm, black body integument is rare in Bischoffitilla males, but most males from the eastern Palaearctic have the body largely darkened (Tsuneki 1972a; Terayama et al. 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BFC218ADBF9CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BF9078D06F865.text	038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BF9078D06F865.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mutillinae Latreille 1802	<div><p>Subfamily Mutillinae Latreille, 1802</p><p>This is the largest mutillid subfamily in the Old World (Pagliano et al. 2020). Four tribes were recognized in this subfamily by Brothers &amp; Lelej (2017): Ctenotillini Brothers &amp; Lelej, 2017, Mutillini Latreille, 1802 (subdivided into Ephutina and Mutillina), Smicromyrmini Bischoff, 1920, and Trogaspidiini Bischoff, 1920 . Waldren et al. (2023) further added three tribes, Psammothermini Waldren, 2023 (separated from Smicromyrmini sensu Brothers &amp; Lelej, 2017), Pristomutillini Waldren, 2023, and Zeugomutillini Waldren, 2023 (separated from Ctenotillini sensu Brothers &amp; Lelej, 2017). One genus of Ctenotillini, two genera of Mutillini, 10 genera of Smicromyrmini, 14 genera of Trogaspidiini, and one genus of Zeugomutillini have been recorded from the eastern Oriental Region (Lelej 2005, 2023; Pagliano et al. 2020; Okayasu 2021a; Lelej et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFF9FFEFFF6BF9078D06F865	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFFEFFE9FF6BF9698AEFFF65.text	038287B8FFFEFFE9FF6BF9698AEFFF65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ctenotillini Brothers & Lelej 2017	<div><p>Tribe Ctenotillini Brothers &amp; Lelej, 2017</p><p>Genus Williamstilla Lelej, 2023</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A27D4891-3152-4CA1-AB82-A285AC584781</p><p>Williamstilla Lelej, 2023: 16, ♂ ♀. Type species: Ctenotilla guangdongensis Lelej, 1992 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes the type species only.</p><p>Remarks. The type species was previously included in Ctenotilla Bischoff, 1920 by Lelej (1992). Identification keys to distinguish the Oriental ctenotilline genera and species were provided by Lelej (2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFFEFFE9FF6BF9698AEFFF65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFFFFFEAFF6BFED68D80FD19.text	038287B8FFFFFFEAFF6BFED68D80FD19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Williamstilla guangdongensis (Lelej 1992)	<div><p>Williamstilla guangdongensis (Lelej, 1992)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9AEF624E-509D-4A4D-AB7D-AA6A281D2C50</p><p>(Figs 8A–8D)</p><p>Ctenotilla guangdongensis Lelej, 1992: 282, ♀, holotype ♀ (Ding Hu Shan, Guangdong, China) [SCAU]; Lelej 2005: 34; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 56, ♂ ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 15, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 161; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Williamstilla guangdongensis: Lelej 2023: 18, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 8♂ 2♀. Vietnam: BAC KAN: Ba Be National Park, 31.VII–2.VIII.2000, K. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] ; VINH PHUC: Ngoc Thanh, Me Linh, 22°16'51"N 105°71'54"E, 10.IV.2021, IED’s [= Insect Ecology Department’s] collectors leg., Malaise trap [1♂ IEBR] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Ben Cat</a>, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 8.VII.2023, X.L. Truong, T.P.L. Nguyen, Q.C. Nguyen, T.N. Tran leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; GIA LAI: Ayun Pa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.50178&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.363778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.50178/lat 13.363778)">Ia Rto</a>, 13°21'49.6"N 108°30'06.4"E, 201 m, 1.V.2016, N.T.P. Lien, N.D. Dai, T.T. Ngat leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.31612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.31612/lat 14.203055)">Mang Yang</a>, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14°12'11"N 108°18'58"E, 834 m, 4.V–19.V.2022, L.V. Tinh leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR] ; DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, various dates, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [5♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Lelej (2023) and compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b) [THNHM].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Vietnam by Williams et al. (2019b) without reference to voucher specimens.</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia. China. Laos. Thailand. Vietnam: Bac Kan *, Vinh Phuc *, Ha Tinh *, Gia Lai *, Dong Nai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April, May, July, August. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Annamites rain forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 30–834 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was recognized by Brothers &amp; Lelej (2017) and later described and illustrated by Lelej (2023). However, the evidence of this association was not indicated in any of these publications. Williams et al. (2019b) examined a pair in copula from Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. The male pictured (Figs 8A, 8B) was collected in Thailand in copula with a female (Williams et al. 2019b). This male perfectly matches the male description by Lelej (2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFFFFFEAFF6BFED68D80FD19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFFCFFEAFF6BFB7B8BD0F83F.text	038287B8FFFCFFEAFF6BFB7B8BD0F83F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kurzenkotilla annamensis Lelej 2005	<div><p>Kurzenkotilla annamensis Lelej, 2005</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A86110FB-27A9-42C4-A22A-E5B7FF476C6A</p><p>(Figs 9A, 9B)</p><p>Kurzenkotilla annamensis Lelej, 2005: 171, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Naca, Con River, Nghe An, Vietnam) [IBSS]; Zhou et al. 2018a: 25, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 225; Lelej et al. 2023: 459, ♂ ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 1♀. Holotype ♀: Vietnam: NGHE AN: Con River, Naca, 200 m, 8.IX.1963, N. Kabakov leg. [IBSS].</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimen (Lelej 2005).</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Nghe An by Lelej (2005). Later, Lelej et al. (2023) recorded this species from Hoa Binh and Ninh Thuan.</p><p>Distribution. China. Thailand. Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Nghe An, Ninh Thuan.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, September. Northern Indochina subtropical forests and Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregions. 90–200 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was associated and described by Lelej et al. (2023) based on overlapping distribution and morphological similarity to Kur. harmandi in both sexes.</p><p>Remarks. Both Kur. annamensis and Kur. harmandi occur in Thailand and Vietnam, but the former species generally seems to occur farther North and East and the species have not been collected from the same localities.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFFCFFEAFF6BFB7B8BD0F83F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFFCFFEAFF6BFD4A8EBEFB0A.text	038287B8FFFCFFEAFF6BFD4A8EBEFB0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mutillini Latreille 1802	<div><p>Tribe Mutillini Latreille, 1802</p><p>Genus Kurzenkotilla Lelej, 2005</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 78E724C0-6D12-45B8-A3EE-B1099578F97E</p><p>Kurzenkotilla Lelej, 2005: 34, ♀; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 31; Pagliano et al. 2020: 225; Lelej et al. 2023: 458, ♂ ♀. Type species: Artiotilla ariana Lelej in Lelej &amp; Kabakov, 1980 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes nine species from the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions (Lelej et al. 2023). The type species is the only Palaearctic member of the genus. In East Asia, this genus is represented by two species, both of which occur in Vietnam. Another six species are known from South Asia .</p><p>Remarks. This genus, together with other Oriental mutilline genera, was recently reviewed by Lelej et al. (2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFFCFFEAFF6BFD4A8EBEFB0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFFDFFD4FF6BF9C58A6BFE4D.text	038287B8FFFDFFD4FF6BF9C58A6BFE4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kurzenkotilla harmandi (Andre 1898)	<div><p>Kurzenkotilla harmandi (André, 1898)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F55B5071-8EBA-4467-95A3-0A6EEE5CC664</p><p>(Figs 9C–9F)</p><p>Mutilla harmandi André, 1898: 29, ♂, holotype ♂ (Lakhon [= Laos or Thailand; Lelej et al. 2023]) [MNHN]; André 1902b: 39; Lelej 2005: 35; Williams et al. 2019b: 31; Pagliano et al. 2020: 229; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♀; Waldren et al. 2023: 469.</p><p>Kurzenkotilla annamensis Lelej, 2005: Williams et al. 2019b: 31. Misidentification.</p><p>Kurzenkotilla harmandi: Lelej et al. 2023: 461, ♂ ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 1♀. Vietnam: DAK LAK: Dak Lak Prov., Krong Bong District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.33928&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.483361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.33928/lat 12.483361)">Chu Yang Sin National Park</a>, 12°29'00.1"N 108°20'21.4"E, 520 m alt., 13.III.2013, T. Mita et al. leg. [1♀ VNMN] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Lelej et al. 2023) [THNHM].</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. Laos. Thailand. Vietnam *: Dak Lak.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March. Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregion. 520 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the male only. The female was associated and described by Lelej et al. (2023) based on identical ITS1 sequences of the nuclear genome.</p><p>Remarks. Two Southeast Asian species of Kurzenkotilla, Kur. annamensis and Kur. harmandi, are apparently closely related and distinguished only by the setal color and markings on the male metasoma, female mesosomal shape, and size of setal spots on the female metasomal tergum 2 (Lelej et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFFDFFD4FF6BF9C58A6BFE4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC2FFD4FF6BFBEA8DC9F8D7.text	038287B8FFC2FFD4FF6BFBEA8DC9F8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andreimyrme borkenti (Williams 2019)	<div><p>Andreimyrme borkenti (Williams, 2019)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5208A335-E3C0-4D78-8072-D7AE91A8079B</p><p>(Figs 10A, 10B)</p><p>Smicromyrme borkenti Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 28, ♀, holotype ♀ (Phnom Bencha Mountain Resort, 14 km NNE Krabi, Krabi, Thailand) [CSCA]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 193; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Andreimyrme borkenti: Okayasu et al. 2021b: 11, ♀; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 2♀. Vietnam: HANOI: Ba Vi, Mt. Tan Vien, 500 m, 15.X.1995, M. Tomokuni leg. [1♀ NSMT] ; KIEN GIANG: U Minh Thuong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.13778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.901667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.13778/lat 9.901667)">An Minh Bac</a>, U Minh Thuong NP, 9°54'6"N 105°8'16"E, 30 m, 11.X.2023, NDA [= Nguyen Duc Anh] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♀ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimen (Okayasu et al. 2021b).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Hanoi by Okayasu et al. (2021b).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand. Vietnam: Hanoi, Kien Giang *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. October. Red River freshwater swamp forests and Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests ecoregion. 30–500 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species was initially placed in the genus Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870 based on the slender mandible shape. The recent revision of females in this genus (Okayasu et al. 2021b) revealed that Andreimyrme females are more variable, and more diverse, than previously known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC2FFD4FF6BFBEA8DC9F8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC2FFD4FF6BFDBE8F03FBB9.text	038287B8FFC2FFD4FF6BFDBE8F03FBB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicromyrmini Bischoff 1920	<div><p>Tribe Smicromyrmini Bischoff, 1920</p><p>Genus Andreimyrme Lelej, 1995</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 591352DA-D3B9-4B61-8210-9C26B1FF9643</p><p>Andreimyrme Lelej, 1995b: 5, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 50; Lelej 2005: 38; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 7; Pagliano et al. 2020: 169; Okayasu et al. 2021b: 3, ♀; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 108, ♂ ♀. Type species: Andreimyrme long Lelej, 1995 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes 20 species and one subspecies (Lelej 2005; Okayasu et al. 2021b). Most species are distributed in Southeast Asia. Two species also reach the Palaearctic part of China and two species are known each from a single locality in India (Terine et al. 2021, 2024).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was recently reviewed by Okayasu et al. (2021b) based on the female morphology. Many species are known only from the female and a few males are named, but no species-level sex associations have yet been discovered.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC2FFD4FF6BFDBE8F03FBB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC0FFD7FF6BFF0B8D70FEDD.text	038287B8FFC0FFD7FF6BFF0B8D70FEDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andreimyrme davidi (Andre 1898)	<div><p>Andreimyrme davidi (André, 1898)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A5EDAD08-F30D-4455-985F-851531397B04</p><p>(Figs 11A, 11B)</p><p>Mutilla davidi André, 1898: 28, ♂, holotype ♂ (Kiang-Si [= Jiangxi], China) [MNHN]; André 1902b: 39.</p><p>Smicromyrme davidi: Mickel 1933c: 321, ♂; Wu 1941: 134; Chen 1957: 201, ♂; He et al. 2004: 948, ♂.</p><p>Andreimyrme davidi: Lelej 1995b: 8; Lelej 2005: 38; Hua 2006: 299; Lo Cascio 2015: 544; Okayasu 2020: 56, ♂; Pagliano et al. 2020: 169; Okayasu et al. 2021b: 4.</p><p>Material examined. 2♂. Vietnam: CAO BANG: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.541664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.57139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.541664/lat 22.57139)">Nguyen Binh</a>, Phia Oac-Phia Den NP, 22°34'17"N 105°32'30"E, 1032 m, 30.VI.2022, IED-c [= Insect Ecology Department’s collector] leg., Malaise trap [1♂ IEBR] ; GIA LAI: Mang Yang, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 30.V.2023, Tinh Van Lam leg., Malaise trap [1♂ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from China (Chen 1957) [TARI].</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Vietnam *: Cao Bang, Gia Lai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, June. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests and Southern</p><p>Annamites montane rain forests ecoregions. 1032 m alt. Sex association. Female unknown. Remarks. This species is the only Andreimyrme species known from the male in Vietnam. The specimen from</p><p>Gia Lai represents the southernmost record of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC0FFD7FF6BFF0B8D70FEDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC1FFD7FF6BFE0E8A90FC7E.text	038287B8FFC1FFD7FF6BFE0E8A90FC7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andreimyrme matsumotoi Okayasu 2021	<div><p>Andreimyrme matsumotoi Okayasu, 2021</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F1B7AF0E-D87A-46F9-BCA2-D714CA0763CC</p><p>(Figs 10C, 10D)</p><p>Andreimyrme matsumotoi Okayasu in Okayasu et al., 2021b: 13, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam) [VNMN]; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀ .</p><p>Material examined. 1♀. Holotype ♀: Vietnam: VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, 900–1200 m, 6.V.1998, R. Matsumoto leg. [VNMN].</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimen (Okayasu et al. 2021b).</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Vinh Phuc in Okayasu et al. (2021b).</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests ecoregion. 900–1200 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This rare species is similar to An. substriolata (Chen, 1957), with some subtle structural differences (Okayasu et al. 2021b), but it is larger in body size than any known An. substriolata specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC1FFD7FF6BFE0E8A90FC7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC1FFD7FF6BFBAF8C0CF973.text	038287B8FFC1FFD7FF6BFBAF8C0CF973.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andreimyrme rong Williams 2021	<div><p>Andreimyrme rong Williams in Okayasu et al., 2021</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C4ED6FC7-5C7C-4553-8337-7C6EB9F55E43</p><p>(Figs 10E, 10F)</p><p>Andreimyrme rong Williams in Okayasu et al., 2021b: 17, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Chu Yang Sin National Park, Krong K’Mar, Dak Lak, Vietnam) [RMNH]; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 104, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 2♀. Vietnam: HA TINH: Vu Quang, Vu Quang NP, Co 1 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.289165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36305/lat 18.289165)">Station</a>, 18°17'21"N 105°21'47"E, 120 m, 31.III.2023, Hoang Trong Dinh leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♀ IEBR] ; PHU YEN: Song Hinh Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.03719&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.788291" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.03719/lat 12.788291)">Song Hinh</a> commune, regenerated forests (natural), 12.788291°N 109.037192°E, 300 m, 14–16.VI.2024, A.D. Nguyen leg. [1♀ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Okayasu et al. (2021b) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Dak Lak in Okayasu et al. (2021b).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand. Vietnam: Ha Tinh *, Phu Yen *, Dak Lak.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, June. Northern Annamites rain forests and Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregions. 120–900 m alt. Regenerated forests.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species has a wider mandible than any other female in the genus. The type species, Andreimyrme long, is known from males only and, based on similar mandible shape and broadly overlapping distribution, could eventually be matched with this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC1FFD7FF6BFBAF8C0CF973	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC1FFD0FF6BF8DD8F45FB94.text	038287B8FFC1FFD0FF6BF8DD8F45FB94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andreimyrme substriolata (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Andreimyrme substriolata (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7858997B-0A13-4D21-B748-922114BA2618 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E44C59A0-5F97-4CBE-9DE5-01A839934014</p><p>(Figs 10G, 10H)</p><p>Smicromyrme substriolata Chen, 1957: 209, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Kuling [= Guling], Kiangsi [= Jiangxi], China) [TARI]; He et al. 2004: 958, ♀ .</p><p>Smicromyrme tridentiens Chen, 1957: 213, ♀, holotype ♀ (Tachulan [= Dazhulan], Fukien [= Fujian], China) [TARI]. Synonymized by Okayasu (2020: 58) under Andreimyrme substriolata (Chen, 1957) .</p><p>Andreimyrme tridentiens: Lelej 1995b: 8, ♀; Lelej 2005: 38; Hua 2006: 299; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 169.</p><p>Andreimyrme substriolata: Lelej 1995b: 9, ♀; Lelej 2002: 50; Lelej 2005: 38; Hua 2006: 299; Lo Cascio 2015: 544; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Okayasu 2020: 58, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 169; Okayasu et al. 2021b: 22, ♀; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♀; Terine et al. 2024: 82, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 4♀. Vietnam: SON LA: Sop Cop, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.58639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.9825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.58639/lat 20.9825)">Sop Cop</a> NR, 20°58'57"N 103°35'11"E, 812 m, 25.VI.2022, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien], TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] &amp; NQC [= Nguyen Quang Cuong] leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; HANOI: Mt. Bavi, 800–1000 m, VII.1941, A. De Cooman leg. [1♀ TARI] ; THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma NP, 19 km point, 1400 m, 16.198°N 107.860°E, 6.VIII.2016, Y. Komeda leg., 253/BTTNVN [1♀ VNMN]; DONG NAI: National Park Cat Tien, Bird Lake Trail, 160 m, 12.X.2004, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimens (Okayasu et al. 2021b).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Gia Lai, Hanoi, Ha Son Binh (now Hoa Binh), and Thua Thien Hue by Lelej (1995b), Okayasu (2020), and Okayasu et al. (2021b).</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. India. Indonesia. Japan. Laos. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam: Son La *, Hanoi, Hoa Binh, Thua Thien Hue, Gia Lai, Dong Nai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. June to August, October. Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 160–1400 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This is the most widespread Andreimyrme species and is variable in color and setation (Okayasu et al. 2021b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC1FFD0FF6BF8DD8F45FB94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC6FFD1FF6BFBC68B4FFF65.text	038287B8FFC6FFD1FF6BFBC68B4FFF65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Andreimyrme yotoi Okayasu 2021	<div><p>Andreimyrme yotoi Okayasu, 2021</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 97F67DB2-0766-4DA1-B02F-0F58250BA4EA</p><p>(Figs 10I, 10J)</p><p>Andreimyrme yotoi Okayasu in Okayasu et al., 2021b: 29, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Cuc Phuong National Park, Nho Quan, Ninh Binh, Vietnam) [VNMN]; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀ .</p><p>Material examined. 1♀. Holotype ♀: Vietnam: NINH BINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.348" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.598/lat 20.348)">Nho Quan</a>, Cuc Phuong N. P., 20.348°N 105.598°E, 500 m, 9–11.VIII.2016, Y. Komeda &amp; T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 314/BTTNVN [VNMN].</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimen (Okayasu et al. 2021b).</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Ninh Binh in Okayasu et al. (2021b).</p><p>Distribution. Laos. Vietnam: Ninh Binh.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. August. Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests ecoregion. 500 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species stands out from other Vietnamese Andreimyrme females by having a flattened disc of the second metasomal tergum with a triangular shaped mesal setal patch.</p><p>Genus Ephucilla Lelej, 1995</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 41652F68-54AD-400A-A3D0-D8391509984C</p><p>Ephucilla Lelej, 1995b: 10, ♂; Lelej 2005: 39, ♂ ♀; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 21; Okayasu 2020: 62, ♂ ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 171; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 112, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla naja Zavattari, 1913 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes 17 Oriental species (Lelej 2005, 2020; Okayasu 2020). Remarks. Three species-groups were recognized within Ephucilla based on the male morphology by Lelej</p><p>(1995b). Identification keys to males of the naja group and all females of the genus were provided by Okayasu (2020). Ephucilla species are found in tropical forests and females are arboreal (Okayasu 2020, 2021b). Ephucilla bacbo and E. viet are rarely found likely due to their small body size and cryptic behavior and habitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC6FFD1FF6BFBC68B4FFF65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC7FFD1FF6BFED68FBCFCED.text	038287B8FFC7FFD1FF6BFED68FBCFCED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephucilla bacbo (Lelej 1995)	<div><p>Ephucilla bacbo (Lelej, 1995)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1D7326D1-18A5-460D-A12A-73EA5801DE13</p><p>(Figs 11C, 11D)</p><p>Sinotilla bacbo Lelej, 1995b: 24, ♀, holotype ♀ (Trung Trang, Haiphong, North Vietnam) [ZISP]; Lelej 1996c: 98, ♀. Ephucilla bacbo: Lelej 2005: 39; Lo Cascio 2015: 548; Okayasu et al. 2018: 309, ♀; Okayasu 2020: 64, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020:</p><p>171; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Hai Phong by Lelej (1995b).</p><p>Distribution. Indonesia. Vietnam: Hai Phong.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January. Red River freshwater swamp forests ecoregion.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species can be most readily separated from the other Vietnamese Ephucilla by having the second metasomal tergum metallic blue (Fig. 11C vs. Fig. 11E) and marked with a mesal whitish setal spot. This species is known from two females collected in northern Vietnam and Borneo. Additional material might be found from the intermediate regions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC7FFD1FF6BFED68FBCFCED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC7FFD1FF6BFC5E8C8DF831.text	038287B8FFC7FFD1FF6BFC5E8C8DF831.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ephucilla viet (Lelej 1995)	<div><p>Ephucilla viet (Lelej, 1995)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4B896FBA-7FDA-4325-9F2B-2159CB4CD7E6</p><p>(Figs 11E, 11F)</p><p>Sinotilla viet Lelej, 1995b: 25, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Dong Kho, Quang Ninh, Vietnam) [IBSS].</p><p>Ephucilla viet: Lelej 2005: 41; Lo Cascio 2015: 548; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 17, ♀; Okayasu 2020: 65; Pagliano et al. 2020: 172; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Quang Ninh by Lelej (1995b). Later, Williams et al. (2019b) recorded this species from Vinh Phuc.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, May. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests ecoregion.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is variable in color; head and legs vary from black with various portions reddish to largely red (Lelej 1995b; Williams et al. 2019b; Figs 11E, 11F).</p><p>Genus Mickelomyrme Lelej, 1995</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 18E1B55F-1A03-4FAC-AA77-CAEFCF661142</p><p>Mickelomyrme Lelej, 1995a: 17, ♂ ♀; Lelej 1996d: 278, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 54; Lelej 2005: 43; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 34; Pagliano et al. 2020: 174; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 116, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla hageni Zavattari, 1913 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes 23 Oriental species (Lelej 1996d, 2005; Williams et al. 2019b; Thaochan et al. 2022). Two of them also occur in the Palaearctic part of China.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Lelej (1996d). However, many species were subsequently recognized (Lelej 2005; Williams et al. 2019b; Thaochan et al. 2022). Mickelomyrme species are generally small and are abundant in Southeast Asia (Williams et al. 2019b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC7FFD1FF6BFC5E8C8DF831	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC4FFD2FF6BFF0B8D23FAA6.text	038287B8FFC4FFD2FF6BFF0B8D23FAA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme abnorma (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Mickelomyrme abnorma (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6E185071-C3C6-4585-BA6D-8AA4C00 BEC 29</p><p>(Figs 12A, 12B)</p><p>Smicromyrme norna abnorma Chen, 1957: 203, ♂, holotype ♂ (Kuling [= Guling], [ Lushan, Jiujiang], Kiangsi [= Jiangxi],</p><p>China) [TARI]. Smicromyrme norna alnorma [sic]: He et al. 2004: 953, ♂. Incorrect subsequent spelling. Mickelomyrme abnorma: Lelej 1996d: 285, ♂; Lelej 2002: 54; Lelej 2005: 43; Hua 2006: 300; Okayasu 2020: 44; Pagliano et al. 2020: 174.</p><p>Material examined. 57♂. Vietnam: TUYEN QUANG: Pac Ban [= Thác Pác Ban], 23.V–2.VI.1996, Malaise trap (fine) no pans, ROM 963074 [3♂ ROM] ; Pac Ban [= Thác Pác Ban], Along Gam Rive [r], 21.V–1.VI.1996, D.C. Currie, D.C. Darling &amp; J. Swann leg., ROM 963001 [1♂ ROM] ; BAC KAN: Ba Be Natl. Park, vicinity dorm annex, grassy scrub, 19–25.V.1995, J. Swann leg., Malaise trap, ROM 956105 [1♂ ROM] ; VINH PHUC: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.711105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.399166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.711105/lat 21.399166)">Meninh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21°23'57"N 105°42'40"E, 1.VII.2007, Sau, malaise [1♂ RBINS] ; NINH BINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.593056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.350279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.593056/lat 20.350279)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, 20°21'01"N 105°35'35"E, 13–17.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., malaise [1♂ CSCA] ; KON TUM: Chu Mon Ray NP, 700–900 m, 26.IX–5.X.2006, M.P. Quy &amp; N.T. Manh leg., malaise [3♂ RMNH]; GIA LAI: Kon Ka Kinh National Park, 30.VI.2023, A. Tinh leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 800–940 m, 2–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [5♂ RMNH]; Chu Yang Sin NP, near river, 740 m, 1–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [2♂ RMNH] ; Chu Yang Sin NP, Krong K’Mar, 760 m, 21–26.X.2005, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [5♂ RMNH] ; NINH THUAN: Nui Chua NP, northeast part, 90–150 m, 23–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [8♂ RMNH]; DONG NAI: Tan Phu, Nam Cat Tien, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.435/lat 11.443)">Cat Tien</a> NP, 11.443N 107.435E, 140 m, 5–11.X.2016, C.J. Borkent &amp; M.E. Epstein leg., malaise [2♂ CSCA]; Cat Tien NP, various sites, dates, and collectors, malaise [24♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Lelej (1996d).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Son La by Lelej (1996d).</p><p>Distribution. China. Thailand. Vietnam: Tuyen Quang *, Bac Kan *, Son La, Vinh Phuc *, Ninh Binh *, Kon Tum *, Gia Lai *, Dak Lak *, Ninh Thuan *, Dong Nai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May to July, September, October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 90–940 m alt. Grassy scrub.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Within Vietnam, this species can be recognized by coloration: the metasoma is partly reddish-orange, the tegula is black, and the body setae are predominantly whitish.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC4FFD2FF6BFF0B8D23FAA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC4FFD3FF6BFA108CD5F9C3.text	038287B8FFC4FFD3FF6BFA108CD5F9C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme athalia (Pagden 1949)	<div><p>Mickelomyrme athalia (Pagden, 1949)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD804EF8-B945-4B9E-8129-B5FE7CDFBDA7</p><p>(Figs 12C–12F)</p><p>Smicromyrme athalia Pagden, 1949: 219, ♂ ♀, holotype ♂ (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) [NHMUK].</p><p>Mickelomyrme athalia: Lelej 1995a: 17; Lelej 1996d: 280, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 43; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 18, ♂ ♀; Okayasu 2020: 44, ♂; Pagliano et al. 2020: 174; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Mickelomyrme hageni (Zavattari, 1913): Barthélémy et al. 2018: 235, ♂; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 75, ♂. Misidentification.</p><p>Material examined. 16♀. Vietnam: BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, K. Okajima leg. [3♀ TUA]; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, S. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA]; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, T. Ishikawa leg. [3♀ TUA]; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, H. Mizushima leg. [2♀ TUA]; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, S. Okajima leg. [7♀ TUA] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b) [THNHM].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Hoa Binh by Okayasu (2020).</p><p>Distribution. China. Laos. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam: Hoa Binh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, July. Northern Indochina subtropical forests and Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregions.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes collected at the same place and time.</p><p>Remarks. This is a relatively widespread species and one of the most commonly encountered smicromyrmine species in Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC4FFD3FF6BFA108CD5F9C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC5FFDDFF6BF92C8F2BFB59.text	038287B8FFC5FFDDFF6BF92C8F2BFB59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme chinensis (Smith 1855)	<div><p>Mickelomyrme chinensis (Smith, 1855)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0A34468C-70F8-47C6-82C6-ACC4805AA38C urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 223CAAB6-C68D-4DFF-AC86-7C7678BFD5FA</p><p>(Figs 13A–13F)</p><p>Mutilla chinensis Smith, 1855: 38, ♀, holotype ♀ (North China) [NHMUK]; Dalla Torre 1897: 23; André 1902b: 38.</p><p>Mutilla exacta Smith, 1879: 201, ♂, holotype ♂ (Shanghai, China) [NHMUK]; Dalla Torre 1897: 38; André 1902b: 39. Synonymized by Zhou et al. (2018a: 25) under Mickelomyrme chinensis (Smith, 1855) .</p><p>Smicromyrme chinensis: Mickel 1933c: 318, ♀; Wu 1941: 134; Hammer 1949: 11, ♀; Yasumatsu 1951: 70, ♀; Chen 1957: 208, ♀; Lelej 2002: 73; He et al. 2004: 948; Lelej 2005: 58; Hua 2006: 301.</p><p>Smicromyrme exacta: Mickel 1933c: 323, ♂; Yasumatsu 1948: 73, ♂; Chen 1957: 201, ♂; He et al. 2004: 950, ♂.</p><p>Mickelomyrme exacta: Lelej 1995a: 17; Lelej 1996d: 285, ♂; Lelej 2002: 54; Lelej 2005: 43; Hua 2006: 300; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 58, ♂.</p><p>Mickelomyrme chinensis: Zhou et al. 2018a: 25, ♂ ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 7, ♀; Okayasu 2020: 44; Pagliano et al. 2020: 175; Nguyen &amp; Dang 2024: 57, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 21♂ 6♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: Nguyen Binh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.86956&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.86956/lat 22.533333)">Thanh Cong</a>, 22°32'0"N 105°52'10.4"E, 7.VIII.2012, J. Kojima, H. Nugroho &amp; IED-c [= Insect Ecology Department’s collector] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.541664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.57139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.541664/lat 22.57139)">Nguyen Binh</a>, Phia Oac-Phia Den NP, 22°34'17"N 105°32'30"E, 1032 m, 15.VI.2022, IED-c [= Insect Ecology Department’s collector] leg., Malaise trap [1♀ IEBR], 30.VI.2022 [1♂ IEBR] ; Nguyen Binh, Phia Oac-Phia Den NP, 22°34'19"N 105°52'33"E, 1044 m, 1.VI.2023, TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [4♂ IEBR]; TUYEN QUANG: Na Hang Res. [ervoir], 16–24.V.1997, S. Peck leg. [1♂ FSCA] ; BAC KAN: Ba Be National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.0/lat 23.0)">Ba Be</a> (200 m alt.), 22– 23°N 105– 37°E, 1.V.2006, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♂ OMNH] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, 900–1200 m alt., 30.IV.1998, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♂ OMNH] ; Trai Trâu, Me Linh, Doc đuờng mờn. 100m, 24.V.2000, N.T.P. Lien leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; Tam Dao, 1050–1175 m, 14–17.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.64611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.464445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.64611/lat 21.464445)">Tam Dao</a>, 21°27'52"N 105°38'46"E, 1200 m, 19–22.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., malaise [3♂ CSCA] ; Tam Dao, Tam Dao NP,&gt; 950 m, VII.2022, Student of HNU [= Hanoi National University] leg. [1♀ IEBR]; Phúc Yên, Ng ọc <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7126/lat 21.3885)">Thanh</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7126/lat 21.3885)">Melinh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21.3884995°N 105.712599695°E, 68 m alt., 6.VI.2023, L.T.P. Nguyen et al. leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; NINH BINH: Cuc Phuong, 200–300 m alt., 4.VI.1997, R. Matsumoto leg. [2♂ OMNH], 24.IV.1998 [1♂ OMNH], 25.IV.1998 [1♂ 1♀ OMNH] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.593056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.350279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.593056/lat 20.350279)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, 20°21'01"N 105°35'35"E, 13–17.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., hand collect [1♀ CSCA] ; Cuc Phuong N. P., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.598&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.348" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.598/lat 20.348)">Nho Quan</a>, 500 m, 20.348°N 105.598°E, 9–11.VIII.2016, Y. Komeda &amp; T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 314/BTTNVW [1♀ ELKU] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang, Vu Quang NP, Co RS, 18°17'45"N 105°22'30"E, 78 m, 21.IV.2022, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♂ IEBR]; THUA THIEN HUE: Phu Loc District, Phu Loc Town, Bach Ma National Park, 1350–1443 m, 10.V.2015, O. Tominaga leg. [1♂ OMNH] ; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 800–940 m, 2–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from China (Chen 1957) [TARI].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Ninh Binh and Vinh Phuc by Nguyen &amp; Dang (2024) and Zhou et al. (2018a).</p><p>Distribution. China. Indonesia. Laos. Thailand. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Bac Kan *, Tuyen Quang *, Vinh Phuc, Ninh Binh, Ha Tinh *, Thua Thien Hue*, Dak Lak *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April to August. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Northern Annamites rain forests, and Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregions. 68–1200 m alt. Forest opening (Fig. 30A).</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was described as Mutilla exacta Smith, 1879 and was associated by Zhou et al. (2018a) based on males and females collected at the same place and time.</p><p>Remarks. This species is larger in body size than any other Mickelomyrme species and is apparently the only Mickelomyrme species without lateral setal spots on the second metasomal tergum of females. Most males of M. chinensis have the legs orange in color (Figs 13A, 13B); the individuals from Dak Lak and Thua Thien Hue, however, have black legs (Figs 13C, 13D). In all other features, these individuals are apparently identical to typical Mi. chinensis males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC5FFDDFF6BF92C8F2BFB59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFCBFFDFFF6BFA8A8DA0FE81.text	038287B8FFCBFFDFFF6BFA8A8DA0FE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme exiloides (Magretti 1892)	<div><p>Mickelomyrme exiloides (Magretti, 1892)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3CC0C21A-23C8-48A7-853C-613406B3E631</p><p>(Figs 14A, 14B)</p><p>Mutilla exiloides Magretti, 1892: 36, ♂, syntypes ♂ (Monti dei Carin-Chebà [= mountain area in Karen Hills], [Myanmar]) [MSNG]; Bingham 1897: 48, ♂; Dalla Torre 1897: 39; André 1902b: 39.</p><p>Mickelomyrme exiloides: Lelej 1995a: 17; Lelej 1996d: 285, ♂; Lelej 2005: 44; Zhou et al. 2018a: 26, ♂; Okayasu 2020: 44; Pagliano et al. 2020: 175; Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino 2021: 109, ♂.</p><p>Material examined. 13♂. Vietnam: GIA LAI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.31612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.31612/lat 14.203055)">Mang Yang</a>, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14°12'11"N 108°18'58"E, 834 m, 4.V–19.V.2022, L.V. Tinh leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR], 4.VIII.2022 [1♂ IEBR] ; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 800–940 m, 2–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [2♂ RMNH]; Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 500 m, 3–9.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [4♂ RMNH] ; NINH THUAN: Nui Chua NP, northwest part, 150 m, 24–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; DONG NAI: 70 km NE Saigon [= Ho Chi Minh], Ma De, VIII.1994, Belyaeva leg. [1♂ IBSS] ; Cat Tien NP, bird trail, 100 m, 15–20.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [3♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Lelej (1996d) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Laos. Myanmar. Vietnam *: Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Ninh Thuan, Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, June, August. Southern Annamites montane rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 100–940 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is the only named Mickelomyrme male with the body entirely black (except the tegula and some appendages) and the metacoxa unarmed (Lelej 1996d). There appear to be other currently undescribed morphospecies with this combination of characters; true Mi. exiloides males have the tegula largely yellow-brown and the fringes of metasomal terga 1–4 formed from dense pale golden setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFCBFFDFFF6BFA8A8DA0FE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC9FFDFFF6BFEF28B7CFB26.text	038287B8FFC9FFDFFF6BFEF28B7CFB26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme isora (Cameron 1900)	<div><p>Mickelomyrme isora (Cameron, 1900)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8ED6A976-1160-4585-969C-89D668FF1294</p><p>(Figs 14C, 14D)</p><p>Mutilla isora Cameron, 1900: 8, ♂, holotype ♂ (Khasia Hills, [Meghalaya, India]) [OUMNH]; André 1902b: 39. Mickelomyrme isora: Lelej 2005: 44; Okayasu 2020: 44; Pagliano et al. 2020: 175; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♂.</p><p>Material examined. 7♂. Vietnam: TUYEN QUANG: Na Hang Res. [ervoir], 20–24.V.1997, S. Peck leg. [1♂ FSCA] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, 1050–1175 m, 14–17.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.64611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.464445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.64611/lat 21.464445)">Tam Dao</a>, 21°27'52"N 105°38'46"E, 1200 m, 19–22.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., malaise [1♂ CSCA] ; KON TUM: Chu Mon Ray NP, 700–900 m, 26.IX–5.X.2006, M.P. Quy &amp; N.T. Manh leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 800–940 m, 2–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [2♂ RMNH]; LAM DONG: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.68&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.186" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.68/lat 12.186)">Lac Durong</a>, Bidoup Nui Ba NP, 12.186°N 108.680°E, 1440 m, 13–17.X.2016, C.J. Borkent &amp; M.E. Epstein leg., malaise [1♂ CSCA] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with the original description (Cameron 1900).</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. India. Thailand. Vietnam *: Tuyen Quang, Vinh Phuc, Kon Tum, Dak Lak, Lam Dong.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, June, September, October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 700–1440 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to Mi. abnorma except for the orange tegula, abundant golden setae, and microscopic differences in the clypeus and genitalia. The species was previously recorded from Thailand and India (Lelej 2005); the coloration is similar to many Indian species but is much rarer in Thailand and Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC9FFDFFF6BFEF28B7CFB26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFC9FFDFFF6BFA978D95F8F3.text	038287B8FFC9FFDFFF6BFA978D95F8F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme kuznetsovi Lelej 1996	<div><p>Mickelomyrme kuznetsovi Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 333496C6-F099-441A-B613-181E4D54D350</p><p>Smicromyrme triguttata latisquamula Chen, 1957: Chen 1957: 209, ♀, part. Misidentification. Mickelomyrme kuznetsovi Lelej, 1996d: 283, ♀, holotype ♀ (Il. Phong Vong, Quang Ninh, North Vietnam) [ZISP]; Lelej 2005:</p><p>44; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 58, ♀; Okayasu 2018: 481, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 19, ♀; Okayasu 2020: 44; Boutin &amp;</p><p>Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀. Mickelomyrme kuznetzovi [sic]: Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀. Incorrect subsequent spelling.</p><p>Material examined. 1♀. Vietnam: NGHE AN: Pu Hoat, VI.1999, B. T. Viet leg. [1♀ SKYC] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with type [ZISP] .</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Quang Ninh by Lelej (1996d).</p><p>Distribution. China. Laos. Thailand. Vietnam: Quang Ninh, Nghe Anh*.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. June, October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests and Northern Indochina subtropical forests ecoregions. 185 m alt. “Open glade with rare grass”.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is likely a synonym of Mi. athalia, because the diagnostic features of Mi. kuznetsovi (Lelej 1996d) seem inadequate to separate them (Williams et al. 2019b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFC9FFDFFF6BFA978D95F8F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFCEFFD8FF6BFF0B8AC6FB22.text	038287B8FFCEFFD8FF6BFF0B8AC6FB22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme pusillaeformis (Hammer 1962)	<div><p>Mickelomyrme pusillaeformis (Hammer, 1962)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3DF335AE-89E4-472B-81C7-8AB701C51968 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1AFAA2AE-0326-4146-87BD-566B0915D525</p><p>(Figs 14E, 14F)</p><p>Smicromyrme pusillaeformis Hammer, 1962: 34, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Mergui, [Myanmar]) [IMK]; Lelej 2005: 63.</p><p>Smicromyrme (Nemka) hageni (Zavattari, 1913): Lelej &amp; Yamane 1992: 631, ♂ ♀, part. Misidentification.</p><p>Mickelomyrme yunnanensis Lelej, 1996d: 280, ♂ ♀, holotype ♂ (Niner-Dajie, Yunnan, China) [ZMMU]; Lelej 2005: 45; Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 58, ♂; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Okayasu 2018: 480, ♀. Synonymized by Williams et al. (2019b: 19) under Mickelomyrme pusillaeformis (Hammer, 1962) .</p><p>Mickelomyrme pusillaeformis: Williams et al. 2019b: 19, ♀; Okayasu 2020: 44, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 175; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♀.</p><p>Mickelomyrme pusilaeformis [sic]: Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀. Incorrect subsequent spelling.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂ 4♀. Vietnam: HOA BINH: Ha Son Binh Prov. [= Hoa Binh], Da Bac, Tuly [= Tu Ly], forest, 21.X.1990, E. Narchuk leg. [1♂ ZISP] ; NGHE AN: Que Phong Distr., lowland forest, 14.IV.1999, B. T. Viet leg. [2♀ SKYC]; Pu Hoat, VI.1999 [1♀ SKYC] ; PHU YEN: Song Hinh Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.03719&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.788291" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.03719/lat 12.788291)">Song Hinh</a> commune, regenerated forests (natural), 12.788291°N 109.037192°E, 300 m, 14–16.VI.2024, A.D. Nguyen leg. [1♀ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Laos and Thailand (Lelej 1996d; Okayasu 2020) [EUMJ, IBSS, NSMT, TUA, ZMUC].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Vietnam by Okayasu et al. (2018) without reference to voucher specimens. Later, this record was clarified by Williams et al. (2019b) as Dong Nai.</p><p>Distribution. China. Indonesia. Laos. Myanmar. Thailand. Vietnam: Hoa Binh *, Nghe An *, Phu Yen *, Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April to June, October. Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 100–300 m alt. Forest, regenerated forests.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was associated and described as Mi. yunnanensis Lelej, 1996 based on a pair in copula (Lelej &amp; Yamane 1992; Lelej 1996d; Williams et al. 2019b).</p><p>Remarks. Like Mi. athalia, this species is widespread and common in Southeast Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFCEFFD8FF6BFF0B8AC6FB22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFCEFFD9FF6BFA8C8A66FC85.text	038287B8FFCEFFD9FF6BFA8C8A66FC85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mickelomyrme puttasoki Williams 2019	<div><p>Mickelomyrme puttasoki Williams, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A7F3B42B-4251-46FD-9EE0-94F912AA3FF3</p><p>(Figs 14G, 14H)</p><p>Mickelomyrme puttasoki Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 20, ♀, holotype ♀ (Vimarnin farm stay, Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi, Thailand) [CSCA]; Okayasu 2020: 44; Pagliano et al. 2020: 175; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 18♀. Vietnam: BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, K. Okajima leg. [2♀ TUA], 5.I.2002 [7♀ TUA]; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, S. Okajima leg. [2♀ TUA], 5.I.2002 [1♀ TUA]; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, T. Ishikawa leg. [3♀ TUA]; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, H. Mizushima leg. [3♀ TUA] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Williams et al. (2019b) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. Thailand. Vietnam *: Ba Ria-Vung Tau.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregion.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from southern Thailand and is newly recorded from Vietnam.At Vimardin farm stay in Thailand and Binh Chau in Vietnam, Mi. athalia and Mi. puttasoki were collected at the same time (Williams et al. 2019b; this study).</p><p>Genus Nemka Lelej, 1985</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FABE9198-1559-4438-A6E2-4F2D8291C919</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E9BF1217-9DD6-40C7-9E11-D067B9BAE086</p><p>Smicromyrme (Nemka) Lelej, 1985: 240, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla viduata Pallas, 1773 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Nemka: Lelej 1995a: 2, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 54; Lelej 2005: 45; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 39; Pagliano et al. 2020: 176; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 118, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Smicromyrme (Horaia) Tsuneki, 1993 (nom. preocc., non Tonnoir, 1930): 43, ♂. Type species: Smicromyrme (Horaia) chihpenchia Tsuneki, 1993 (♂), by original designation = Mutilla wotani Zavattari, 1913 (♀) (syn. by Okayasu 2020: 31). Synonymized by Lelej (1995a: 2) under Nemka Lelej, 1985 .</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus is widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic Region, from western Europe and North Africa to the Palaearctic part of China, Korean Peninsula, and Japan, and also occurs in the continental Oriental Region and Taiwan. Eighteen species are included (Lelej 1995a, 2005; Okayasu 2020).</p><p>Remarks. Nemka viduata (Pallas, 1773) is common and widespread in the western Palaearctic Region. The Oriental species of Nemka, however, are less commonly encountered and generally seem to have more limited distributions, although N. limi (Chen, 1957) occurs in both the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. This is the only Nemka species in Vietnam. There are four additional species occurring in Indochina, which might eventually be found in Vietnam (Lelej 2005; Williams et al. 2019b; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFCEFFD9FF6BFA8C8A66FC85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFCFFFDAFF6BFCF78B24F887.text	038287B8FFCFFFDAFF6BFCF78B24F887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemka limi (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Nemka limi (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B7B76A3A-3785-489D-9645-B0AD37568B78</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 46E9C74D-3B42-4FD4-ABD3-1E28774ECFFA</p><p>(Figs 15A–15D)</p><p>Smicromyrme wotani (Zavattari, 1913): Yasumatsu 1938a: 85, ♀; Yasumatsu 1951: 70, ♀. Misidentification.</p><p>Smicromyrme limi limi Chen, 1957: 215, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Chusan [= Zhoushan], Chekiang [= Zhejiang], China) [TARI]; He et al. 2004: 952, ♀ .</p><p>Smicromyrme limi nanhai Chen, 1957: 216, ♀, holotype ♀ (San-ah [= Sanya], Hainan, China) [TARI]. Synonymized by Okayasu (2020: 33) under Nemka limi (Chen, 1957) .</p><p>Nemka wotani (Zavattari, 1913): Lelej 1995a: 10, ♂ ♀, part; Lelej et al. 2001: 12, ♀; Lelej 2002: 57, part; Lelej 2005: 48, part; Hua 2006: 300; Lo Cascio 2015: 553, part. Misidentification.</p><p>Nemka limi limi: Lelej 1995a: 11, ♀; Lelej 2005: 46; Hua 2006: 300; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 176; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, ♀.</p><p>Nemka limi nanhai: Lelej 1995a: 11, ♀; Lelej 2005: 46; Hua 2006: 300; Lo Cascio 2015: 553; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 176; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, ♀.</p><p>Nemka limi: Okayasu 2020: 33, ♂ ♀; Nguyen &amp; Dang 2024: 58, ♀.</p><p>Nemka taiwanensis (Mickel, 1933a): Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 76, ♂. Misidentification.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂ 18♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: Phia Oac Phia Den NP station, 30.VI.2022, Nguyen D. Hiep leg. [1♀ IEBR]; LAO CAI: Van Ban, Liem Phu, 300–700 m, 30.IX.2006, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; LANG SON: [Lôc Binh], Montes Mauson [= Mt. Mau Son], Mai 2–3000, IV, H. Fruhstorfer leg., Smicromyrme wotani wotani (Zavattari), B. Petersen det. 1983 [1♂ ZMUC] ; VINH PHUC: Ngoc Thanh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.711105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.384167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.711105/lat 21.384167)">Me Linh Biodiversity station</a>, 21°23'03"N 105°42'40"E, 70 m, 18.VIII.2022, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [2♀ IEBR] ; Phúc Yên, Ng ọc <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7126/lat 21.3885)">Thanh</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7126/lat 21.3885)">Melinh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21.3884995°N 105.712599695°E, 68 m alt., 6.VI.2023, L.T.P. Nguyen et al. leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; NGHE AN: ca. 25 km SW of Con Cuông, Khe Moi River Forestry Camp, 5–8.VI.1995, B. Hubley &amp; J. Swan leg., ROM 956162 [1♀ ROM] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Ben Cat</a>, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 7.VIII.2023, X.L. Truong, T.P.L. Nguyen, Q.C. Nguyen &amp; T.N. Tran leg. [3♀ IEBR], 8.VII.2023 [9♀ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimen (Okayasu 2020). Compared with types [TARI].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Lang Son, Quang Ninh, and Vinh Phuc by Lelej (1995a), Nguyen &amp; Dang (2024), and Okayasu (2020).</p><p>Distribution. China. South Korea. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Lao Cai *, Lang Son, Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Nghe An *, Ha Tinh *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April, June to October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, and Northern Annamites rain forests ecoregions. 30–700 m alt. Forest edge (Fig. 30B).</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was associated and diagnosed by Okayasu (2020) based on males and females collected at the same place and time and morphological similarities to related species in both sexes.</p><p>Remarks. This species occurs in both the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions. Diagnostic features to identify N. limi and related Japanese and Taiwanese species were discussed by Okayasu (2020).</p><p>Genus Promecilla André, 1902</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8CA9A025-EFE4-4894-8628-67E7FEF60DDF</p><p>Promecilla André, 1902b: 14, 30, ♀; Bischoff, 1921: 715, ♀; Lelej 1985: 180, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 63; Lelej 2005: 51; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 48; Pagliano et al. 2020: 182; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 122, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla regia Smith, 1855 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes 29 species, five in the Afrotropical Region, four in the southern Palaearctic Region (Central Asia and Pakistan), and 20 in the Oriental Region (Lelej 2002, 2005, 2020; Pagliano et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks. Most Oriental Promecilla species occur in the Indian subcontinent; very few occur in East Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFCFFFDAFF6BFCF78B24F887	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFCCFFDBFF6BF8C38EA7FAEC.text	038287B8FFCCFFDBFF6BF8C38EA7FAEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecilla decora (Smith 1879)	<div><p>Promecilla decora (Smith, 1879)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 256F9F95-ABE6-4A6B-AEB1-20DAB1086C1A</p><p>(Figs 16A–16D)</p><p>Mutilla decora Smith, 1879: 200, ♀, holotype ♀ (Pulo Penang [= Penang Island], [Penang], [Malaysia]) [NHMUK]; Dalla Torre</p><p>1897: 30; André 1902b: 39. Smicromyrme decora: Pagden 1934b: 465, ♂ ♀; Mickel 1935: 288, ♀; Pagden 1949: 222, ♂ ♀; Chen 1957: 213, ♀; Lelej 1995b:</p><p>19. Sinotilla decora: Lelej 2005: 55; Hua 2006: 301; Okayasu 2017: 152, ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀. Promecilla decora: Brothers &amp; Lelej 2017: 59, ♂ ♀; Barthélémy et al. 2018: 237, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 25, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 183; Thaochan et al. 2022: 164, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀; Barthélémy &amp;</p><p>Guénard 2025: 76, ♀. Promecilla cf. levinaris (Chen, 1957): Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 76, ♂. Misidentification.</p><p>Material examined. 6♂ 5♀. Vietnam: BAC KAN: Ba Be Natl. Park, on steep slope across from dorm annex, 16– 23.V.1995, B. Hubley &amp; J. Swan leg., ROM 956056 [1♂ ROM]; Ba Be, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.23" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.37/lat 22.23)">Ba Be National Park</a>, 22.23°N 105.37°E, 200 m alt., 2.V.2006, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♀ OMNH] ; VINH PHUC: Meninh Biodiversity Station, 21°23'18"N 105°42'46"E, 23–25.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., hand collected [1♂ CSCA]; Ngoc Thanh, Me Linh Biodiversity station, 21°23'01.7"N 105°42'40.7"E, 21–30.V.2020, IED’s coll. [= Insect Ecology Department’s collector] leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR]; Ngoc Thanh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.711105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.384167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.711105/lat 21.384167)">Me Linh Biodiversity station</a>, 22°16'51"N 105°71'54"E, 10.IV.2021, IED [= Insect Ecology Department] leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR], 20.VIII.2021 [1♂ IEBR], 20.XI.2021 [1♂ IEBR]; Ngoc Thanh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.711105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.384167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.711105/lat 21.384167)">Me Linh Biodiversity station</a>, 21°23'03"N 105°42'40"E, 18.VIII.2022, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; HOA BINH: Tonkin [= North Vietnam], Hoa Binh, A. de Cooman leg. [2♀ TARI] ; LAM DONG: South Annam Lam Dong Prov. [= Lam Dong], Cat Tien, III.2004, A. Anichkin &amp; A. Evsyunin leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b) [THNHM]. Compared with description in Pagden (1949).</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam *: Bac Kan, Vinh Phuc, Hoa Binh, Lam Dong. This species was also recorded from Myanmar (Kachin, Shan, Yangon; Magretti 1892: 213) and Indonesia (Java; Zavattari 1910: 9), but these records have not been verified (Mickel 1935).</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March to June, August, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 200 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was associated by Pagden (1934b) based on males and females reared from the same host and a pair in copula, and was described by Pagden (1949).</p><p>Remarks. Pagden (1934b) reared both sexes of this species from the nest cells of a mud-daubing solitary wasp Pison argentatum Shuckard ( Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). See Starr (2004) for the nesting biology of the host species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFCCFFDBFF6BF8C38EA7FAEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFCDFFC4FF6BFA5E8FCFF86C.text	038287B8FFCDFFC4FF6BFA5E8FCFF86C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecilla levinaris (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Promecilla levinaris (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 99AB8A2B-15C3-48BB-9EF8-1B1596ADD59E</p><p>(Figs 16E, 16F)</p><p>Smicromyrme levinaris Chen, 1957: 207, ♂, holotype ♂ (Yungan [= Yong’an], Fukien [= Fujian], China) [TARI]; Lelej 2005: 61; Hua 2006: 301.</p><p>Promecilla levinaris: Zhou et al. 2018a: 26, ♂; Pagliano et al. 2020: 183.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂. Vietnam: DONG NAI: Nam Cat Tien National Park, Bau Sau, 1.V.2010, V. Zryanin leg. [1♂ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with type [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May. Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregion.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is much rarer than the more widespread Promecilla species, Pr. decora . Only five male specimens have been recognized previously (Chen 1957; Zhou et al. 2018a), and the specimen examined herein represents the southernmost record of this species.</p><p>Genus Sinotilla Lelej, 1995</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 00A7AEE2-AB00-4546-8686-1450DCB792CA</p><p>Sinotilla Lelej, 1995b: 18, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 63; Lelej 2005: 54; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 55; Okayasu 2017: 152, ♀; Okayasu 2020: 87, ♂ ♀; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 125, ♂ ♀. Type species: Smicromyrme cyaneiventris boheana Chen, 1957 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus predominantly occurs in the Oriental Region and reaches the Palaearctic part of China. Twenty-one species are included (Lelej 2005; Okayasu 2020; Pagliano et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks. Identification keys to the males with a ventral mandibular lobe and to females were provided by Okayasu (2017, 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFCDFFC4FF6BFA5E8FCFF86C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD3FFC5FF6BFF0B8B2AFD7E.text	038287B8FFD3FFC5FF6BFF0B8B2AFD7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinotilla ansula (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Sinotilla ansula (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0252C874-736C-4541-BD09-FEB7C6E7DE64</p><p>(Figs 17A, 17B)</p><p>Smicromyrme ansula Chen, 1957: 204, ♂, holotype ♂ ( Tienmushan [= Tianmushan], Chekiang [= Zhejiang], China) [TARI]; He et al. 2004: 944, ♂ .</p><p>Sinotilla ansula: Lelej 1995b: 19; Lelej 2005: 56; Hua 2006: 300; Pagliano et al. 2020: 186.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂. Vietnam: NINH BINH: Cuc Phuong National Park, 10–12.VIII.1998, Sk. Yamane leg. [1♂ SKYC] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with types [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Ninh Binh.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. August. Northern Indochina subtropical forests ecoregion.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species has been known from a series of type specimens collected at the type locality. The Vietnamese specimen has the meso- and metatibiae more broadly black but otherwise it is identical to the types.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD3FFC5FF6BFF0B8B2AFD7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD3FFC5FF6BFCAF8EAAF8B2.text	038287B8FFD3FFC5FF6BFCAF8EAAF8B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinotilla belokobylskiji Lelej 1995	<div><p>Sinotilla belokobylskiji Lelej, 1995</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6BCD81AA-6452-4476-BB50-DA49E10F0658</p><p>(Figs 17C, 17D)</p><p>Sinotilla belokobylskiji Lelej, 1995b: 22, ♀, holotype ♀ (Tam Dao, Vinh Phuc, Vietnam) [ZISP]; Lelej 2005: 54; Okayasu 2017: 152, ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 26, ♀; Okayasu 2020: 89; Pagliano et al. 2020: 186; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 105, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 7♀. Vietnam: LAO CAI: Van Ban, Liem Phu, 300–700 m, 30.IX.2006, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; HANOI: Ba Vi National Park, 400–600 m, 11.XI.1999, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; BAC GIANG: W. Yen Tu, ground &amp; litter, 390 m, 22.V.2004, Bui &amp; K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC]; Tau Yen Tu National Park, 28.V.2004, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; HOA BINH: Tonkin [= North Vietnam], Hoa Binh, A. de Cooman leg., Smicr. decora (Smith) (?) [probably Chen’s hand] [1♀ TARI] ; PHU YEN: Song Hinh Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.03719&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.788291" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.03719/lat 12.788291)">Song Hinh</a> commune, regenerated forests (natural), 12.788291°N 109.037192°E, 300 m, 14–16.VI.2024, A.D. Nguyen leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; LAM DONG: South Annam Lam Dong Prov. [= Lam Dong], Cat Tien, III.2004, A. Anichkin &amp; A. Evsyunin leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b) [THNHM].</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Hanoi, Ha Son Binh (now Hoa Binh), and Vinh Phuc by Lelej (1995b).</p><p>Distribution. China. Thailand. Vietnam: Lao Cai *, Vinh Phuc, Hanoi, Bac Giang *, Hoa Binh, Phu Yen *, Lam Dong *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, May, June, September to November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 300–1000 m alt. Forest, bamboo, regenerated forests.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Based on the black metasomal color, this species is more likely to be matched with Si. ansula, rather than Si. hong Lelej, 1995, but there are likely to be additional undescribed males in Vietnam and the genus limits of the Oriental Smicromyrmini are difficult to ascertain, especially in males of Andreimyrme, Ephucilla, and Sinotilla .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD3FFC5FF6BFCAF8EAAF8B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD0FFC7FF6BF9CB8FE3FD6D.text	038287B8FFD0FFC7FF6BF9CB8FE3FD6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinotilla boheana (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Sinotilla boheana (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D561B471-694C-4251-8F4D-EDFBCD3BE4E8</p><p>(Figs 17E, 17F)</p><p>Smicromyrme cyaneiventris boheana Chen, 1957: 204, ♂, holotype ♂ ( Tachulan [= Dazhulan], Shaowu, Fukien [= Fujian], China) [unknown].</p><p>Sinotilla boheana: Lelej 1995b: 19, ♂; Lelej 2005: 54; Hua 2006: 300; Okayasu 2017: 152; Okayasu 2020: 89; Pagliano et al. 2020: 186; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 105, ♂.</p><p>Material examined. 8♂. Vietnam: LAO CAI: Phuc Khanh, Bao Yen, 5.IV.2024, Malaise trap [1♂ IEBR] ; TUYEN QUANG: tributary of Gam River 7km NE Pac Ban [= Thác Pác Ban], 25.V–02.VI.1996, D.C. Currie, D.C. Darling &amp; J. Swann leg., ROM 963079 [1♂ ROM] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, 500 m alt., 24.V.1997, R. Matsumoto leg.</p><p>[ 1♂ OMNH]; Phuc Yen dist., Ngoc Thanh comm., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.849/lat 16.192)">Me Linh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21°23'03"N 105°42'40"E, 70 m, 30.IX.2021, T.D. Duong &amp; T.X. Thanh leg., Malaise trap (MT1) [1♂ IEBR]; THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma NP, Entrance, 16.250°N 107.873°E, 50 m alt., 2–5.VIII.2016, T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 253/BTTNVN [1♂ VNMN]; Bach Ma NP, Rhododendron trail, 16.192°N 107.849°E, 1100 m alt., 3–6.VIII.2016, Y. Komeda &amp; T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 253/BTTNVN [1♂ VNMN]; Bach Ma NP, Rhododendron trail, 16.192°N 107.849°E, 1100 m alt., 5.VIII.2016, Y. Komeda leg., sweeping, 253/BTTNVN [1♂ VNMN]; GIA LAI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.849&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.849/lat 16.192)">Kon Ka Kinh National Park</a>, 30.VI.2023, A. Tinh leg. [1♂ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Chen (1957) and compared with description in Lelej (1995b).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Ha Son Binh (now Hoa Binh) by Lelej (1995b).</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam: Lao Cai *, Tuyen Quang *, Vinh Phuc *, Hoa Binh, Thua Thien Hue*, Gia Lai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April to June, August to October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, and Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregions. 50–1100 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. In coloration, this species is similar to Si. hong Lelej, 1995 below but is distinguished primarily by absence of the notaulus. The unique type of this species was not found in TARI, where Chen’s types are presently deposited (JO pers. obs.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD0FFC7FF6BF9CB8FE3FD6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD1FFC7FF6BFCDE8FF0F913.text	038287B8FFD1FFC7FF6BFCDE8FF0F913.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinotilla hong Lelej 1995	<div><p>Sinotilla hong Lelej, 1995</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 49E0BA26-9E12-4A3D-9F92-7A9C01F8679E</p><p>(Figs 18A, 18B)</p><p>Sinotilla hong Lelej, 1995b: 20, ♂, holotype ♂ (Yuping, Yunnan, China) [ZMMU]; Lelej 2005: 55; Okayasu 2017: 152; Okayasu 2020: 89, ♂; Pagliano et al. 2020: 186.</p><p>Material examined. 6♂. Vietnam: LAO CAI: Bat Xat, Y Ty, Sim San, 22°37'48.0"N 103°34'52.0"E, 1342 m, 2.VIII.2019, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien], NQC [= Nguyen Quang Cuong] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♂ IEBR]; DIEN BIEN: Tua Chua, Xa Nhe, 21°52'35"N 103°24'46"E, 12.IV.2022, D.T. Hoa leg. [1♂ IEBR]; VINH PHUC: Ngoc Thanh, Me Linh Bio-Station, 22°16'51"N 105°71'54"E, 10.IV.2021, IED [= Insect Ecology Department] leg., (MT) [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR] ; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near river, 740 m, 1–10.VI.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries, malaise [1♂, RMNH]; DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, Ficus Trail, 100 m, 9–30.IV.2007, M.P. Quy &amp; N.T. Manh leg., malaise [1♂, RMNH] ; Cat Tien NP, garden, 100 m, 13–20.V.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂, RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with the original description (Lelej 1995b).</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Lao Cai, Dien Bien, Vinh Phuc, Dak Lak, Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April to June, August. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 100–1342 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The Vietnamese specimens slightly vary in the leg coloration from entirely black to black with various portions orange.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD1FFC7FF6BFCDE8FF0F913	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD1FFC1FF6BF9438AD5FBFF.text	038287B8FFD1FFC1FF6BF9438AD5FBFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinotilla trisecta (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Sinotilla trisecta (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D6B056D5-499E-4CB9-870E-9D611F05E817</p><p>(Figs 18C, 18D)</p><p>Smicromyrme trisecta Chen, 1957: 206, ♂, holotype ♂ (Chusan [= Zhoushan], Chekiang [= Zhejiang], China) [TARI]; He et al. 2004: 958, ♂; Lelej 2005: 64; Hua 2006: 301.</p><p>Sinotilla trisecta: Okayasu 2018: 493, ♂; Okayasu 2020: 89, ♂; Pagliano et al. 2020: 203.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂. Vietnam: GIA LAI: Kon Ka Kinh National Park, 30.VI.2023, A. Tinh leg. [1♂ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with types [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Gia Lai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. June. Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregion.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Like Si. ansula and Si. hong, this species was originally described from southern China. Unlike those two species, Si. trisecta reaches further south. This suggests wider potential distribution of Si. ansula and Si. hong .</p><p>Genus Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B761D778-D7AB-4154-ADC0-85B065A325A6</p><p>Smicromyrme Thomson, 1870: 208, ♂ ♀; Bischoff 1921: 556, ♂ ♀; Skorikov 1935: 312, ♂ ♀; Giner Marí 1944: 75, ♂ ♀; Invrea 1964: 153, ♂ ♀; Lelej 1985: 211, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 64; Lelej 2005: 56; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 56; Pagliano et al. 2020: 187; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023: 128, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla rufipes Fabricius, 1787 (♀), by monotypy. Synonymized by André (1902b: 32) under Mutilla Linnaeus, 1758 . Resurrected to valid genus status by Ashmead (1903: 326).</p><p>Mutilla (Smicromyrme): Dalla Torre 1897: 6.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This is the largest smicromyrmine genus with 273 species from the Afrotropical, Palaearctic, and Oriental Regions including Wallacea (Lelej, 2002, 2005, 2024; Pagliano et al. 2020; Lelej &amp; Williams 2023). Thirty-six species are distributed in East Asia (Lelej 2002, 2005; Pagliano et al. 2020; Thaochan et al. 2022). Five subgenera are recognized for the Palaearctic species. Only a few Northeast Asian species are assigned to those subgenera.</p><p>Remarks. This genus is apparently an assemblage of heterogeneous species that cannot be reliably placed in any other genera of the Smicromyrmini . Extensive taxonomic revision is needed for South and Southeast Asian species. It has recently been discovered that the gender of Smicromyrme is actually feminine (Brothers &amp; Lelej, in prep.) rather than masculine (Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008), so it is treated as such in this paper.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD1FFC1FF6BF9438AD5FBFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD7FFC1FF6BFB288D00F847.text	038287B8FFD7FFC1FF6BFB288D00F847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicromyrme thaochani Williams 2019	<div><p>Smicromyrme thaochani Williams, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FC8E183E-12AF-4733-AF1E-147BBE59CA0E</p><p>(Figs 18E, 18F)</p><p>Smicromyrme thaochani Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 29, ♀, holotype ♀ (Baan Maka Nature Lodge, Krachan, Kaeng, Phetchaburi, Thailand) [CSCA]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 203; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 8♀. Vietnam: VINH PHUC: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7/lat 21.383333)">Melinh</a>, 21°23'N 105°42'E, alt. 56 m, 20.VII.2010, J. Kantoh leg. [1♀ ELKU] ; Phúc Yên, Ng ọc <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7126/lat 21.3885)">Thanh</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7126&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.3885" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7126/lat 21.3885)">Melinh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21.3884995°N 105.712599695°E, 68 m alt., 6.VI.2023, L.T.P. Nguyen et al. leg. [2♀ IEBR] ; GIA LAI: 20 km N Buon Luoi, 3–12.XI.1988, A. Sharkov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.31517&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.203472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.31517/lat 14.203472)">Mang Yang</a>, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14°12'12.5"N 108°18'54.6"E, h = 908.5 m, 13.IX.2023, Đ.T. Hoa leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; DONG NAI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.4275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.4275/lat 11.421111)">Cat Tien National Park</a>, 11°25'16"N 107°25'39"E, 110 m, 25.VI–9.VII.2018, L. Anisyutkin leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, H. Mizushima leg. [1♀ TUA] ; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, S. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Williams et al. (2019b) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. Thailand. Vietnam *: Vinh Phuc, Gia Lai, Dong Nai, Ba Ria-Vung Tau.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, June, July, September, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 56–908.5 m alt. Forest opening (Fig. 30A).</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. In coloration, this species is similar to Sm. triguttata below. Two females from Binh Chau have legs almost entirely black, unlike other specimens (Figs 18A, 18B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD7FFC1FF6BFB288D00F847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD4FFC2FF6BFF0B8AADFB32.text	038287B8FFD4FFC2FF6BFF0B8AADFB32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicromyrme triguttata Mickel 1933	<div><p>Smicromyrme triguttata Mickel, 1933</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CA6FD63D-EBA9-4FD3-AE6C-DDB8A08B2198 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A32593B6-9480-4B86-B7F9-92DC9F63593D</p><p>(Figs 18G, 18H)</p><p>Mutilla pandora Smith, 1857: Zavattari 1913: 31, ♀. Misidentification.</p><p>Smicromyrme triguttata Mickel, 1933a: 421, ♀, holotype ♀ (Taihorin [= Dalin], [Chiayi], Formosa [= Taiwan]) [ZMNB]; Suzuki 1934: 25; Mickel 1935: 293, ♀.</p><p>Smicromyrme triguttata triguttata: Chen 1957: 209, ♀; Lelej 2005: 64; Hua 2006: 301.</p><p>Smicromyrme triguttata latisquamula Chen, 1957: 209, ♀, holotype (Kuling [= Guling], Kiangsi [= Jiangxi], China) [TARI]; Lelej 1995b: 27, ♀; Lelej 2005: 64; Hua 2006: 301; Okayasu et al. 2018: 304, ♀. Synonymized by Okayasu (2018: 481) under Smicromyrme triguttata Mickel, 1933 .</p><p>Smicromyrme triguttatus: Okayasu et al. 2018: 306; Williams et al. 2019b: 29, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 190; Thaochan et al. 2022: 164, ♀.</p><p>Smicromyrme (Erimyrme) triguttatus: Okayasu 2018: 481, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Smicromyrme (Erimyrme) triguttatus latisquamulus: Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 3♀. Vietnam: THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.86&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.86/lat 16.198)">Entrance</a>, 16.250°N 107.873°E, 50 m alt., 2–6.VIII.2016, T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 253/BTTNVN [1♀ VNMN]; near Bach Ma National Park, 19 km point, 16.198°N 107.860°E, 1400 m alt., 3–6.VIII.2016, Y. Komeda &amp; T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 253/BTTNVN [2♀ VNMN] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimens (Okayasu 2018).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Thua Thien Hue and Vinh Phuc by Lelej (1995b) and Okayasu (2018).</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Laos. Thailand. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc, Thua Thien Hue.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. August, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests and Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests ecoregions. 50–1400 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is currently placed in the subgenus Erimyrme Lelej, 1985, but no males of that subgenus have been studied in southeast Asia (Pagliano et al. 2020). It seems possible that Sm. triguttata, along with Sm. thaochani, could eventually be moved into a different genus, when males are eventually recognized.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD4FFC2FF6BFF0B8AADFB32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD4FFC2FF6BFA9C8D6AF900.text	038287B8FFD4FFC2FF6BFA9C8D6AF900.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidiini Bischoff 1920	<div><p>Tribe Trogaspidiini Bischoff, 1920</p><p>Genus Eotrogaspidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7CC8609D-DDEC-4B8E-BCD7-6244FBCE784D</p><p>Eotrogaspidia Lelej, 1996b: 21, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 81; Lelej 2005: 77; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 21; Pagliano et al. 2020: 245; Okayasu et al. 2021a: 58, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla auroguttata Smith, 1855 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes one Palaearctic and nine Oriental species (Okayasu et al. 2021a). In East Asia, it is represented by four species.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Okayasu et al. (2021a), but, afterward, additional undescribed species were recognized from Thailand and Vietnam (JO pers. obs.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD4FFC2FF6BFA9C8D6AF900	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD4FFC3FF6BF9718C0BF965.text	038287B8FFD4FFC3FF6BF9718C0BF965.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eotrogaspidia auroguttata (Smith 1855)	<div><p>Eotrogaspidia auroguttata (Smith, 1855)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7DBC9CA9-FCC1-45AB-9A0C-3991FD25C166 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3 CAD 83BC-E625-49C7-92A8-D794626D5F0B urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CFB0F7E2-7E71-49D9-9869-9AE3023A5E02 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 153492DD-30CE-49A4-BE6D-64976D4EB20D</p><p>(Figs 19A–19D)</p><p>Mutilla auroguttata Smith, 1855: 53, ♀, holotype ♀ (“ Brasil ”, actually Xianggang [ = Hong Kong, China; Mickel 1939]) [NHMUK]; Dalla Torre 1897: 14; André 1902b: 72.</p><p>Mutilla repraesentans Smith, 1855: Zavattari 1913: 29, ♀. Misidentification.</p><p>Mutilla analis Lepeletier, 1845: Zavattari 1913: 41, ♂, part. Misidentification.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) disparilis Mickel, 1933a: 398, ♂, holotype ♂ (Taihorin [= Dalin], [Chiayi], Formosa [= Taiwan]) [ZMNB]; Mickel 1933c: 314, ♂; Suzuki 1934: 23; Mickel 1935: 234, ♂; Wu 1941: 136. Synonymized by Lelej (1996b: 22) under Eotrogaspidia auroguttata (Smith, 1855) .</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) repraesentoides Mickel, 1933a: 411, ♀, holotype ♀ (Hoozan [= Fengshan], [Kaohsiung], Formosa [= Taiwan]) [SDEI]; Mickel 1933c: 309, ♀; Suzuki 1934: 24; Mickel 1935: 254, ♀; Wu 1941: 136. Synonymized by Mickel (1939: 192) under Timulla auroguttata (Smith, 1855) .</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) auroguttata: Mickel 1939: 192, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia disparilis: Chen 1957: 168, ♂; Tsuneki 1972b: 6, ♂; Murota 1973: 119, ♂; Nambu &amp; Tano 1983: 21, ♂; Tsuneki 1993: 48, ♂.</p><p>Trogaspidia auroguttata auroguttata: Chen 1957: 171, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia auroguttata repraesentoides: Chen 1957: 172, ♀; Tsuneki 1972b: 8, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia vallicola Tsuneki, 1993: 48, ♀, holotype ♀ (Ssuchungchi, Pintung Pref. [= Pingtung], Taiwan) [MNHAH]; Hashimoto &amp; Nakanishi 1997: 31. Synonymized by Okayasu et al. (2021a: 64) under Eotrogaspidia auroguttata (Smith, 1855) .</p><p>Eotrogaspidia auroguttata: Lelej 1996b: 22, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 81; Lelej 2005: 78; Hua 2006: 299; Pagliano 2011: 44, ♀; Terayama et al. 2011: 22, ♂ ♀; Lo Cascio 2015: 548; Okayasu 2016: 61, ♀; Terayama et al. 2016: 168, ♂ ♀; Barthélémy et al. 2018: 237, ♂ ♀, part; Okayasu et al. 2018: 309, ♀; Ito 2018: 25, ♂; Williams et al. 2019b: 32, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 245; Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino 2021: 122, ♂ ♀; Okayasu et al. 2021a: 63, ♂ ♀; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 77, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 3♂ 6♀. Vietnam: BAC KAN: Ba Be Nat. Park, 31.VII–2.VIII.2000, K. Okajima leg. [3♀ TUA] ; LANG SON: Huu Lung, Huu Lien, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.41011&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.5635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.41011/lat 21.5635)">Lan Nghe</a>, Huu Lien NR, 21°33'48.6"N 106°24'36.4"E, 289 m, 11.VI.2018, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien], TXL [= Truong Xuan Lam], TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat], LVT [= Lam V. Tinh] &amp; NTTH [= Nguyen Thi Thu Ha] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; VINH PHUC: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.61609&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.440811" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.61609/lat 21.440811)">Tam Dao</a>, 21.440811°N 105.616088°E, 383 m alt., 7.VI.2023, L.T.P. Nguyen leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; THANH HOA: Pu Luong N.R., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.1483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.4315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.1483/lat 20.4315)">Thanh Lam</a>, 20.4315°N 105.1483°E, 900 m alt., 29.VII.2019, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♂ OMNH] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Ben Cat</a>, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 8.VII.2023, X.L. Truong, T.P.L. Nguyen, Q.C. Nguyen &amp; T.N. Tran leg. [2♀ IEBR] ; QUANG TRI: Dak Rông, A Ngo, 150–200 m, 31.V.2006, ISD [= Insect Systematic Department] leg. [1♂ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimens (Okayasu et al. 2021a).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Bac Kan, Dak Lak, Hoa Binh, Kon Tum, Nghe An, and Quang Ninh by Williams et al. (2019b), Okayasu et al. (2021a), and Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen (2024). Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino (2021) examined a single specimen from Vietnam, but additional locality data were unavailable.</p><p>Distribution. Bhutan. China. Taiwan. India. Indonesia. Japan. Laos. Myanmar. Thailand. Vietnam: Bac Kan, Lang Son *, Vinh Phuc *, Quang Ninh, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa *, Nghe An, Ha Tinh *, Quang Tri *, Kon Tum, Dak Lak.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, June to August, October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Luang Prabang montane rain forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Northern Annamites rain forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 30–900 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was described as Timulla disparilis Mickel, 1933 and associated by Lelej (1996b) based on the sex association made by Børge Petersen, but the evidence of this association was not indicated. This association is supported by males and females repeatedly collected at the same place (Williams et al. 2019b; Okayasu et al. 2021a).</p><p>Remarks. A habitus photo of the holotype of this species is available in Okayasu et al. (2018). Photos of the holotype of Timulla repraesentoides are available in Chan et al. (2025). This is one of the most widespread and common velvet-ant species in East Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD4FFC3FF6BF9718C0BF965	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFDBFFCDFF6BFF0B8D2CFBA6.text	038287B8FFDBFFCDFF6BFF0B8D2CFBA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eotrogaspidia oryzae (Pagden 1934)	<div><p>Eotrogaspidia oryzae (Pagden, 1934)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 11BEEAB7-CE24-468B-BC0D-526C6DFF85B8</p><p>(Figs 19E–19H)</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) oryzae Pagden, 1934a: 426, ♂ ♀, holotype ♂ (Simpang Lima, Alor Pongsu, Krian, Perak, Federated</p><p>Malay States [= Malaysia]) [NHMUK]; Mickel 1935: 236, ♂ ♀. Timulla (Trogaspidia) amans oryzae: Pagden 1949: 229, ♂ ♀. Eotrogaspidia amans oryzae: Lelej 1996b: 22, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 78. Eotrogaspidia oryzae: Williams et al. 2019b: 32, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 245; Okayasu et al. 2021a: 79, ♂ ♀; Thaochan et al.</p><p>2022: 163, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 18♀. Vietnam: THAI NGUYEN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.6/lat 21.583334)">Na Hau Village</a>, forest, 21°35'N 105°36'E, 8.XI.2001, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Ben Cat</a>, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 8.VII.2023, X.L. Truong, T.P.L. Nguyen, Q.C. Nguyen &amp; T.N. Tran leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; KIEN GIANG: U Minh Thuong, An Minh Bac, U <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.13778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.901667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.13778/lat 9.901667)">Minh Thuong</a> NP, 9°54'6"N 105°8'16"E, 30 m, 11.X.2023, NDA [= Nguyen Duc Anh] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♀ IEBR], 12.X.2023 [15♀ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Laos and Thailand (Okayasu et al. 2021a) [EUMJ, TUA].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Hanoi and Hoa Binh by Williams et al. (2019b) and Okayasu et al. (2021a).</p><p>Distribution. Laos. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen *, Hanoi, Hoa Binh, Ha Tinh *, Kien Giang *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, July, October to December. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Northern Annamites rain forests, and Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests ecoregions. 30–300 m alt. Meadow, forest.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes collected in copula.</p><p>Remarks. Unlike most Vietnamese mutilline females, the whitish setal patches on the disc of the second metasomal tergum are composed of mostly sub-erect sparse setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFDBFFCDFF6BFF0B8D2CFBA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFDBFFCDFF6BFB178C58F99F.text	038287B8FFDBFFCDFF6BFB178C58F99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia Lelej 1996	<div><p>Genus Krombeinidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FB9E89E8-5A8D-4AA2-8C9F-F7D150DB6158</p><p>Krombeinidia Lelej, 1996b: 11, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 65; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 31; Pagliano et al. 2020: 250. Type species: Krombeinidia peterseni Lelej, 1996 (♂ ♀, holotype ♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This Oriental genus is widespread in this region with 23 species and has two species in Wallacea (Lelej 2005, 2024; Williams et al. 2019b; Okayasu 2021a, 2023a).</p><p>Remarks. This genus is difficult to define and many species that were formerly included in Krombeinidia have been transferred to other genera, such as the female of Neotrogaspidia circumcincta (André, 1896) and males of the genus Arkaditilla Okayasu, 2021 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFDBFFCDFF6BFB178C58F99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFDBFFCEFF6BF9C88B14FEF9.text	038287B8FFDBFFCEFF6BF9C88B14FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia chang Williams 2019	<div><p>Krombeinidia chang Williams, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9A5A4C53-C44F-4C12-9780-F66B024249D3</p><p>(Figs 20A, 20B)</p><p>Krombeinidia chang Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 35, ♀, holotype ♀ (Baan Maka Nature Lodge, Krachan, Kaeng, Phetchaburi, Thailand) [CSCA]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 250; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 5♀. Vietnam: HA TINH: Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Ben Cat</a>, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 8.VII.2023, X.L. Truong, T.P.L. Nguyen, Q.C. Nguyen &amp; T.N. Tran leg. [3♀ IEBR] ; BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, S. Okajima leg. [2♀ TUA] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Williams et al. (2019b) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. Thailand. Vietnam *: Ha Tinh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, July. Northern Annamites rain forests and Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregions. 30 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The female of this species differs from other species of Krombeinidia by having the procoxa armed with a smooth tubercle, legs black, and S6 bidentate posteriorly, and probably belongs to a different genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFDBFFCEFF6BF9C88B14FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD8FFCFFF6BF96E8B37FEF9.text	038287B8FFD8FFCFFF6BF96E8B37FEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia griseomaculata (Andre 1898)	<div><p>Krombeinidia griseomaculata (André, 1898)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5A2D5DAD-26E7-489C-8DED-C02D1BE18F3A</p><p>Mutilla griseomaculata André, 1898: 22, ♀, holotype ♀ (Cochinchine [= south Vietnam]) [MNHN]; André 1902b: 39.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) griseomaculata: Mickel 1933c: 316, ♀; Yasumatsu 1948: 72, ♀.</p><p>Smicromyrme griseomaculata: Chen 1957: 190, ♀; He et al. 2004: 950, ♀.</p><p>Krombeinidia griseomaculata: Lelej 1996b: 15, ♀; Lelej 2005: 66; Hua 2006: 300; Lo Cascio 2015: 551; Pagliano et al. 2020: 251; Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino 2021: 123, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from southern Vietnam by André (1898), but additional locality data were unavailable. Later, Lelej (1996b) recorded this species from Ba Ria-Vung Tau and Kien Giang. Distribution. China. Indonesia. Thailand. Vietnam: Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Kien Giang. Occurrence in Vietnam. April. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregion. Sex association. Male unknown. Remarks. Although this species was initially described from Vietnam, it has been collected infrequently.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD8FFCFFF6BF96E8B37FEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD9FFCFFF6BFE2A8D0DFB37.text	038287B8FFD9FFCFFF6BFE2A8D0DFB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia meeungensis (Cockerell 1928)	<div><p>Krombeinidia meeungensis (Cockerell, 1928)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C0968BB8-8E02-4190-A9CC-E7F60D84528A</p><p>(Figs 20C, 20D)</p><p>Mutilla meeungensis Cockerell, 1928: 599, ♀, holotype ♀ (Pah Meeung Mountain [= Pahmeeung Mountain (Cockerell 1929)],</p><p>[Nan], Siam [= Thailand]) [NMNH]. Petersenidia meeungensis: Lelej 2005: 71; Okayasu et al. 2018: 304, ♀. Krombeinidia meeungensis: Williams et al. 2019b: 33, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 251; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 6♀. Vietnam: GIA LAI: 20 km N Buon Luoi, 3–12.XI.1988, A. Sharkov leg. [4♀ IBSS], 20.XI.1988 [1♀ IBSS] ; DONG NAI: National Park Cat Tien, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.44056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.446944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.44056/lat 11.446944)">river Dong Nai</a>, dipterocarp forest, sand near river, 11°26'49"N 107°26'26"E, 26.VIII.2008, V. Zryanin leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b) [SKYC].</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Thailand. Vietnam *: Gia Lai, Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. August, November. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. Sand near river.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown. In Gia Lai, one undescribed male has been collected at the same place and date as four females and they may belong to the same species .</p><p>Remarks. This species was placed in Petersenidia by Lelej (2005), but it has a distinct posterior pale setal band on the second metasomal tergum and belongs in Krombeinidia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD9FFCFFF6BFE2A8D0DFB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFD9FFC8FF6BFB678CE7FE76.text	038287B8FFD9FFC8FF6BFB678CE7FE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Krombeinidia subfossata (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Krombeinidia subfossata (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1ABBDE75-246A-40FC-8BC3-CBB313D4D957</p><p>(Figs 20E, 20F)</p><p>Smicromyrme subfossata Chen, 1957: 188, ♂, holotype ♂ ( Suipeichieh [= Shui Pei Kai], Shaowu, Fukien [= Fujian], China)</p><p>[TARI]. Petersenidia subfossata: Lelej &amp; Yamane 1992: 629. Krombeinidia subfossata: Lelej 1996b: 14, ♂; Lelej 2005: 67; Hua 2006: 300; Lo Cascio 2015: 551; Pagliano et al. 2020: 251;</p><p>Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino 2021: 123, ♂; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♂; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 77, ♂.</p><p>Material examined. 3♂. Vietnam: DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, eco-trail, 100 m, 13–20.V.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Cat Tien NP, Ficus trail, 100 m, 1–9.X.2005, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [2♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with type [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Gia Lai by Lelej (1996b).</p><p>Distribution. China. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam: Gia Lai, Dong Nai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, July, October. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 100 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This could be the male of Krombeinidia griseomaculata, but there are likely to be additional undescribed morphospecies of both sexes present in Vietnam.</p><p>Genus Neotrogaspidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ABD6AFA5-BC36-4E14-A791-FCBFD406DEC4</p><p>Neotrogaspidia Lelej, 1996b: 20, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 82; Lelej 2005: 79; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 39; Pagliano et al. 2020: 253; Okayasu 2023a: 2, ♂ ♀. Type species: Mutilla pustulata Smith, 1873 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes nine species (Lelej 2002, 2005, 2024; Brothers 2022; Okayasu 2023a). Eight species occur in East Asia including Wallacea and one species is known from Central Asia.</p><p>Remarks. Northeast Asian species of this genus were reviewed by Okayasu (2023a), in which an identification key to all Neotrogaspidia species was provided.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFD9FFC8FF6BFB678CE7FE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFDEFFC8FF6BFDA08CAFF8F8.text	038287B8FFDEFFC8FF6BFDA08CAFF8F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotrogaspidia circumcincta (Andre 1896)	<div><p>Neotrogaspidia circumcincta (André, 1896)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F557AD50-261A-44A6-BCAA-F1D5FEFCA3A2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3EF19E76-01EE-4CBE-A92E-37EFBD3C7FEA urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E9303B87-40E6-4717-B512-45272E20255C</p><p>(Figs 21A–21D)</p><p>Mutilla circumcincta André, 1896b: 71, ♀, lectotype ♀ ( Balighe [= Balige], [Sumatra Utara], Sumatra, Indonesia) [MSNG],</p><p>designated by Mickel (1933c: 314); André 1902b: 38; André 1905: 212, ♂ ♀. Timulla (Trogaspidia) circumcincta: Mickel 1933c: 314, ♀; Mickel 1935: 267, ♀; Wu 1941: 136. Trogaspidia circumcincta: Chen 1957: 171, ♀; He et al. 2004: 962, ♀. Trogaspidia yuliensis Tsuneki, 1972b: 12, ♂, holotype ♂ (Yuli, Hualien Pref., Formosa [= Taiwan]) [NMNH]; Lelej 2005: 105;</p><p>Hua 2006: 301; Pagliano et al. 2020: 293. Synonymized by Okayasu (2023a: 5) under Neotrogaspidia circumcincta (André,</p><p>1896). Trogaspidia tethys (Mickel, 1934): Tsuneki 1993: 48, ♂. Misidentification. Orientidia circumcincta: Lelej 2005: 68; Hua 2006: 300; Okayasu et al. 2018: 304, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 254; Pagliano &amp;</p><p>Scaramozzino 2021: 124, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀. Krombeinidia agricola Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 34, ♀, holotype ♀ (Vimarndin farm stay, Thong Pha Phum,</p><p>Kanchanaburi, Thailand) [CSCA]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 250; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Synonymized by Okayasu (2023a: 6) under Neotrogaspidia circumcincta (André, 1896) . Neotrogaspidia circumcincta: Okayasu 2023a: 5, ♂ ♀; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 77.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂ 4♀. Vietnam: HANOI: Hanoi capital island in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.85/lat 21.05)">Red River</a>, 21°3'N 105°51'E, 24.XI.2014 [1♀ EUMJ] ; HOA BINH: Tonkin [= North Vietnam], Hoa Binh, VIII.1940, A. de Cooman leg. [2♀ TARI] ; QUANG NAM: Tam K ỳ, Tam Th ắng, 15°37'22.4"N 108°29'2"E, h = 7 m, 22.IV.2023, ĐTH [= Dang Thi Hoa], NĐH [= Nguyen Duc Hiep] &amp; ĐDT [= Tran Dinh Duong] leg. [1♂ IEBR]; KIEN GIANG: U Minh Thuong, An Minh Bac, U Minh Thuong NP, 9°54'6"N 105°8'16"E, 30 m, 12.X.2023, NDA [= Nguyen Duc Anh] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♀ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimens (Okayasu 2023a).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Hanoi and Hoa Binh by Okayasu (2023a).</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Indonesia. Laos. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam: Hanoi, Hoa Binh, Quang Nam *, Kien Giang *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April, August, October, November. Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests ecoregions. 7–30 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was associated and described by André (1905) based on a pair in copula.</p><p>Remarks. Photos of the holotype of Trogaspidia yuliensis are available in Chan et al. (2025). A female from Minh Thuong National Park has the third metasomal tergum dark brown, showing an intermediate state of the typical form and black color variant (Okayasu 2023a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFDEFFC8FF6BFDA08CAFF8F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFDFFFCAFF6BF9DE8C3EFD7B.text	038287B8FFDFFFCAFF6BF9DE8C3EFD7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotrogaspidia recticarinata (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Neotrogaspidia recticarinata (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0F4E2F6F-C31C-465B-BA56-87F4A450CC29</p><p>(Figs 21E, 21F)</p><p>Trogaspidia recticarinata Chen, 1957: 167, ♂, holotype ♂ (Lungchi, Fukien [= Fujian], China) [TARI]; Lelej 2005: 99; Hua 2006: 301; Pagliano et al. 2020: 289.</p><p>Trogaspidia circumcincta: He et al. 2004: 962.</p><p>Neotrogaspidia recticarinata: Okayasu 2023a: 18, ♂.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂. Vietnam: HANOI: Hanoi, meadow, 7.X.1990, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♂ IBSS]. Identification source. Keyed using Okayasu (2023a) and compared with the original description .</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Vietnam *: Hanoi.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. October. Red River freshwater swamp forests. Meadow. Sex association. Female unknown. Remarks. This species is closely related to Neo. circumcincta . These two species are distinguished only by the morphology of the male clypeus and penis valve (Okayasu 2023a). Interestingly, they are both found in Hanoi. Discovery of the female of Neo. recticarinata is needed to reevaluate their relationship.</p><p>Genus Nonveilleridia Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3EDBF019-C8CA-4AFA-BFC0-5E47B8013BAF</p><p>Nonveilleridia Lelej, 1996b: 20, ♂; Lelej 2005: 80; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 40; Pagliano et al. 2020: 254. Type species: Mutilla bataviana André, 1909 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes the type species only.</p><p>Remarks. This genus is morphologically unique and easily recognized (Lelej 1996b, 2005). Discovery of the female is still awaited. Williams et al. (2019b) suspected that this genus might be associated with a female currently included in Krombeinidia or Trogaspidia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFDFFFCAFF6BF9DE8C3EFD7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFDCFFCAFF6BFCAB8DC6F84D.text	038287B8FFDCFFCAFF6BFCAB8DC6F84D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nonveilleridia bataviana (Andre 1909)	<div><p>Nonveilleridia bataviana (André, 1909)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ABEFADF6-CDA2-4B2D-B2C3-A3D924394D81</p><p>(Figs 22A, 22B)</p><p>Mutilla bataviana André, 1909: 177, ♂, syntypes ♂ ( Moeara Antjol, [Jakarta, Indonesia]; Batavia [= Jakarta], [Indonesia])</p><p>[RMNH]; Zavattari 1914: 100, ♂. Timulla (Trogaspidia) bataviana: Mickel 1935: 250, ♂; Pagden 1949: 217, ♂. Nonveilleridia bataviana: Lelej 1996b: 20, ♂; Lelej 2005: 80; Lo Cascio 2015: 553; Zhou et al. 2018a: 27, ♂; Williams et al.</p><p>2019b: 37; Pagliano et al. 2020: 254.</p><p>Material examined. 4♂. Vietnam: THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.873&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.873/lat 16.25)">Entrance</a>, 16.250N, 107.873E, 50 m alt., 2–6.VIII.2016, T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 253/BTTNVN [1♂ VNMN] ; GIA LAI: Buon Luoi, from stomach of frog [1♂ IBSS]; DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, Dong trail, 100 m, 13–19.V.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [2♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimen (Lelej 1996b).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Gia Lai and Hanoi by Lelej (1996b) and Williams et al. (2019b).</p><p>Distribution. China. Indonesia. Thailand. Vietnam: Hanoi, Thua Thien Hue*, Gia Lai, Dong Nai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, August. Red River freshwater swamp forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 50–100 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is widespread in southeastern Asia, but it is rarely collected.</p><p>Genus Orientidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 127C21B8-988D-45FB-8D0D-74CB8EBA0A90</p><p>Orientidia Lelej, 1996b: 10, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 80; Lelej 2005: 68; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 42; Pagliano et al. 2020: 254. Type species: Mutilla proserpina Smith, 1858 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes nine Oriental East Asian species (Lelej 2005; Williams et al. 2019b; Pagliano et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks. There is no useful key to identify Orientidia species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFDCFFCAFF6BFCAB8DC6F84D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFDDFFB4FF6BF9BB8DCAFCEA.text	038287B8FFDDFFB4FF6BF9BB8DCAFCEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orientidia thoawanae Williams 2019	<div><p>Orientidia thoawanae Williams, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5011918C-07A3-49C4-9D8A-9A13A3C31E4B</p><p>(Figs 22C, 22D)</p><p>Orientidia thoawanae Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 38, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand) [CSCA]; Thaochan et al. 2022: 163, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Orientidia thoawani [sic]: Pagliano et al. 2020: 254. Incorrect subsequent spelling.</p><p>Material examined. 7♀. Vietnam: QUANG NINH: Dong Kho Island, 21°06'N 107°36'E, 20.III.1987, V. Kuznetzov leg. [2♀ IBSS]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.6/lat 21.1)">Dong Kho Island</a>, litter, 21.III.1987, L. Filatova leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; HOA BINH: Ha Son Binh Prov. [= Hoa Binh], Da Bac, Tuly [= Tu Ly], forest, 19.X.1990, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♀ IBSS]; Ky Son, Cao Phong, forest, 28.X.1990, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; NINH BINH: Cuc Phuong, 27.IV.1996, Y. Okushima leg. [1♀ TUA]; Nho Quan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.588&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.354" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.588/lat 20.354)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, 20.354N, 105.588E, 500 m alt., 8.VIII.2016, T. Mita leg., 314/BTTNVN [1♀ VNMN] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Williams et al. (2019b) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam *: Quang Ninh, Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, April, August, October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, and Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests ecoregions. 500 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Unlike other Orientidia females, this species has a narrow spine-like scutellar scale. Discovery of the male could confirm its placement in Orientidia or necessitate its transfer to a different genus, possibly Promecidia Lelej, 1996 .</p><p>Genus Pagdenidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D8D30846-46C8-41F0-84ED-793E361FC57C</p><p>Pagdenidia Lelej, 1996b: 7, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 69; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 42; Pagliano et al. 2020: 254. Type species: Timulla (Trogaspidia) mickeli Pagden, 1949 (♂ ♀, holotype ♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This Oriental genus includes seven species (Lelej 2005; Pagliano et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks. Of the seven Pagdenidia species, six species are known from the male only and one species, Pa. mickeli, is known from both sexes. This genus was reviewed by Pagden (1949) as the Timulla (Trogaspidia) erato group. His identification key includes six species known at that time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFDDFFB4FF6BF9BB8DCAFCEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA2FFB5FF6BFC5B8F04FEDD.text	038287B8FFA2FFB5FF6BFC5B8F04FEDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pagdenidia hymalajensis (Radoszkowski 1885)	<div><p>Pagdenidia hymalajensis (Radoszkowski, 1885)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7E057AFF-4388-40DF-8CFA-B3A28BF7F565 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 081B6A27-65B6-47E3-9E11-97EDC459897D</p><p>(Figs 22E, 22F)</p><p>Mutilla hymalajensis Radoszkowski, 1885: 13, ♂, holotype ♂ (Himalaja [= Himalaya]) [ISEA]; Dalla Torre 1897: 47.</p><p>Mutilla himalajensis [sic]: André 1899: 30, ♂. Incorrect subsequent spelling.</p><p>Mutilla himalayensis [sic]: André 1902b: 39. Incorrect subsequent spelling.</p><p>Mutilla stephani Magretti, 1892: 31, ♂, lectotype ♂ (Monti dei Carin–Chebà (900–1000 m. s./m.) [= mountain area in Karen Hills], [Myanmar]) [MSNG], designated by Pagden (1949: 205); Bingham 1897: 43, ♂; Dalla Torre 1897: 88; Clausen et al. 1932: 22. Synonymized by André (1899: 30) under Mutilla hymalajensis Radoszkowski, 1885 .</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) stephani: Pagden 1949: 204, ♂.</p><p>Pagdenidia stephani: Lelej 1996b: 7, ♂.</p><p>Pagdenidia hymalajensis: Lelej 2005: 69; Pagliano et al. 2020: 255.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂. Vietnam: GIA LAI: Buon Luoi, 22.III–10.IV.1995, A. Gorochov leg. [1♂ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from China and Thailand (Lelej 1996b, 2005) [ZMMU].</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. India. Myanmar. Thailand. Vietnam *: Gia Lai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, April. Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregion.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is a hyperparasitoid of Tiphia matura Allen &amp; Jaynes, 1930 (= Tiphia simlaensis Cameron, 1904; syn. by Allen 1975: 27) ( Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) on a scarab beetle ( Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (Clausen et al. 1932).</p><p>Genus Petersenidia Lelej, 1992</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0922C40C-C9F8-4249-97B6-453953E0A270</p><p>Petersenidia Lelej in Lelej &amp; Yamane, 1992: 628, ♂ ♀; Lelej 1996b: 9, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 70; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 45; Pagliano et al. 2020: 255. Type species: Smicromyrme fukudai Tsuneki, 1972 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus is widespread in the Oriental Region and reaches the Palaearctic part of Japan. Forty-four species are included (Lelej 2005, 2021; Williams et al. 2019b; Pagliano et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks. Many species of the former Petersenidiini Lelej, 1996, whose systematic position is uncertain, are now placed in this genus (Williams et al. 2019b). Of the 44 Petersenidia species, 22 are doubtfully assigned to this genus at present.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA2FFB5FF6BFC5B8F04FEDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA3FFB5FF6BFE0E8CCFFB33.text	038287B8FFA3FFB5FF6BFE0E8CCFFB33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petersenidia dorsispinata (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Petersenidia dorsispinata (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2E5E791C-1710-4A1E-88DD-AE3726EE0401</p><p>(Figs 23A, 23B)</p><p>Smicromyrme dorsispinata Chen, 1957: 192, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Hwangkeng, Kienyang [= Jianyang], Fukien [= Fujian], China) [TARI].</p><p>Petersenidia dorsispinata: Lelej 2005: 70; Hua 2006: 300; Okayasu et al. 2018: 304, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 255; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 3♀. Vietnam: HOA BINH: Ha Son Binh Prov. [= Hoa Binh], Da Bac, Tuly [= Tu Ly], forest, 19.X.1990, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♀ ZISP] ; GIA LAI: Gia Lai Con Tum Prov. [= Gia Lai], 20 km N Buon Luoi, Tram Lap, 13.II.1993, A. Gorochov leg. [1♀ ZISP] ; LAM DONG: South Annam Lam Dong Prov. [= Lam Dong], Cat Tien, III.2004, A. Anichkin &amp; A. Evsyunin leg. [1♀ ZISP] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with types [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Vietnam by Lelej (2005) without reference to voucher specimens. Okayasu et al. (2018) examined a single female specimen of this species, but additional locality data were unavailable.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam: Hoa Binh *, Gia Lai *, Lam Dong *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. February, March, October.Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. Compared to Pe. leleji, this species has larger golden-tinted discal spots on the second metasomal tergum and a more angular mesosomal shape.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA3FFB5FF6BFE0E8CCFFB33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA3FFB5FF6BFA9D8C58F895.text	038287B8FFA3FFB5FF6BFA9D8C58F895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petersenidia leleji Williams 2019	<div><p>Petersenidia leleji Williams, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3A3564FB-C26C-4166-8817-22D6DD4B39B0</p><p>(Figs 23C, 23D)</p><p>Petersenidia leleji Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 40, ♀, holotype ♀ (2.4 km S Ban Na, Farm, Phatthalung, Thailand) [CSCA]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 256; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Hoa Binh, Quang Ninh, and Vinh Phuc in Williams et al. (2019b).</p><p>Distribution. Thailand. Vietnam: Vinh Phuc, Quang Ninh, Hoa Binh.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, April, October, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests and Northern Indochina subtropical forests ecoregions. 1120 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown.</p><p>Remarks. In Vietnam, this species might be locally abundant, because it is known from 21 females from five localities (Williams et al. 2019b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA3FFB5FF6BFA9D8C58F895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA0FFB7FF6BF9FC8DE7FCEB.text	038287B8FFA0FFB7FF6BF9FC8DE7FCEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petersenidia scaphella (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Petersenidia scaphella (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1F5412AA-5AD9-4B3F-AC82-E78D85461290</p><p>(Figs 23E, 23F)</p><p>Smicromyrme scaphella Chen, 1957: 187, ♂, holotype ♂ ( Tachulan [= Dazhulan], Shaowu, Fukien [= Fujian], China) [TARI]; He et al. 2004: 956, ♂ .</p><p>Petersenidia scaphella: Lelej &amp; Yamane 1992: 629; Lelej 1996b: 10, ♂; Lelej 2005: 72; Hua 2006: 300; Pagliano et al. 2020: 257.</p><p>Material examined. 3♂. Vietnam: LAO CAI: Sapa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.77483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.353033" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.77483/lat 22.353033)">Tram Ton</a>, 1926 m alt., 22°21.182'N 103°46.49'E, 23.VI.2012, T. Mita leg. [1♂ VNMN] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang NP, 18°19'38"N 105°26'28"E, 116 m, 23.IX–5.X.2009, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [2♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with types [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Ha Son Binh (now Hoa Binh) by Lelej (1996b).</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam: Lao Cai *, Hoa Binh, Ha Tinh *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. June, September, October. Northern Indochina subtropical forests and Northern Annamites rain forests ecoregions. 116–1926 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This male seems likely to be eventually associated with either Pe. dorsispinata or Pe. leleji .</p><p>Genus Promecidia Lelej, 1996</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D6565E4B-194B-4686-80F1-8371EA601CF6</p><p>Promecidia Lelej, 1996b: 15, ♀; Lelej 2005: 80, ♂ ♀; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 47; Lelej et al. 2016: 105, ♂ ♀; Pagliano e t al. 2020: 257. Type species: Promecidia yamanei Lelej, 1996 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus is widespread in the Oriental Region with 12 species (Lelej et al. 2016; Williams et al. 2019b; Lelej 2024).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Lelej et al. (2016). However, many undescribed species are recognized from East Asia (JO pers. obs.). Females of Orientidia and Promecidia are easily confused by having two pale setal spots on the metasomal tergum 2 and the pygidial plate smooth and convex (Williams et al. 2019b). However, they are clearly distinguished by the male morphology (Lelej 1996b, 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA0FFB7FF6BF9FC8DE7FCEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA1FFB7FF6BFC5B8A9DF9A7.text	038287B8FFA1FFB7FF6BFC5B8A9DF9A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecidia abnormis Lelej 2016	<div><p>Promecidia abnormis Lelej, 2016</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 64E4361A-1D5E-42B9-9802-1ECCEF59C72F</p><p>(Figs 24A, 24B)</p><p>Promecidia abnormis Lelej in Lelej et al., 2016: 107, ♂, holotype ♂ (Nankunshan Provincial Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China) [SCAU]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 257.</p><p>Material examined. 2♂. Vietnam: DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near river, 740 m, 1–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Chu Yang Sin NP, Krong K’Mar, 760 m, 21–26.X.2005, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Lelej et al. (2016) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Dak Lak.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. June, October. Southern Annamites montane rain forests and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 740–760 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species can be recognized by the small sharp ventral mandibular tooth and tooth-like carina on the second metasomal sternum. It is much rarer than Promecidia birmanica (Dalla Torre, 1897) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA1FFB7FF6BFC5B8A9DF9A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA1FFB1FF6BF9118B31FE15.text	038287B8FFA1FFB1FF6BF9118B31FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecidia birmanica (Dalla Torre 1897)	<div><p>Promecidia birmanica (Dalla Torre, 1897)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 254143AB-5358-4B50-B8C4-2A0CE5C78230 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 19DB50E9-9439-4302-A6D4-A874F2EA54AF</p><p>(Figs 24C, 24D)</p><p>Mutilla schlettereri Magretti, 1892 (nom. preocc., non Morawitz 1890): 230, ♂, holotype ♂ (Monti dei Carin–Chebá [= mountain area in Karen Hills], [Myanmar]) [MSNG]; Bingham 1897: 43, ♂.</p><p>Mutilla birmanica Dalla Torre, 1897: 16 . New name for Mutilla schlettereri Magretti.</p><p>Promecidia birmanica: Lelej 2005: 80, ♂; Lelej et al. 2016: 109, ♂; Thaochan et al. 2022: 164, ♂.</p><p>Promecidia ninnii (Magretti, 1892): Lelej 2005: 81, ♂, part. Misidentification.</p><p>Material examined. 10♂. Vietnam: GIA LAI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.31612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.31612/lat 14.203055)">Mang Yang</a>, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14°12'11"N 108°18'58"E, 834 m, 19.V–3.VI.2022, L.V. Tinh leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR] ; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 500 m, 3–9.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Chu Yang Sin NP, Krong K’Mar, 760 m, 22–26.X.2005, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] ; NINH THUAN: Nui Chua NP, northeast part, 90–150 m, 23–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, bird trail, 100 m, 15–20.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [3♂ RMNH]; Cat Tien NP, eco-trail, 100 m, 13–20.V.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [3♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Lelej et al. (2016) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from “ 70 km NE Saigon ” (= Dong Nai) by Lelej et al. (2016).</p><p>Distribution. India. Laos. Myanmar. Vietnam: Gia Lai *, Dak Lak *, Ninh Thuan *, Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, June, August, October. Southern Annamites montane rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 90–834 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species has been recorded from various lowland forest ecoregions of the Oriental Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA1FFB1FF6BF9118B31FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA7FFB2FF6BFE468F5EFF65.text	038287B8FFA7FFB2FF6BFE468F5EFF65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promecidia ninnii (Magretti 1892)	<div><p>Promecidia ninnii (Magretti, 1892)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8A90104C-DDF7-4C69-9115-9AAE832F044B</p><p>(Figs 24E, 24F)</p><p>Mutilla ninnii Magretti, 1892: 211, ♀, holotype ♀ (Monti dei Carin–Chebà (900–1100 m. s./m.) [= mountain area in Karen Hills], [Myanmar]) [MSNG]; Bingham 1897: 11, ♀; Dalla Torre 1897: 66.</p><p>Promecidia ninnii: Lelej 2005: 81, ♀, part; Lelej et al. 2016: 116, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 41, ♂ ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 257; Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino 2021: 125, ♂; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 3♀. Vietnam: DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, Ficus trail, 100 m, 1–9.X.2005, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [3♀ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b) [CSCA].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Dong Nai by Lelej et al. (2016).</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia. Laos. Malaysia. Myanmar. Thailand. Vietnam: Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. June, October. Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregion. 100 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was recognized by Williams et al. (2019b) based on a pair in copula but has not been formally associated and described.</p><p>Remarks. This species is widespread in Indochina. However, JO recognized a morphospecies from Thailand, which is easily confused with Promecidia ninnii based on diagnostic characters discussed in Lelej et al. (2016) and Williams et al. (2019b). Some previous records may involve misidentification of this morphospecies. Careful reexamination of voucher specimens will be needed.</p><p>Genus Trogaspidia Ashmead, 1899</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BDF8410F-AC2B-410C-88F8-21FA2656E3AF</p><p>Trogaspidia Ashmead, 1899: 58, ♂ ♀; Bishoff 1920: 342, ♂ ♀; Skorikov 1935: 311; Hammer 1949: 4, ♂ ♀; Invrea 1954: 150, ♂ ♀; Nonveiller 1980: 82, ♂ ♀; Lelej 1985: 175, ♂ ♀; Nonveiller 1995: 350, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2002: 83; Lelej 2005: 87; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 63; Pagliano et al. 2020: 273. Type species: Mutilla medon Smith, 1855 (♂), by original designation. Synonymized by André (1902b: 32) under Mutilla Linnaeus, 1758 . Resurrected to valid genus status by Ashmead (1903: 326). Synonymized by Brothers (1975: 592) under Timulla Ashmead, 1899 . Resurrected to valid genus status by Lelej (1978: 72).</p><p>Smicromyrme (Trogaspidia): Bradley &amp; Bequaert 1923: 229, ♂ ♀; Bradley &amp; Bequaert 1928: 90, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia): Mickel 1933a: 388, ♂ ♀; Mickel 1934: 143, ♂ ♀; Mickel 1935: 218, ♂ ♀; Mickel 1937a: 4, ♂; Mickel 1938: 531, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This is one of the most speciose and widespread mutillid genera in the Old World, with about 330 species from the Afrotropical, Australasian, Oriental, and Palaearctic Regions (Lelej 2005; Pagliano et al. 2020; Brothers 2022). Fifty-three species have been recorded from East Asia including Wallacea. Although six subgenera are recognized for some of the Afrotropical species (Nonveiller 1995), the Oriental species have not been assigned to any subgenera.</p><p>Remarks. Because of the species richness and morphological diversity, Trogaspidia species are difficult to identify. Even though there are already more than 50 species, many potential new species are recognized from East Asia (JO pers. obs.). There is substantial variation among the Afrotropical subgenera and the East Asian species are morphologically distinct from the type and its related species, specifically in the male genitalia (Nonveiller 1980, 1995). This suggests that a separate genus may be established for East Asian members after extensive revision of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA7FFB2FF6BFE468F5EFF65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA4FFB2FF6BFED68DD7FA83.text	038287B8FFA4FFB2FF6BFED68DD7FA83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia formosana (Matsumura 1911)	<div><p>Trogaspidia formosana (Matsumura, 1911)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F29170F5-797D-48A3-9A29-97582982E625 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B526B981-CC9A-46D2-BA85-317459EE0FF0</p><p>(Figs 25A–25D)</p><p>Mutilla formosana Matsumura, 1911: 140, ♂ ♀, lectotype ♀ ( Formosa [= Taiwan]) [SEHU], designated by Lelej (2005: 93); Matsumura 1930: 6, ♂ ♀; Matsumura 1931: 29, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Mutilla analis Lepeletier, 1845: Zavattari 1913: 41, ♂, part. Misidentification.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) denotata Mickel, 1933a: 400, ♂, holotype ♂ (Formosa [= Taiwan]) [ZMNB]; Suzuki 1934: 23; Mickel 1935: 239, ♂. Synonymized by Chen (1957: 170) under Trogaspidia formosana (Matsumura, 1911) .</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) formosana: Mickel 1935: 270.</p><p>Trogaspidia formosana: Chen 1957: 170, ♂ ♀; Tsuneki 1972b: 4, ♂ ♀; Murota 1973: 119, ♂; Nambu &amp; Tano 1983: 21, ♂; Tsuneki 1993: 48, ♂; Lelej 2005: 93; Hua 2006: 301; Pagliano 2011: 45, ♂; Lo Cascio 2015: 562; Okayasu et al. 2018: 305, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 283; Pagliano &amp; Scaramozzino 2021: 129, ♂; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 3♂. Vietnam: QUANG NINH: Thanh Lan Island, 13.X.1990, V. Kuznetzov leg. [1♂ IBSS] ; THANH HOA: 45 km W Thanh Hoa, 8.I.1989, B. Korotyaev leg. [1♂ IBSS] ; GIA LAI: Gia Lai Con Tum Prov. [= Gia Lai], Buon Luoi, 3.XI.1993, A. Gorochov leg. [1♂ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Voucher specimens (Lelej 2005).</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Vietnam by Lelej (2005) without reference to voucher specimens.</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Vietnam: Quang Ninh *, Thanh Hoa *, Gia Lai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, October, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, and Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests ecoregions.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes, but the evidence of this association was not indicated. Chen (1957) examined five pairs in copula and confirmed this treatment.</p><p>Remarks. This species seems common in Taiwan. In continental East Asia, it has fewer records, but the specimens examined herein suggest broad distribution in Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA4FFB2FF6BFED68DD7FA83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA4FFBCFF6BFAED8F7AFD19.text	038287B8FFA4FFBCFF6BFAED8F7AFD19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia fuscipennis subsp. fuscipennis (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>Trogaspidia fuscipennis fuscipennis (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 92EA4EC4-5792-45C6-B9C4-30596AFB2E9E</p><p>(Figs 25E–25H)</p><p>Mutilla fuscipennis Fabricius, 1804: 436, ♂, lectotype ♂ (China) [ZMUC], designated by Mickel (1933c: 306); Olivier 1811:</p><p>63; Dalla Torre 1897: 42; André 1902b: 39. Timulla (Trogaspidia) fuscipennis: Mickel 1933c: 306, ♂ ♀; Wu 1941: 136. Trogaspidia fuscipennis fuscipennis: Chen 1957: 169, ♂ ♀; He et al. 2004: 964, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 93; Hua 2006: 301; Pagliano et al. 2020: 283; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀. Trogaspidia fuscipennis: Okayasu et al. 2018: 305, ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 44, ♀; Thaochan et al. 2022: 164, ♀; Okayasu</p><p>2023a: 18, ♂.</p><p>Material examined. 41♂ 83♀. Vietnam: BAC KAN: Ba Be Nat. Park, 31.VII–2.VIII.2000, K. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] ; HANOI: Hanoi, 18–20.V.1982, T. Soldan leg. [1♂ IBSS] ; Hanoi University of Agriculture, 28.VII.2000, K. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] ; Mt. Bavi National Park, 29.VII.2000, K. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] ; QUANG NINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.416664/lat 20.783333)">Phong Vong Island</a>, 20°47'N 107°25'E, 9.X.1990, V. Kuznetzov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; HOA BINH: Hoa Binh, 14.VII.2010, H. Kurokawa leg. [2♀ MTC] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.295834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.375/lat 18.295834)">Co Ranger Station</a>, 18°17'45"N 105°22'30"E, ca. 78 m alt., 21.IV.2022, L.T.P Nguyen &amp; Ngat T. Tran leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Ben Cat</a>, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 8.VII.2023, X.L. Truong, T.P.L. Nguyen, Q.C. Nguyen &amp; T.N. Tran leg. [8♀ IEBR] ; HO CHI MINH: Saigon, I.1924, Le Moult Vendit [1♂ RBINS] ; BA RIA-VUNG TAU: Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, K. Okajima leg. [3♂ 6♀ TUA], 5.I.2002 [6♂ 8♀ TUA] ; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, T. Ishikawa leg. [2♂ 4♀ TUA], 5.I.2002 [12♂ 19♀ TUA] ; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 4.I.2002, H. Mizushima leg. [1♀ TUA], 5.I.2002 [16♂ 23♀ TUA] ; Xuyen Moc, Binh Chau, 5.I.2002, S. Okajima leg. [6♀ TUA] ; KIEN GIANG: U Minh Thuong, XI.2000, B. T. Viet leg. [1♀ SKYC] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from China (Chen 1957) [TARI].</p><p>Previous record. This subspecies was recorded from Ho Chi Minh by Williams et al. (2019b).</p><p>Distribution. China. Thailand. Vietnam: Bac Kan *, Hanoi *, Quang Ninh *, Hoa Binh *, Ha Tinh *, Ho Chi Minh, Ba Ria-Vung Tau *, Kien Giang *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, April, May, July, August, October, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, Northern Annamites rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests, and Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests ecoregions. 30–78 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This subspecies was initially described from the male only. The female was associated and diagnosed by Mickel (1933c) based on a pair in copula.</p><p>Remarks. The type subspecies is distributed in Taiwan. In China, the pygidial sculpture of this subspecies varies greatly (Chen 1957), suggesting that Tr. fuscipennis may comprise two or more cryptic species. The Vietnamese and Thai specimens, however, all seem to present a similar rugose pygidial form and seem to be conspecific (Williams et al. 2019b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA4FFBCFF6BFAED8F7AFD19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFAAFFBEFF6BFD4A8C76FE31.text	038287B8FFAAFFBEFF6BFD4A8C76FE31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia lingnani (Mickel 1933)	<div><p>Trogaspidia lingnani (Mickel, 1933)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6950B6CD-CE9B-4DD2-AF87-C26579C3CA54</p><p>(Figs 26A–26D)</p><p>Mutilla suspiciosa Smith, 1857: Dover 1926: 234. Misidentification.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) suspiciosa lingnani Mickel, 1933c: 310, ♂, holotype ♂ (Beggar Village, s.w. of Nodoa, Hainan Island, China) [UMSP]; Wu 1941: 137.</p><p>Trogaspidia suspiciosa lingnani: Chen 1957: 170, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia sibylla lingnani: Lelej 2005: 102; Okayasu et al. 2018: 305, ♀; Barthélémy et al. 2018: 238, ♂ ♀; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 78, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia lingnani: Williams et al. 2019b: 46, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 285; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia sibylla minae (Zavattari, 1913): Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S3, ♀. Misidentification.</p><p>Material examined. 5♂ 12♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: Ba Be NP, lodge, 21–26.VI.2008, J.B. Heppner leg., malaise [1♂ FSCA]; LAO CAI: Van Ban, Liem Phu, 300–700 m, 29, 30.IX.2006, K. Eguchi leg. [2♀ SKYC] ; Van Ban, Liem Phu, 450–600 m, 26.IX.2006, K. Eguchi leg. [2♀ SKYC] ; TUYEN QUANG: Lâm Bình, ThƯ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.32252&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.44919" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.32252/lat 22.44919)">Ợng Lâm</a>, maze field, 22.44919°N 105.32252°E, 290 m alt., 25.VI.2024, J. Okayasu leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, 20.VIII.1994, E. Sugonyaev leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; Tam Dao, pine forest, 400–500 m, 9.VIII.1998, Sk. Yamane leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.712776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.388332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.712776/lat 21.388332)">Meninh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21°23'18"N 105°42'46"E, 23–25.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., hand collected [1♂ CSCA] ; QUANG NINH: [ Ha Long], Hoanh Bo, North of Hong Chay, 20.VI.1962, N. Kabakov leg. [1♂ 1♀ IBSS] ; HOA BINH: Da Bac, Tuly [= Tu Ly], road, bamboo, 21.X.1990, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; NINH BINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.6/lat 20.35)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, 20°21'N 105°36'E, 200 m, 7–9.V.2002, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near dam, 800–940 m, 2–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Chu Yang Sin NP, near river, 740 m, 1–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] ; DONG NAI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.44056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.446944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.44056/lat 11.446944)">Cat Tien National Park</a>, 11°26'49"N 107°26'26"E, dipterocarp forest, sand near river, 26.VIII.2008, V. Zryanin leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; Nam Cat Tien National Park, 24.V.2010, V. Zryanin leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with type [SYSM]. Compared with voucher specimens from China (Chen 1957) [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from an ambiguous locality in Vietnam by Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen (2024) as Trogaspidia sibylla minae . However, this record is attributed to T. lingnani given its distribution (see the remarks section below).</p><p>Distribution. China. Laos. Thailand. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Lao Cai *, Tuyen Quang *, Vinh Phuc *, Quang Ninh *, Hoa Binh *, Ninh Binh *, Dak Lak *, Dong Nai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, June, August to October. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 290–940 m alt. Sand near river, bamboo, pine forest, maze field (Fig. 30C).</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the male only. The female was associated and diagnosed by Chen (1957). However, the evidence of this association was not indicated. JO found a pair in copula among Chen’s voucher specimens in TARI.</p><p>Remarks. Until recently (Williams et al. 2019b), this was treated as a subspecies of Tr. sibylla (Smith, 1857) from Borneo.Another subspecies, Tr. sibylla minae (Zavattari, 1913), is more similar to Tr. lignani than to Tr. sibylla in female color pattern, but it is recognized from Taiwan only. Comparison of type material, or future molecular analyses between Taiwanese and mainland populations, could indicate that it is conspecific with Tr. lingnani or that it should be raised to a full species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFAAFFBEFF6BFD4A8C76FE31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA8FFBEFF6BFE628CDDFACF.text	038287B8FFA8FFBEFF6BFE628CDDFACF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia mackieae (Cockerell 1928)	<div><p>Trogaspidia mackieae (Cockerell, 1928)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D4D8308E-2589-4C26-BE4E-6142A184140F urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CF0E2C2B-9A10-4A2C-994F-E7032E3764AC</p><p>(Figs 26E–26H)</p><p>Mutilla mackieae Cockerell, 1928: 597, ♂ ♀, holotype, ♂ (Nan River, Cajun, Siam [= Thailand]) [NMNH].</p><p>Trogaspidia mackieae: Lelej 2005: 97; Pagliano et al. 2020: 285; Okayasu et al. 2021a: 82, ♂ ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia pacifica Tsuneki, 1972b: 10, ♂, holotype ♂ (Chihpenchi, Taitung, Formosa [= Taiwan]) [NMNH]; Lelej 2005; 98; Hua 2006: 301; Pagliano et al. 2020: 288. Synonymized by Okayasu et al. (2021a: 82) under Trogaspidia mackieae (Cockerell, 1928) .</p><p>Trogaspidia wilsoni Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: Williams et al. 2019b: 43, ♀, part. Misidentification.</p><p>Material examined. 15♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: Xa Bang Vin, Ban Pu Mo, 450 m, 1.X.1994, S. Ueno leg. [1♀ NSMT] ; HA TINH: Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Ben Cat</a>, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 8.VII.2023, X.L. Truong, T.P.L. Nguyen, Q.C. Nguyen &amp; T.N. Tran leg. [14♀ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Okayasu et al. 2021a) [TUA].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Hanoi and Son La by Okayasu et al. (2021a).</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Thailand. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Son La, Hanoi, Ha Tinh *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, July, December. Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, and Northern Annamites rain forests ecoregions. 30 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes collected “together”.</p><p>Remarks. Photos of the holotype of Trogaspidia pacifica are available in Chan et al. (2025). Morphologically, the male of this species can be confused with the Eotrogaspidia males (Okayasu et al. 2021a). However, they are distinguished by the shape of male genitalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA8FFBEFF6BFE628CDDFACF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA8FFBFFF6BFA398A0FFBC5.text	038287B8FFA8FFBFFF6BFA398A0FFBC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia pagdeni (Mickel 1933)	<div><p>Trogaspidia pagdeni (Mickel, 1933)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 57CEE861-65BD-4267-87E2-80025B970C9D</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BAC58EED-3186-4DC5-8C8F-61D95FA379D9</p><p>(Figs 27A–27D)</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) pagdeni Mickel, 1933b: 284, ♂ ♀, holotype ♂ (Serdang, [Selangor], Federated Malay States [= Malaysia]) [NHMUK]; Wu 1941: 136.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) pagdeni nodoa Mickel, 1933b: 288, ♂ ♀, holotype ♀ (Beggar Village s. w. of Nodoa, Hainan Island, China) [UMSP]; Mickel 1933c: 309; Wu 1941: 136. Synonymized by Williams et al. (2019b: 45) under Trogaspidia pagdeni (Mickel, 1933) .</p><p>Trogaspidia pagdeni pagdeni: Chen 1957: 171, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 98; Okayasu et al. 2018: 305, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia pagdeni nodoa: Chen 1957: 171, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 98; Okayasu et al. 2018: 305, ♀; Barthélémy et al. 2018: 238, ♂ ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 78, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia pagdeni: Williams et al. 2019b: 45, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 238.</p><p>Material examined. 12♂ 8♀. Vietnam: BAC KAN: Tonkin [= North Vietnam], Bae Kan [= Bac Kan], 1907, P. Lemee leg. [1♀ RBINS] ; THAI NGUYEN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.6/lat 21.583334)">Na Hau Village</a>, forest, open site, 21°35'N 105°36'E, 7–8.XI.2001, Sk. Yamane leg. [2♀ SKYC] ; VINH PHUC: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.712776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.388332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.712776/lat 21.388332)">Meninh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21°23'18"N 105°42'46"E, 23–25.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., hand collected [2♂ CSCA] ; HAI PHONG: Island Cat Ba, 8.I.1989, Gudkov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; Cat Ba Sin NP, trail, 20.X.2009, R. de Vries leg. [1♂ RMNH] ; HOA BINH: Ha Son Binh Prov. [= Hoa Binh], Da Bac, Tuly [= Tu Ly], forest, bamboo, 22.X.1990, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♂ 1♀ IBSS] ; NINH BINH: Cuc Phuong National Park, 13.XI. 2008, V. Bezborodov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; Cuc Phuong National Park, 10.XI.2001, K. Ogata leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.873&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.873/lat 16.25)">Entrance</a>, 16.250N, 107.873E, 50 m alt., 2–6.VIII.2016, T. Mita leg., yellow pan trap, 253/BTTNVN [2♂ VNMN] ; DA NANG: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.265&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.265/lat 16.102777)">Danang Island</a>, 16°06'10"N 108°15'54"E, 10 m, 6–8.IV.2011, C. v. Achterberg leg., hand net [1♂ RMNH] ; DAK LAK: Chu Yang Sin NP, near river, 740 m, 1–10.VI.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; NINH THUAN: Nui Chua NP, northwest part, 150 m, 24–30.V.2007, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [2♂ RMNH]; HO CHI MINH: Saigon, I.1924, Le Moult Vendit [1♀ RBINS] ; DONG NAI: Cat Tien NP, lagerstroemia trail, 100 m, 14–20.V.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH]; Cat Tien NP, garden, 100 m, 13–20.V.2007, C. van Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg., malaise [1♂ RMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with type [SYSM]. Compared with voucher specimens from Thailand (Williams et al. 2019b) [CSCA] .</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Nghe An and an ambiguous locality by Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen (2024).</p><p>Distribution. China. Laos. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam: Bac Kan *, Thai Nguyen *, Vinh Phuc *, Hai Phong *, Hoa Binh *, Ninh Binh *, Nghe An, Thua Thien Hue*, Da Nang *, Dak Lak *, Ninh Thuan *, Ho Chi Minh *, Dong Nai *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. January, April to June, October, November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, and Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregions. 10–740 m alt. Bamboo, forest (open site).</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes collected in copula.</p><p>Remarks. Previously, two subspecies were recognized, but they overlap in distribution and their color differences form a variable gradient, which led to their formal synonymy (Williams et al. 2019b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA8FFBFFF6BFA398A0FFBC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFA9FFB8FF6BFB368AE7FD35.text	038287B8FFA9FFB8FF6BFB368AE7FD35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia rhea subsp. gaea Chen 1957	<div><p>Trogaspidia rhea gaea Chen, 1957</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EC37FB30-0E99-4E49-B8D6-521EB378D2ED</p><p>(Figs 27E–27H)</p><p>Trogaspidia rhea gaea Chen, 1957: 168, ♂ ♀, holotype ♂ (Wuku, Shaowu, Fukien [= Fujian], China) [TARI]; He et al. 2004: 968, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 100; Hua 2006: 301; Okayasu et al. 2018: 305, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 289; Nguyen &amp; Dang 2024: 60, ♂ ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 9♂ 12♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: Pac Bo, 3.VIII.2000, S. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] ; Phia Oac-Phia Den NP station, 800 m, 30.VI.2022, Nguyen D. Hiep leg. [2♀ IEBR] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.604445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.875/lat 22.604445)">Nguyen Binh</a>, Phia Oac-Phia Den NP, 22°36'16"N 105°52'30"E, 15.X.2022, Malaise trap [1♀ IEBR] ; BAC KAN: Ba Be National Park, 31.VII– 2.VIII.2000, K. Okajima leg. [1♀ TUA] ; Cho Don, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.51214&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.255388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.51214/lat 22.255388)">Binh Trai</a>, Nam Xuan Lac NP, 22°15'19.4"N 105°30'43.7"E, 650 m, 15.VIII.2020, TXL [= Truong Xuan Lam], NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien], NQC [= Nguyen Quang Cuong], TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat], MVT [= Mai Van Thai] &amp; TTPU [= Tran Thi Phuong Uyen] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; VINH PHUC: Ngoc Thanh, Me Linh Bio-Station, 21°16'51"N 105°71'54"E, 30.VI.2021, IED [= Insect Ecology Department] leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR] ; Phuc Yen dist., Ngoc Thanh comm., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.71333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.389444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.71333/lat 21.389444)">Me Linh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21°23'22"N 105°42'48"E, 65 m, 30.IX.2021, T.D. Duong &amp; T.X. Thanh leg., Malaise trap (MT3) [1♂ IEBR] ; HANOI: Tonkin [= North Vietnam], Mont Bavi, 900 à 1000 m, VIII.1940, P.A. de Cooman leg. [1♀ TARI] ; QUANG NINH: Hoanh Bo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.0125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.149445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.0125/lat 21.149445)">Dong Lam</a>, 21°8'58"N 107°0'45"E, 190 m, 9.XII.2021, M.V. Thai leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; HAI PHONG: Cat Ba NP, trail, 20.X.2009, R. de Vries leg. [1♀ RMNH]; NINH BINH: Cuc Phuong, 200–300 m alt., 24.IV.1998, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♂ 1♀ OMNH] ; Cuc Phuong N. P. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.583336/lat 20.35)">Bong</a>, 20°21'N 105°35'E, 370 m alt., 23–27.VII.2010, H. Sawada leg. [1♂ TUA] ; HA TINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.42833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.294722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.42833/lat 18.294722)">Vu Quang</a> N. P., 18°17'41"N 105°25'42"E, 119 m alt., 24.IX–5.X.2009, C. v. Achterberg &amp; R. de Vries leg. [1♂ 2♀ RMNH] ; Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.38555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.38555/lat 18.325)">Vu Quang</a> NP, sand area, 18°19'30"N 105°23'8"E, 30 m, 8.VII.2023, TXL [= Truong Xuan Lam], NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien], NQC [= Nguyen Quang Cuong] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat]</p><p>leg. [2♂ IEBR]; THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma, ca. 800 m alt., 10.VI.2002, Y. Arita leg. [1♀ TUA]; KON TUM: Kon Plong Distr., Dak Long, nr. Thac Pa Sy Water Fall, 1100 m, 17.IV.2016, K. Harusawa leg. [1♀ OMNH] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with types [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Ha Tinh and Vinh Phuc by Nguyen &amp; Dang (2024) and Okayasu et al. (2018).</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Bac Kan *, Vinh Phuc, Hanoi *, Quang Ninh *, Hai Phong *, Ninh Binh *, Ha Tinh, Thua Thien Hue*, Kon Tum *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April, June to October, December. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, and Northern Annamites rain forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests ecoregions. 30–1100 m alt. Sand area.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes collected in copula.</p><p>Remarks. The nominotypical subspecies is distributed in Taiwan. Among the Vietnamese Trogaspidia, the male of this species is readily identified by having the clypeus armed with a strong medial ridge and metasomal segments 1–3 or 2–3 orange. Females are, contrarily, characterized by less conspicuous traits.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFA9FFB8FF6BFB368AE7FD35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFAEFFBAFF6BFD668F41FE81.text	038287B8FFAEFFBAFF6BFD668F41FE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trogaspidia wilsoni Williams 2019	<div><p>Trogaspidia wilsoni Williams, 2019</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B98E4DBE-AC59-4E64-AE62-201BB928AD6F</p><p>(Figs 27I, 27J)</p><p>Trogaspidia wilsoni Williams in Williams et al., 2019b: 43, ♀, holotype ♀ (12.4 km NNW Krabi, Krabi, Thailand) [CSCA]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 293; Okayasu et al. 2021a: 84, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 13♀. Vietnam: LAO CAI: Van Ban, Liem Phu, 450–600 m, 26.IX.2006, K. Eguchi leg. [3♀ SKYC] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, pine forest, 400–500 m, 9.VIII.1998, Sk. Yamane leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; BAC GIANG: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.721115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.171944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.721115/lat 21.171944)">Tay Yen To</a>, 21°10'19"N 106°43'16"E, 400 m, 23.V.2004, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; QUANG NINH: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.6/lat 21.1)">Dong Kho Island</a>, 21º06'N 107º36'E, 20.III.1987, V. Kuznetzov leg. [3♀ IBSS] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.416664/lat 20.783333)">Phong Vong Island</a>, 20°47'N 107°25'E, 25.III.1987, V. Kuznetzov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; Madeleine Island, 22.III.1987, V. Kuznetzov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; GIA LAI: 20 km N Buon Luoi, 23.XI–14.XII.1988, A. Gorochov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; 20 km N Buon Luoi, 3–12.XI.1988, A. Sharkov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; Buon Luoi, tropical forest, 29.V.1983, L. Medvedev leg. [1♀ IBSS] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Williams et al. (2019b) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia. Thailand. Vietnam *: Lao Cai, Vinh Phuc, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Gia Lai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. March, May, August, September, November, December. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, and Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests. Tropical forest, pine forest.</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was recognized by Williams et al. (2019b) based on a pair in copula but has not been formally associated and described.</p><p>Remarks. In the original description, three females from Kanchanaburi, Thailand, were designated as non-type material. They were subsequently identified as Tr. mackieae by Okayasu et al. (2021a).</p><p>Genus Wallacidia Lelej &amp; Brothers, 2008 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6E07EA14-51B6-4799-98C3-51B0C654B5B8</p><p>Radoszkowskius Ashmead, 1903: Lelej 1996b: 17, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 82, ♂ ♀. Misidentification.</p><p>Wallacidia Lelej &amp; Brothers, 2008: 64, ♂ ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 294. Type species: Mutilla oculata Fabricius, 1804 (♀), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus is predominantly Oriental in distribution and reaches the Palaearctic part of China. Twenty-two species are currently known (Lelej 2005; Pagliano et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was erected to accommodate Timulla (Trogaspidia) oculata (Fabricius, 1804) (now Wa. oculata), Timulla (Trogaspidia) philippinensis (Smith, 1855) (now Wa. philippinensis), and their subspecies. Pagden (1949) and O’Toole (1975) provided keys to those subspecies, covering about half the species of the present Wallacidia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFAEFFBAFF6BFD668F41FE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFACFFBBFF6BFEF28DBEFA79.text	038287B8FFACFFBBFF6BFEF28DBEFA79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wallacidia oculata (Fabricius 1804)	<div><p>Wallacidia oculata (Fabricius, 1804)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9D5F453D-DEFA-49D4-A94D-844C27009D8E urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 050A9B97-B0C1-466E-B998-9C2A0DF8AEA1</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D6CE4207-144E-4C3A-9653-58552D649359</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B7D54F46-61AF-43FF-A96E-CE29759D3378</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EEEA8093-A825-4BC7-999A-8EBB3D3B93F8</p><p>(Figs 28A–28D)</p><p>Mutilla oculata Fabricius, 1804: 432, ♀, holotype ♀ (China) [ZMUC]; Olivier 1811: 60, ♀; Sichel &amp; Radoszkowski 1869: 229, ♀; Dalla Torre 1897: 68; André 1902b: 40; Bingham 1903: iii, ♂; Bingham 1905: 35.</p><p>Mutilla novarae de Saussure, 1867: 106, ♀, holotype ♀ ( Hong Kong, China) [NHMW]; Dalla Torre 1897: 67; André 1902b: 40. Synonymized by Mickel (1933c: 308) under Timulla oculata (Fabricius, 1804) .</p><p>Mutilla malayana Cameron, 1901: 16, ♂, holotype ♂ (Bukit Besar, Jalor, District of Patani State, Malay Peninsula, [Malaysia]) [NHMUK]; André 1902b: 71. Synonymized by O’Toole (1975: 232) under Timulla oculata oculata (Fabricius, 1804) .</p><p>Mutilla skeati Cameron, 1901: 17, ♀, holotype ♀ (Kuala Aring, State of Kelantan, Malay Peninsula, [Malaysia]) [NHMUK]; André 1902b: 41. Synonymized by Mickel (1933a: 395) under Timulla philippinensis malayana (Cameron, 1901) . Resurrected to valid species status by Mickel (1935: 230). Synonymized by O’Toole (1975: 232) under Timulla oculata oculata (Fabricius, 1804) .</p><p>Mutilla dimidiata Lepeletier, 1845: Bingham 1905: 35. Misidentification.</p><p>Mutilla amartana Zavattari, 1913: 28, ♂ ♀, lectotype ♀ (Taihanroku [= Taipan], [Taitung], Formosa [= Taiwan]) [ZMNB], designated by Mickel (1933a: 391); Yano 1932: 327, ♂ ♀; Hirayama 1937: 114, pl. 56, ♂ non ♀. Synonymized by Hammer (1949: 4) under Trogaspidia oculata (Fabricius, 1804) .</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) philippinensis amartana: Mickel 1933a: 391, ♂ ♀; Suzuki 1934: 24; Mickel 1935: 229, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) philippinensis malayana: Mickel 1933a: 395, ♂ ♀; Mickel 1935: 230, ♂.</p><p>Mutille [sic] amartana: Kato 1934: pl. 42, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) philippinensis skeati: Mickel 1935: 230, ♀.</p><p>Timulla (Trogaspidia) oculata: Mickel 1933c: 308, ♀; Yasumatsu 1938b: 346, ♂; Wu 1941: 136; Yasumatsu 1948: 83, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia oculata: Hammer 1949: 4, ♀; Hill 1982: 84, ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia oculata oculata: Chen 1957: 164, ♂ ♀; He et al. 2004: 966, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia oculata amartana: Chen 1957: 164, ♂ ♀; Tsuneki 1972b: 6, ♂ ♀; Murota 1973: 119, ♂; Tsuneki 1993: 47, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Timulla oculata oculata: O’Toole 1975: 232, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Trogaspidia oculata amortana [sic]: Sabi et al. 1977: 42, ♂. Incorrect subsequent spelling.</p><p>Radoszkouskius oculata: Lelej 1996b: 17, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 84.</p><p>Radoszkouskius oculatus: Hua 2006: 300.</p><p>Wallacidia oculata: Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 64; Pagliano 2011: 46, ♀; Lo Cascio 2015: 564; Barthélémy et al. 2018: 239, ♂ ♀; Okayasu et al. 2018: 305: ♀; Williams et al. 2019b: 47, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 295; Thaochan et al. 2022: 164, ♂ ♀; Nguyen &amp; Dang 2024: 62, ♂ ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀; Barthélémy &amp; Guénard 2025: 78, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 25♂ 17♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: Nguyen Binh, Tinh Tuc, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.91139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.628056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.91139/lat 20.628056)">Phia Oac</a> NP, 20°37'41"N 105°54'41"E, 897 m, 7.V.2021, T.T. Ngat leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; Ha Lang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.74555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.747223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.74555/lat 22.747223)">Dong Loan</a>, bat cave, 22°44'50"N 106°44'44"E, 405 m, 20.IX.2023, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; LAO CAI: Sapa, ca. 1500 m, 18.V.2003, Y. Arita leg. [1♀ TUA] ; TUYEN QUANG: Pac Ban [= Thác Pác Ban], 23.V–2.VI.1996, D.C. Currie, D.C. Darling &amp; J. Rhydderch leg., Malaise trap (fine) no pans, ROM 963074 [1♂ ROM] ; BAC KAN: Tonkin [= North Vietnam], Bae Kan [= Bac Kan], 1907, P. Lemee leg. [1♀ RBINS] ; THAI NGUYEN: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.6/lat 21.583334)">Na Hau Village</a>, forest, open site, 21°35'N 105°36'E, 7.XI.2001, Sk. Yamane leg. [2♀ IBSS] ; Minh Tien, X.2006, Khat Dang Long leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR] ; LANG SON: Huu Lung, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.363335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.659166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.363335/lat 21.659166)">Huu Lien</a> NR, 21°39'33"N 106°21'48"E, 227 m, 30.VII.2022, Hoang Doan Phu leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; DIEN BIEN: Dien Bien, N 21.26.43 E103.02.42, 24.VIII.2006, L.T.P. Nguyen, F. Saito &amp; J. Kojima leg. [1♂ IEBR]; SON LA: To Hiep, Cotton, 7.X.2000, Truong Xuan Lam leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, foothill, 400 m, 12–13.V.2002, S. Belokobylskij leg. [1♂ IBSS] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.61667/lat 21.433332)">Tam Dao</a> NP, 21°26'N 105°37'E, 20.VIII.2005, J. Kojima leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.71241&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.38438" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.71241/lat 21.38438)">Meninh Biodiversity Station</a>: 21.38438°N 105.71241°E, 60 m, 29.V–5.VI.2013, L.G. Bezark leg., beating vegetation [2♀ CSCA] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.712776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.388332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.712776/lat 21.388332)">Meninh Biodiversity Station</a>, 21°23'18"N 105°42'46"E, 23–25.VI.2014, M. Hauser &amp; N. von Ellenrieder leg., hand collected [1♂ CSCA] ; Ngoc Thanh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.383806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7113/lat 21.383806)">Me Linh Bio-Station</a>, 21°23'01.7"N 105°42'40.7"E, 21–30.V.2020, IED’s coll. [= Insect Ecology Department’s collector] leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [8♂ IEBR], 1–10.VII.2020 [1♀ IEBR] ; Ngoc Thanh, Me Linh Bio-Station, 21°38'96"N 105°71'27"E, 21–30.V.2021, IED’s coll. [= Insect Ecology Department’s collector] leg., MT [= Malaise trap] [1♂ IEBR] ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.61609&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.440811" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.61609/lat 21.440811)">Tam Dao</a>, 21.440811°N 105.616088°E, 383 m alt., 7.VI.2023, L.T.P. Nguyen leg. [2♀ IEBR] ; HANOI: Ba Vi, Ba Trai, Lam Nghiep, Danh bat doc duong, 8.VII.2017, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien] &amp; LVT [= Lam V. Tinh] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; HAI PHONG: Cat Ba, Cat Ba NP, 27.VI–3.VII.2023, Student of HNU [= Hanoi National University] leg. [1♂ IEBR]; HA TINH: Vu Quang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.37195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.275555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.37195/lat 18.275555)">Vu Quang</a> NP, along the stream, 18°16'32"N 105°22'19"E, 91 m, 8.VII.2023, TXL [= Truong Xuan Lam], NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien], NQC [= Nguyen Quang Cuong] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; QUANG TRI: A Ngo Đakrong, 31.V.06, 150–200 m [1♂ IEBR]; THUA THIEN HUE: Bach Ma, ca. 800 m, 10.VI.2002, Y. Arita leg. [1♀ TUA] ; A Luoi, Hong Trung, 600 m, 31.V.2006, ISD [= Insect Systematic Department] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; DA NANG: Hoâ Tho, 9.III.2022 [1♀ IEBR] ; QUANG NAM: Phuoc Son, Phuoc Hiep, &lt;300 m, 30.VII.2004, ISD [= Insect Systematic Department] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; KON TUM: Sa Thay, Chu Mom Ray NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.60611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.456944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.60611/lat 14.456944)">Ro Koi</a> RS, 14°27'25"N 107°36'22"E, 267 m, 25.IV.2022, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; DAK LAK: Yok Don National Park, 24.II.1993, A. Gorochov leg. [1♀ IBSS] ; Cumga, Cusue, 30.IV.2020 [1♂ IEBR] ; DONG NAI: Bien Hoa, 14.VII.1924, R. Vitalis de Salvaza leg. [1♂ TARI] ; KIEN GIANG: U Minh Thuong, An Minh Bac, U <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.13778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.901667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.13778/lat 9.901667)">Minh Thuong</a> NP, 9°54'6"N 105°8'16"E, 30 m, 11.X.2023, NDA [= Nguyen Duc Anh] &amp; TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♀ IEBR] ; UNKNOWN PROVINCE: Tonkin [= North Vietnam], I.G.18.293, Coll. Oberthur [1♀ RBINS] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with voucher specimens from China (Chen 1957) [TARI].</p><p>Previous record. This species was recorded from Hai Phong, Khanh Hoa, Hoa Binh, Nghe An, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc, and some ambiguous localities by O’Toole (1975), Lelej (1996b), and Nguyen &amp; Dang (2024).</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia. China. Taiwan. Laos. Malaysia. Myanmar. Thailand. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Lao Cai *, Tuyen Quang *, Bac Kan *, Thai Nguyen *, Lang Son *, Dien Bien *, Son La *, Vinh Phuc, Hanoi *, Quang Ninh, Hai Phong, Hoa Binh, Nghe An, Ha Tinh *, Quang Tri *, Thua Thien Hue*, Da Nang *, Quang Nam *, Khanh Hoa, Kon Tum *, Dak Lak *, Dong Nai *, Kien Giang *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. February to December. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests, Northern Annamites rain forests, Southern Annamites montane rain forests, Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests, Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests, and Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests ecoregions. 30–1500 m alt. Forest (open site).</p><p>Sex association. This species was initially described from the female only. The male was associated and diagnosed by Chen (1957), but the evidence of this association was not indicated. Lelej (1996b) examined a pair in copula and confirmed this treatment.</p><p>Remarks. Many subspecies were recognized by O’Toole (1975) from South and Southeast Asia. Lelej (1996b, 2005), however, regarded them as distinct species. Due to the large body size and wide geographic distribution, this is one of the most commonly observed velvet-ant species in Southeast Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFACFFBBFF6BFEF28DBEFA79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFADFFA5FF6BF9AA8D3FFC96.text	038287B8FFADFFA5FF6BF9AA8D3FFC96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wallacidia retinula (Chen 1957)	<div><p>Wallacidia retinula (Chen, 1957)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5011918C-07A3-49C4-9D8A-9A13A3C31E4B</p><p>(Figs 28E, 28F)</p><p>Trogaspidia retinula Chen, 1957:174, ♀, holotype ♀ (Taipei, Taiwan) [TARI].</p><p>Radoszkowskius retinulus: Lelej 2005 85; Hua 2006: 300.</p><p>Wallacidia retinula: Lo Cascio 2015: 564; Okayasu et al. 2018: 307, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 295; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 1♀. Vietnam: VINH PHUC: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.7/lat 21.383333)">Melinh</a>, 21°23'N 105°42'E, alt. 56 m, 20.VII.2010, J. Kantoh leg. [1♀ ELKU] .</p><p>Identification source. Compared with types [TARI] .</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Taiwan. Vietnam *: Vinh Phuc.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. July. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests ecoregion. 56 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Male unknown. Lelej (2005) suggested that this species could be the female of Wallacidia conversa (Chen, 1957), presumably because Wa. conversa and Wa. retinula are the only species of the genus occurring in China and Taiwan aside from Wa. oculata .</p><p>Remarks. This species was described based on seven females from China and Taiwan (Chen 1957). The Vietnamese female was compared with the type specimens, and no noticeable variation was observed.</p><p>Genus Zavatilla Tsuneki, 1993</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E7B51D45-C193-49BE-A9C8-D1EDA9421926</p><p>Smicromyrme (Zavatilla) Tsuneki, 1993: 42, ♂. Type species: Mutilla gutrunae Zavattari, 1913 (♂), by original designation. Zavatilla: Lelej 1995a: 2; Lelej 2005: 77, ♂ ♀; Zhou et al. 2018b: 102, ♂ ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 295.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes four Oriental species (Zhou et al. 2018b). Zavatilla xuzaifui Zhou, Lelej &amp; Williams, 2018 is the only species occurring in Southeast Asia.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Zhou et al. (2018b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFADFFA5FF6BF9AA8D3FFC96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFB3FFA5FF6BFCC78C00F83F.text	038287B8FFB3FFA5FF6BFCC78C00F83F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavatilla xuzaifui Zhou, Lelej & Williams 2018	<div><p>Zavatilla xuzaifui Zhou, Lelej &amp; Williams, 2018</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 54E9A955-7E1C-4EA8-9D5C-7F4C96A291A9</p><p>(Figs 28G, 28H)</p><p>Zavatilla xuzaifui Zhou, Lelej &amp; Williams in Zhou et al., 2018b: 111, ♂ ♀, holotype ♂ (Shimen Forest Park, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China) [SCAU]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 295; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 7♂ 2♀. Vietnam: CAO BANG: Tra Linh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.29305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.763056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.29305/lat 22.763056)">Ho Thang Hen</a>, 22°45'47"N 106°17'35"E, 618 m, 20.V.2023, NTPL [= Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien], TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] &amp; NQC [= Nguyen Quang Cuong] leg. [1♂ IEBR] ; LAO CAI: ca. 5 km SE Sapa village, 1500 m, 26.V–03.VI.1999, A. Lathrop leg., ROM 992022 [1♂ ROM] ; BAC KAN: Bac Can Prov., Ba Be National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.0/lat 23.0)">Ba Be</a>, 22– 23°N 105– 37°E, 200 m alt., 1.V.2006, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♂ OMNH] ; VINH PHUC: Tam Dao, Dai Dinh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.61114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.477303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.61114/lat 21.477303)">Dibo</a> lenden <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.61114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.477303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.61114/lat 21.477303)">Thurong–Tinhthat Tay Thien</a>, 21.470459°N 105.59072°E – 21.477303°N 105.611134°E, 120–220 m alt., O. Tominaga leg. [1♂ OMNH] ; HANOI: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36667/lat 21.05)">Ba Vi National Park</a>, 700 m, 21°03'N 105°22'E, 19.IV.2002, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC] ; NINH BINH: Cuc Phuong, 200–300 m alt., 4.VI.1997, R. Matsumoto leg. [1♂ OMNH], 5.VI.1997 [1♂ OMNH] ; NGHE AN: Ban Xan, 16.IV.1999, K. Eguchi leg. [1♀ SKYC]; Con Cuong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.684166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.962444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.684166/lat 18.962444)">Pu Mat</a> NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.684166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.962444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.684166/lat 18.962444)">Khe Choang</a> RS, 18°57'44.8"N 104°41'03"E, 142 m, 1.IX.2020, TTN [= Tran Thi Ngat] leg. [1♂ IEBR] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Zhou et al. (2018b) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Hoa Binh, Tuyen Quang, and Vinh Phuc in Zhou et al. (2018b).</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam: Cao Bang *, Lao Cai *, Tuyen Quang, Bac Kan *, Vinh Phuc, Hanoi *, Hoa Binh, Ninh Binh *, Nghe An *.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. April to June, September to November. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests, Northern Indochina subtropical forests, Red River freshwater swamp forests, and Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests ecoregions. 120–1500 m alt. Forest.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes because this is the only Zavatilla species occurring in Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. This species represents the southernmost record of Zavatilla and occurs in the northern part of Vietnam. It is unclear if this suggests the southern limits of the distribution of the genus. Unlike other known species of Zavatilla, which have the body entirely black (Zhou et al. 2018b), males of Z. xuzaifui have the first three metasomal segments orange (Fig. 28H).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFB3FFA5FF6BFCC78C00F83F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFD188C36FB10.text	038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFD188C36FB10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomutilla angkorensis Williams 2017	<div><p>Zeugomutilla angkorensis Williams in Lelej et al., 2017</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FCBD211A-F555-4A05-9017-ED7710DC2813</p><p>(Figs 29A, 29B)</p><p>Zeugomutilla angkorensis Williams in Lelej et al., 2017: 4, ♂, holotype ♂ (Cát Tiên N.P., Đồng Nai, Vietnam) [RMNH]; Pagliano et al. 2020: 168.</p><p>Previous record. This species was described from Dong Nai in Lelej et al. (2017).</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia. Thailand. Vietnam: Dong Nai.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May, October. Southeast Indochina dry evergreen forests ecoregion. ca. 100 m alt.</p><p>Sex association. Female unknown.</p><p>Remarks. In most features, this species is nearly identical to the more widespread Ze. pycnopyga, but the first antennal flagellomere is very short in Ze. angkorensis . Although subtle, this feature shows great utility in diagnosing other velvet-ant species around the World, even providing a useful diagnostic feature to separate the tribes Smicromyrmini and Trogaspidiini .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFD188C36FB10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFB418D41F8D0.text	038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFB418D41F8D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomutilla pangi Lelej 2017	<div><p>Zeugomutilla pangi Lelej, 2017</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 522ED5B7-811D-4B51-9101-74CAAF8FB5E1</p><p>(Figs 29C–29F)</p><p>Zeugomutilla pangi Lelej in Lelej et al., 2017: 6, ♂ ♀, holotype ♂ (Naam-fung., 10 mi. S-SW. of Nodoa [= Nada, Danzhou], Tan-hsien, Hainan, China) [SYSM]; Okayasu et al. 2018: 303, ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 168; Okayasu 2023c: 14, ♀; Boutin &amp; Vilhelmsen 2024: supplementary table S2, S3, ♀.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂. Vietnam: BAC KAN: Ba Be Natl. Park, vicinity dorm annex, grassy scrub, 19–25.V.1995, J. Swann leg., Malaise trap, ROM 956105 [1♂ ROM] .</p><p>Identification source. Keyed using Lelej et al. (2017) and compared with the original description.</p><p>Previous record. None.</p><p>Distribution. China. Vietnam *: Bac Kan.</p><p>Occurrence in Vietnam. May. South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests ecoregion. Grassy scrub.</p><p>Sex association. This species was described from both sexes collected from close localities in Hainan, China.</p><p>Remarks. This species was regarded as being restricted to Hainan Island and thereby being geographically separated from the continental species Ze. saepes (Chen, 1957) (Lelej et al. 2017). However, the occurrence of Ze. pangi in Vietnam suggests their overlapping distribution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFB418D41F8D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFF0B8D24FDAF.text	038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFF0B8D24FDAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zeugomutillini Waldren 2023	<div><p>Tribe Zeugomutillini Waldren, 2023</p><p>Genus Zeugomutilla Chen, 1957</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1703E994-4215-4402-8E07-BFD603A7EF13</p><p>Zeugomutilla Chen, 1957: 157, ♂; Lelej 1992: 284, ♂ ♀; Lelej 2005: 37, ♂ ♀; Lelej &amp; Brothers 2008: 66; Lelej et al. 2017: 2, ♂ ♀; Pagliano et al. 2020: 168. Type species: Zeugomutilla pycnopyga Chen, 1957 (♂), by original designation.</p><p>Diversity and distribution. This genus includes nine Oriental species, five from South Asia and the other four from East Asia (Lelej et al. 2017; Okayasu 2023c).</p><p>Remarks. This genus was reviewed by Lelej et al. (2017). One additional species was recently described and an updated key to the females was provided by Okayasu (2023c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287B8FFB0FFA6FF6BFF0B8D24FDAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Okayasu, Juriya;Lelej, Arkady S.;Williams, Kevin A.;Brabant, Craig M.;Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong;Nguyen, Anh Duc;Pham, Thai Hong;Truong, Tuong Thi Cat	Okayasu, Juriya, Lelej, Arkady S., Williams, Kevin A., Brabant, Craig M., Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh Duc, Pham, Thai Hong, Truong, Tuong Thi Cat (2025): Current knowledge on the velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Myrmosidae) of Vietnam: faunal review and new distributional records. Zootaxa 5668 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5668.1.1
