taxonID	type	description	language	source
0382A032FFCAFFE8FCC5F9F9FD16FC32.taxon	description	(FIGS 3 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 C, 10, 11) lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 8 E 5 BA 1 A-D 5 FF- 4 F 79 - B 543 - E 3 D 5 AB 367 B 6 B Type material Holotype: CHINA: ♂, Menghuocheng (29.00 ° N, 102.30 ° E), 2600 m, Shimian County, Sichuan, 26 July 2016, leg. Lu Jiang. Paratypes: Six ♂, five ♀, Menghuocheng and Liziping Nature Reserve, Shimian County, Sichuan, 22 – 26 July 2016, leg. Lu Jiang. Etymology The specific epithet is composed of the Latin latus, wide or broad, and valvae, valves or doors, referring to the broad dorsal valves of the male aedeagus. Diagnosis The new species resembles D. diceras, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: (1) basal branch of male paramere slender and straight (cf. broadened basally); (2) lateral branches semicircular at basal two-thirds and parallel at distal one-third (cf. curved inward); (3) dorsal valve of male aedeagus broad, reaching basal process of gonostylus (cf. slender, short); and (4) main plate of female medigynium pear-shaped (cf. rounded). Description Head: Head yellow. Vertex pale yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Rostrum yellow with two black CV 1 CV 2 lateral longitudinal stripes. Antenna blackish brown (Figs 10, 11 A, B). Thorax: Pronotum yellow, with long black setae along anterior margin and a black longitudinal stripe along each side. Meso- and metanotum yellow, with two black longitudinal stripes laterally. Pleura yellow. Legs cream coloured, with tarsomeres blackish (Figs 10, 11 A, B). Wings: Male holotype: forewing length 14.6 mm, width 3.7 mm; hindwing length 13.9 mm, width 3.5 mm; wing membrane hyaline, without distinct markings (Fig. 11 A). Female: forewing length 15.4 – 16.6 mm, width 3.8 – 4.1 mm; hindwing length 14.2 – 15.2 mm, width 3.8 – 4.1 mm; similar to male in general appearance (Figs 10 B, 11 B). Abdomen: Terga I – V (T 1 – T 5) yellowish, with two black longitudinal lateral stripes; sterna and pleura yellow (Figs 10, 11). Male: notal organ of T 3 slightly prominent, bearing black setae posteriorly (Fig. 4 D); T 6 yellowish brown, with a pair of anal horns on posterior margin (Figs 3 D, 11 A); abdominal segments VII and III (A 7 – A 8) brownish yellow, elongate, constricted at basal half and thickened at apical half, but A 8 much thinner than A 7 distally. Female: abdominal segments gradually narrowed distally (Figs 10 B, 11 B). Male genitalia: Genital bulb spherical, yellowish brown. Epandrium broad basally and narrowed distally, terminating with a shallow, broad, U-shaped emargination, extending over apex of gonocoxite (Fig. 11 C). Hypovalve greatly broadened toward apex and slightly curved inward distally, bearing long bristles along inner margin (Figs 5 D, 11 D). Gonostylus smoothly curved, bearing a developed basal process and a sharp median tooth along inner margin. Parameres trifurcate: basal branches slender and straight, nearly parallel, reaching basal process of gonostylus; mesal branches divergent at base and convergent at apex, reaching median tooth of gonostylus; lateral branches semicircular at basal two-thirds and parallel at distal one-third. Ventral valves of aedeagus membranous and slender, reaching apex of gonocoxite; dorsal valves broadened and elongate, reaching basal process of gonostylus. Female genitalia: Subgenital plate broad, trapezoidal, terminating in a ligulate process (Fig. 11 E). Medigynium elongate and pear-shaped, folded ventrally on each side. Main plate nearly rectangular, twice as long as posterior arms. Axis concealed in main plate, slightly protruding at apex (Figs 6 C, 11 F).	en	Hu, Gui-Lin, Gao, Kai, Wang, Ji-Shen, Hebert, Paul D. N., Hua, Bao-Zhen (2019): Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the genus Dicerapanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 1173-1195
0382A032FFC3FFF6FF05FB90FF47FD0A.taxon	description	(FIGS 3 M, 4 M, 5 M, 6 N, 12, 13) lsid: zoobank. org: act: 81200120 - 41 F 3 - 43 F 6 - 94 B 2 - AD 9 AA 32 EA 0 FD Type material Holotype: CHINA: ♂, Hualongshan Mountain (32.01 ° N, 109.36 ° E), 2100 m, Pingli County, Shaanxi, 12 July 2015, leg. Bao-Zhen Hua. Paratypes: Seven ♀, Mount Nangongshan (32.29 ° N, 109.06 ° E), Langao County, Shaanxi, 11 June 2013, leg. Jing Chen and Qin-Xiao Chen; Five ♂, three ♀, Hualongshan Mountain, Pingli County, Shaanxi, 24 June 2018, leg. Kai Gao, Yuan Hua and Yu-Ru Yang; one ♂, 21 ♀, Mount Nangongshan, Langao County, Shaanxi, 26 June 2018, leg. Yuan Hua and Kai Gao; four ♂, ten ♀, Chengkou County (31.84 ° N, 109.107 ° E), Chongqing, 20 June 2018, leg. Kai Gao. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Hualongshan Mountain. Diagnosis This new species resembles D. shennongensis, but can be readily differentiated from the latter by the following characters: (1) mesal branches of male parameres convergent distally (cf. parallel); and (2) main plate of female medigynium broad, posterior arms short (cf. slender and long). Description Head: Head mostly yellow. Vertex yellowish. Ocellar triangle black. Rostrum yellow, without distinct black longitudinal stripes. Antenna blackish brown (Fig. 12 A, B). Thorax: Pro-, meso- and metanotum yellowish, bearing black stout setae anteriorly and two black longitudinal stripes laterally. Pleura pale yellow. Legs yellowish brown (Fig. 12 A, B). Wings: Male holotype: forewing length 15.8 mm, width 4.2 mm, yellowish with dark brown markings; apical band enclosing a large hyaline window; pterostigmal band with a broad basal branch and a reduced separated distal branch; basal band extremely reduced; marginal and basal spots indistinct; hindwing length 13.9 mm, width 4.0 mm, with more degenerated markings (Fig. 12 A). Female: forewing length 14.8 – 17.2 mm, width 4.0 – 4.9 mm, basal band reduced, extending from vein R 1 to 1 A; pterostigma and apical bands complete; marginal spot extending from vein R 1 to R 4 + 5. Hindwing length 13.8 – 16.1 mm, width 4.0 – 4.8 mm, similar to forewing in general appearance (Fig. 12 B). Abdomen: T 1 – T 5 pale yellow, with two black longitudinal stripes laterally (Fig. 12 A, B). Male: notal organ of T 3 well developed, bearing thick setae on posterior margin (Fig. 4 M); T 6 yellowish brown, with a pair of digitate anal horns posteriorly (Fig. 3 M); abdominal segment VII (A 7) yellowish brown, elongate, constricted basally and abruptly dilated distally; A 8 similar to A 7, but much thinner apically (Fig. 12 A). Female: abdominal segments gradually narrowed distally (Fig. 12 B). Male genitalia: Genital bulb yellowish brown, elliptic. Epandrium broad at base, gradually narrowing toward apex, with a deep U-shaped terminal emargination (Fig. 12 C). Hypovalve not reaching apex of gonocoxite, with long bristles along inner margin (Figs 12 D, 13 C). Gonostylus shorter than gonocoxite, with a developed pentagon-shaped basal process and a small, sharp median tooth (Fig. 12 C, D). Parameres trifurcate: basal branches short, nearly parallel; mesal branch elongate, curved inward at apex, reaching basal process of gonostylus; lateral branch incurved, reaching or exceeding apex of ventral valve. Ventral valves of aedeagus long, slender; dorsal valves sclerotized, not reaching apex of gonocoxite (Fig. 12 D). Female genitalia: Subgenital plate ovoid, terminating in a ligulate process, covered with long bristles caudally (Fig. 12 E). Main plate of female medigynium broad, nearly rectangular (Fig. 12 F). Posterior arms shorter than main plate. Axis concealed in main plate, slightly protruding beyond main plate at apex. Remarks Different individuals of this species exhibit variations in male aedeagus, paramere (Figs 4 M, 13 A, B), female subgenital plate (Fig. 13 D, E) and medigynium (Figs 6 N, 13 F, G).	en	Hu, Gui-Lin, Gao, Kai, Wang, Ji-Shen, Hebert, Paul D. N., Hua, Bao-Zhen (2019): Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the genus Dicerapanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 1173-1195
0382A032FFDDFFF6FF31FD5AFC52F957.taxon	description	(FIGS 3 L, 4 L, 5 L, 6 L, M, 14, 15) lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 0 F 01 DAE- 2 C 1 F- 473 E-B 324 - 862 C 92 D 1 D 86 A Type material Holotype: CHINA: ♂, Laohegou Nature Reserve (32.47 ° N, 104.73 ° E), Minshan Mountain, 1800 m, Pingwu County, Sichuan, 6 May 2013, leg. Shuang Xue. Paratypes: Thirteen ♂, three ♀, same data as holotype; 13 ♂, 16 ♀, same locality as holotype, 28 May 2018, leg. Kai Gao. Etymology The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Minshan Mountain. Diagnosis This new species can be differentiated readily from D. magna by the following characters: (1) male genital bulb spherical (cf. long and elliptical); (2) basal branch of male paramere short, hook-shaped (cf. relatively long); and (3) main plate of female medigynium nearly rectangular distally, constricted mesally and smoothly curved basally (cf. subtriangular or constricted rapidly at base). Description H e a d: H e a d y e l l o w. Ve r t e x y e l l o w i s h. O c e l l a r triangle black. Antenna blackish brown. Rostrum yellowish, without black lateral longitudinal stripes (Fig. 14 A, B). Thorax: Pro-, meso- and metanotum yellow, bearing several setae anteriorly and two black longitudinal stripes laterally. Pleura light yellow. Legs yellowish brown, with tarsomeres gradually darkened toward apex (Fig. 14 A, B). Wings: Male holotype: forewing length 16.5 mm, width 4.5 mm, yellowish, apical band reduced; pterostigma band incomplete and dark brown, with reduced basal and distal branches; basal band extending from vein R s to CuP, other markings indistinct; hindwing length 15.2 mm, width 4.3 mm, similar to forewing, but with more degenerated markings (Fig. 14 A). Female: forewing length 15.5 – 17.6 mm, width 4.1 – 4.9 mm; hindwing length 14.1 – 16.4 mm, width 4.0 – 4.7 mm; similar to male in general appearance (Fig. 14 B). Abdomen: T 1 – T 5 yellowish, with two black lateral longitudinal stripes (Fig. 14 A, B). Male: notal organ developed, covered with numerous black setae posteriorly (Fig. 4 L); T 6 brownish yellow, bearing a pair of digitate anal horns posteriorly (Figs 3 L, 14 A); A 7 and A 8 yellowish brown, elongate, constricted at basal half and dilated at distal half, but A 8 much thinner than A 7 distally (Fig. 14 A). Female: abdominal segments gradually narrowed caudally (Fig. 14 B). Male genitalia: Genital bulb brownish yellow, spherical. Epandrium gradually narrowing toward apex, with a rounded, U-shaped terminal emargination (Fig. 14 C). Hypovalve slender, bearing long bristles along inner margin, nearly reaching apex of gonocoxite (Figs 5 L, 14 D). Gonostylus shorter than gonocoxite, with a well-developed trapezoidal basal process and a small sharp subtriangular median tooth. Parameres trifurcate: basal branch considerably short, hook-shaped; mesal and lateral branches curved inward, reaching or exceeding apex of gonocoxite. Ventral valves of aedeagus short; dorsal valves broadened and elongate, nearly reaching apex of gonocoxite (Figs 5 L, 14 D, 15 A, B). Female genitalia: Subgenital plate ovoid, terminating in a ligulate process, covered with long setae caudally (Figs 14 E, 15 C). Medigynium strongly sclerotized, with main plate rectangular distally, gradually constricted mesally and rounded basally. Posterior arms parallel and short, approximately half the length of main plate (Figs 6 L, M, 14 F).	en	Hu, Gui-Lin, Gao, Kai, Wang, Ji-Shen, Hebert, Paul D. N., Hua, Bao-Zhen (2019): Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the genus Dicerapanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 1173-1195
